分光光度法测定莫能菌素发酵液中油含量

研究了分光光度法测定莫能菌素发酵液中油含量的方法。检测波长为715nm时,莫能菌素发酵液中油含量在0．4～2．0mg／mL范围内,与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数0．9999（n=5）,回收率为100．3％,RSD为0．872％（n=9）。     

测定盐霉素中间体效价的新方法一分光光度法

研究了分光光度法测定发酵液中盐霉素含量的方法。检测波长为520nm,以无水甲醇为溶剂,3%香草醛溶液为显色剂,显色温度50℃,显色时间15min,盐霉素浓度在20～120μ／mL范围内与吸光度呈线性关系,相关系数0．9999（n=6）,回收率为100．1％,RSD为0．519％（n=9）。     

聚酰胺-UV法检测蜂花粉总黄酮的研究

黄酮类成分因其具有多样生物活性成为目前天然产物研究的热点。本实验探讨了聚酰胺-UV法作为蜂花粉总黄酮测定方法的可行性。结果表明以芦丁为标准品，以360nm为检测波长，用聚酰胺-UV法检测蜂花粉总黄酮在0．005-0．025mg／mL范围内，浓度与吸光度呈良好的线性关系，相关系数R2为0．9998，回收率、稳定性、精密度和重现性均理想，其RSD分别为2．48％（n=3），2，12％（n=3），0．49％（n=3）、0．88％（n=5）。该法检测油菜蜂花粉中总黄酮含量为1．54％。     

高效液相色谱法测定双黄败毒颗粒中黄芩苷含量

采用RP—HPLC法测定双黄败毒颗粒中黄芩苷的含量。样品用70％乙醇超声处理，以C18为固定相，甲醇-水-磷酸（45：55：0．2）为流动相，280nm为检测波长，用HPLC法测定其中黄芩苷含量。黄芩苷的线性范围为0．16—0．96μg，r=0．9997（n=6），平均加样回收率为102．2％，RSD为1．57％（n=9）。     

RP-HPLC法测定博落回总碱中白屈菜红碱含量的方法研究

建立博落回总碱中白屈菜红碱的RP—HPLC含量测定方法。采用日本资生堂ODS—MG C18液相色谱柱（4．6mm×150mm,5μm）;以乙腈-0．1％磷酸溶液（45：55）（每100mL加十二烷基磺酸钠0．1g）为流动相;检测波长270nm;流速为1．0mL／min。结果显示,白屈菜红碱峰形对称,拖尾因子低于1．5;在0．1μg～0．9μg范围内峰面积与浓度呈良好的线性关系（r=0．9999,n=5）;在80％、100％、120％三种添加水平下的平均回收率分别为97．4％（RSD：0．7％,n=3）、98．6％（RSD=0．1％,n=3）、99．5％（RSD=0．8％,n=3）。利用该法测定博落回总碱中的白屈菜红碱,结果准确度高、精密度好,可作为博落回总碱的质量控制方法。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定泛酸钙中的钙含量

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定泛酸钙中的钙含量。以氯化钾溶液（0．1％，m／V）配制泛酸钙检测液，可消除空气-乙炔火焰的电离干扰作用。方法的线性范围为0．50～4．00μg／mL（r=0．9992），加标平均回收率为98．7％，RSD为0．46％（n=9）。     

抗莫能菌素多克隆抗体检测鸡组织中莫能菌素残留的研究

本文用自制的抗莫能菌素多克隆抗体检测肉鸡肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和脂肪组织中莫能菌素的残留。将莫能菌素以30．0、60．0、120．0μg／kg分别添加到经处理的各空白组织中，用竞争ELISA法测得莫能菌素在肌肉、肝脏、肾脏和脂肪组织中的回收率为78．7％～104．3％，变异系数为4．2％～18．0％，检测极限为5．0～8．51μg／kg。     

应用Ea玫瑰花环抑制试验检测奶牛血清EPF活性

应用人淋巴细胞玫瑰花环抑制试验，对河南省奶牛育种中心20头奶牛进行了EPF活性检测。结果表明，18～30月龄初配妊娠母牛血清RIT值为12．84±0．59（n=6），31月龄～5岁经产妊娠母牛RIT值为13．01±0．36（n=8），两者差异显著（P〈O．05）：母牛在妊娠6～28d的RIT值为12．58±0．26（n=6），妊娠1～2个月的RIT值为13．13±0．34（n=6），妊娠3～4个月．RIT值为13．60（n=2），三者相互之间均差异显著（P〈0．05）。妊娠与空怀奶牛的RIT值分别为12．96±0．46（n=14）和8．48±0．29（n=6），两者差异极显著（P〈0．01）。经产牛血清EPF活性高于初配妊娠母牛；在6～28d、1～2个月、3～4个月3个妊娠期，母牛血清中EPF活性增加；未妊娠奶牛血清中不存在EPF活性，妊娠母牛的RIT〉12。说明应用人淋巴细胞玫瑰花环抑制试验进行奶牛的早期或超早期妊娠诊断是一种有效可行的方法。     

HPLC法测定地昔尼尔含量及有关物质

建立了高效液相色谱法测定地昔尼尔的含量和有关物质的检测方法。采用c,。色谱柱（5“m,4．6mm×250mm）,流动相为甲醇一水（30：70）,流速1．0mL／min,检测波长269nm,进样量20斗L,柱温25℃。该方法的线性范围为1．01～20．16txg／mL（r=0．9998）;最低检出限2ng;精密度的RSD为0．56％（n=6）;平均加样回收率为99．66％（n=9）。该方法简便灵敏,结果准确可靠,可用于地昔尼尔原料的含量及有关物质的测定。     

双波长紫外分光光度法测定酒石酸泰乐菌素-盐酸多西环素可溶性粉的含量

建立了双波长紫外分光光度法同时测定酒石酸泰乐菌素-盐酸多西环素可溶性粉中酒石酸泰乐菌素和盐酸多西环素含量的检测方法。结果显示，吸收度与浓度呈良好线性关系。酒石酸泰乐菌素的平均回收率为99．90％，RSD为0．42％n=5）；盐酸多西环素的平均回收率为100．07％，RSD为0．74％（n=5）。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.