蒲公英多糖对雏鸡免疫机能的研究

蒲公英,别名黄花苗、婆婆丁、黄花地丁等,为菊科蒲公英属多年生草本植物的带根全草,《中华人民共和国药典》(2005年)记载其具有清热解毒、消肿散结、利尿通淋等功效。现代药理研究显示,蒲公英具有广泛的药理活性,如抗病原微生物感染、提高机体免疫、保肝利胆、抗溃疡等。蒲公英多糖(Taraxacum polysaccharides,TP),为蒲公英的多糖     

蒲公英萜醇药理作用研究进展

蒲公英萜醇具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗糖尿病等药理作用,值得研究开发。本文综述蒲公英萜醇近年来的药理研究进展。     

蒲公英不同提取物抗炎效果研究

为了解蒲公英主要药效成分的抗炎效果,通过建立二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型筛选出蒲公英的抗炎成分,并通过二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀,蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀及大鼠棉球肉芽肿模型,研究蒲公英抗炎成分对毛细血管扩张和通透性亢进、渗出水肿、白细胞向炎症聚集、纤维组织增生的抑制作用。结果显示,蒲公英的主要抗炎成分为蒲公英黄酮,对二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀,蛋清致大鼠足跖肿胀及大鼠棉球肉芽肿均有明显抑制作用。表明蒲公英黄酮对急慢性炎症均具有良好的抑制作用,并且高剂量组的蒲公英黄酮抗炎效果最好。     

蒲公英的药理作用及在畜牧生产上的应用

蒲公英是一种药用价值很高的传统中药,其主要活性成分包括黄酮类、多糖、萜类、酚酸类、甾醇类等。现代药理研究表明,蒲公英具有抑菌、调节机体免疫功能、保护胃肠道以及抗氧化等药理作用。笔者对蒲公英的有效成分、药理作用及其在畜牧生产上的应用现状进行了介绍,为蒲公英在现代畜牧生产中的合理应用和进一步推广提供参考。     

蒲公英多糖对小鼠免疫器官的影响

从蒲公英中提取多糖,观察其对小鼠免疫机能的影响。30只昆明种小鼠随机分成试验组和对照组,每组15只。试验持续10 d,于试验第3天给试验组小鼠灌服制备的蒲公英多糖溶液,对照组小鼠则以生理盐水灌胃。试验结束后脱颈处死小鼠,剖检,取胸腺和脾脏分别称重,并取适当组织制备切片镜检。结果显示,蒲公英多糖能显著提高脾脏指数和胸腺指数,改善器官内部组织结构,促进小鼠免疫器官的生长发育,有利于提高小鼠的免疫功能。     

蒲公英甾醇粗提物抗炎作用研究

通过建立醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增强模型,二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀模型和角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀模型,研究蒲公英甾醇粗提物对炎症的抑制作用.设立模型组,蒲公英甾醇粗提物组和阳性组,蒲公英甾醇粗提物组分别给予蒲公英甾醇750、375、187.5 mg/kg,连续灌胃5d,观察蒲公英甾醇对小鼠毛细血管通透性、耳廓肿胀和大鼠足趾肿胀的抑制作用.结果显示,蒲公英甾醇对醋酸致小鼠毛细血管通透性增强,二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀和角叉菜胶致大鼠足趾肿胀均有显著抑制作用.表明蒲公英甾醇具有明显的体内抗炎作用.     

蒲公英提取物对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞释放一氧化氮的影响

用MTT法测定蒲公英提取物对脂多糖(LPS)激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的毒性作用,以确定无细胞毒性剂量范围,并在该剂量范围内采用Griess试剂比色法测定蒲公英提取物对LPS激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌一氧化氮(NO)的影响,为蒲公英提取物药理作用的进一步研究提供依据.结果表明,蒲公英提取物≤1mg/mL剂量范围内对巨噬细胞无细胞毒性作用.其在0.25～1 mg/mL浓度范围内对LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞分泌NO具有明显的抑制作用,且呈剂量和时间依赖关系.     

蒲公英对乌骨鸡生产性能和免疫作用的研究

为了研究蒲公英对乌骨鸡免疫功能的影响,试验采用单因子方差分析进行试验设计、分组,以拌料法和饮水法给乌骨鸡饲喂蒲公英,通过测定不同日龄乌骨鸡体重、抗NDV血清抗体效价、免疫器官(胸腺、脾脏、法氏囊)重量和指数,研究其对乌骨鸡增重和免疫功能的影响。结果表明:与对照组相比,2个试验组增重差异显著;蒲公英能促进乌骨鸡抗NDV抗体的产生;对乌骨鸡脾脏发育有一定的抑制作用,对法氏囊的影响因给药方式不同而有一定差异,对胸腺发育有一定的促进作用。说明蒲公英对乌骨鸡免疫功能具有一定影响。     

蒲公英提取物对LPS激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞炎症因子分泌的影响

采用MTT法检测蒲公英提取物对LPS激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞的毒性作用,并应用ELISA法测定蒲公英提取物对脂多糖LPS激活小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α、IL-6和IL-β的含量.结果表明,蒲公英提取物在≤1 mg/mL剂量范围内对巨噬细胞无细胞毒作用,对LPS刺激的小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞TNF-α,IL-6和IL-1β分泌具有明...     

蒲公英对肉鸡新城疫免疫效果的研究

为了研究蒲公英对肉鸡新城疫免疫效果的影响,试验采用蒲公英干燥粉按照不同比例拌料法饲喂,通过测定不同日龄抗NDV血清抗体效价及免疫器官指数测定,研究其对肉鸡新城疫免疫效果。结果表明:蒲公英2.0%饲料添加量可增强肉鸡新城疫免疫效果。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.