硫酸处理对饲用灌木及小冠花红豆草种子发芽率的影响

98%浓硫酸浸泡种子10min能极显著提高车桑子、银合欢和山毛豆的发芽率（P〈0.01）;对猪屎豆、木豆、金合欢和苦刺没有明显作用（P〉0.05）;对小冠花极显著降低发芽率（P〈0.01）;对柠条锦鸡儿、多花木兰和红豆草明显降低发芽率（P〈0.05）。说明对车桑子、银合欢和山毛豆种子有必要进行播前硫酸处理。     

基于生态治理的豆科灌木品种筛选研究

为筛选适宜贵州矿山治理、石漠化治理以及水土保持效果好的优良豆科灌木品种,通过对供试材料不同生育期的测定、生长速度、鲜草产量及抗逆性评价表明:多花木蓝、白刺花、木豆和羽叶决明的整个生育期及生长速度存在一定的差异,多花木蓝和白刺花的鲜草产量明显优于木豆和羽叶决明,抗逆性评价表现为白刺花可达10级、多花木蓝8级、羽叶决明6级和木豆5级。在贵州矿山治理、石漠化治理以及水土保持等方面可选用多花木蓝和白刺花作为参考品种。     

8种豆科灌木栽培种丛枝菌根真菌种类及分布

采集人工栽培决明(Cassia tora)、假木豆(Dendrolobium triangulare)、紫穗槐(Amorpha fruticosa)、白刺花(Sophora davidii)、猪屎豆(Crotalaria pallida)、多花木蓝(Indigofera amblyantha)、木豆(Cajanus cajan)和银合欢(Leucaena leucocephala)8种豆科灌木植物根际5-10、10-20和20-30 cm 3个土层的土样,研究其根际丛枝菌根(AM)真菌的侵染率、孢子密度、种类及多样性。结果表明,8种豆科灌木植物AM真菌侵染率普遍较高,最高的为猪屎豆,80.8%;土壤速效磷含量与侵染率呈显著负相关(r=-0.733,P=0.039);根际土壤中的AM真菌孢子主要分布于5-20 cm土层,5-10 cm土层猪屎豆孢子密度最大,为115.33个·10 g-1土壤;宿主植物种类与土壤层位对孢子密度交互效应影响显著(F=100.497,P0.001);AM真菌优势种枫香球囊霉(Glomus liquidambaris)、脆无梗囊霉(Acaulospora delicate)在8种豆科灌木植物的土壤中均有分布。本研究表明,喀斯特地区适生豆科灌木植物具有丰富的AM真菌资源,今后可以在喀斯特地区开展豆科灌木植物接种优势AM真菌和根瘤菌等相关研究,这将对农牧业生产和退化生态系统修复效应的影响具有重要意义。     

三种饲用灌木形态特征指标与单株产量回归分析

为了在不破坏石漠化草场脆弱植被的情况下定株连续观测灌木产量,试验对杭子梢[Campylotropis macrocarpa(Bunge)Rehd]、多花木兰(Indigofera amblyatha Craib)和白刺花(Sophcra viciifolia Benth)3种灌木形态特征指标进行了测定,并进行了灌木产量之间的相关性分析,建立各种灌木形态特征指标与灌木产量之间回归模型的方法。结果表明:灌木等级间株高和平均冠幅直径均存在显著差异(P0.05);灌木等级(x1)、株高(x2)和平均冠幅直径(x3)与产量(y)呈极显著相关(P0.01),回归模型:杭子梢y=-1 091.314+155.862x1+5.223x2+5.764x3;多花木兰y=-61.624-17.387x1+1.321x2+2.969x3;白刺花y=-172.292+5.491x1+1.024x2+3.588x3。说明通过测量灌木等级、株高和平均冠幅直径就能准确估测灌木单株鲜草产量。     

岩溶区“山毛豆+白花扁豆”藤-灌草地组合筛选及生产性能评定

山毛豆和白花扁豆分别是广西岩溶区适生的国家灌木和地方藤本牧草品种,为了探索适合岩溶区种植利用的"山毛豆+白花扁豆"藤-灌草地组合密度,种植了山毛豆和白花扁豆单播及混播组合共7个处理,进行了株高、数量、生物产量及相对总生物量的评定。研究结果表明,混播组合高度低于单播山毛豆株高(P0.01);混播组合藤长长于单播白花扁豆(P0.05);混播组合生物产量和相对总生物量均高于单播(P0.01);藤灌草地白花扁豆数量大于单播(P0.01),山毛豆数量小于单播(P0.01),山毛豆/白花扁豆比例均大于1;综合分析,各处理以AB4综合生生性能最佳,生物产量显著高于其他处理(P0.01),为26 777.78 kg/hm2,相对总生物量(RYV)达到2.02(P0.01),山毛豆/白花扁豆比例1.96∶1(P0.01),是岩溶区建植藤灌草地的较佳种植利用方式,为广西及西南八省石漠化治理和恢复植被提供了科学依据。     

山毛豆草粉颗粒料对肉兔的饲用价值评定

为探讨山毛豆(Tephrosia candida)草粉对肉兔的饲用价值,将60只新西兰青年肉兔分为5组,分别添加0％(对照),10％,20％,30％和40％的山毛豆草粉制成全价颗粒饲料,饲喂90 d后测定各组饲料的营养成分及肉兔采食量、日增重、料重比和屠宰性能.结果表明:山毛豆营养生长期粗蛋白含量为17.77％,肉兔对山毛豆中粗蛋白的消化率为78.09％,山毛豆的可消化总养分为56.18％.与对照组相比,添加20％草粉日增重达到20.80 g·d-1(P＜0.01);料重比为4.45∶ 1(P＜0.05)；屠宰率为57.78％(P＜0.01)；单位kg增重平均最低饲料成本差异显著(P＜0.05).因此,添加20％山毛豆草粉制成全价颗粒饲料可显著提高肉兔的生产性能和养殖效益.     

四种南方豆科灌木饲料在华南地区的比较试验

为了筛选适宜南方种植的优质豆科灌木饲料品种,本研究采用完全随机区组设计,对圆叶舞草(Codariocaiyx gyroides)、山毛豆(Tephrosia candida)、多花木兰(Indigofera amblyatha)和木豆(Cajanus indica)4种豆科灌木饲料在华南地区进行了比较试验。结果表明,4种豆科灌木均能在华南地区栽培种植,其中圆叶舞草耐寒性能突出,鲜草产量高,耐刈性好,年可刈割3~4次,再生性能强,年可产干草11.60t·hm~(-2),较其它品种分别提高了14.74%~37.78%,且叶量丰富,蛋白质含量高。综合比较分析,圆叶舞草是适宜我国华南地区种植的优质豆科灌木。     

紫花苜蓿对九种杂草的化感作用

试验运用生物测定法研究了紫花苜蓿叶化感物质对九种受体植物的作用.结果表明,紫花苜蓿叶提取物对多变小冠花的发芽势和发芽率具有抑制作用,与对照差异显著(P＜0.05);提取物对高羊茅种子的发芽势有促进作用,与对照差异显著(P＜0.05),其最终发芽率也增加(P＜0.05);除狗尾草外,其余八种受体植物的胚根长度都受到紫花苜蓿叶提取物的抑制,与对照的差异均显著(P＜0.05);提取物对稗草、狗尾草、高羊茅、毛马唐和多变小冠花的苗长具有促进作用,与对照差异均显著(P＜0.05);反枝苋的苗长则受到抑制(P＜0.05);提取物对受体植物的幼苗鲜重均有不同程度的影响,虎尾草、匍匐翦股颖、巴哈雀稗、反枝苋和多变小冠花幼苗鲜重明显降低,与对照差异达显著水平(P＜0.05).     

矮壮素对紫花苜蓿种子产量及产量构成因子的影响

本文采用植物生长调节剂矮壮素，分别配制500、800、1000 mg/L 3 种浓度于现蕾期和盛花期分别对紫花苜蓿种子田进行叶面喷施，成熟期测定不同处理对种子产量及产量构成因子（每平方米生殖枝数、结荚花序数/生殖枝、荚果数/结荚花序、种子/荚果数）影响，并进行相关分析和逐步回归分析。结果表明：喷施矮壮素（500 mg/L）处理种子产量比对照提高17.10%（P ＞ 0.05），结荚花序数/生殖枝显著高于对照（P ＜ 0.05）。其他处理没有显著提高种子产量及各产量构成因子（P ＞ 0.05）。各产量构成因子与种子产量均呈正相关，结荚花序数/生殖枝、种子/荚果数与种子产量存在显著正相关（P ＜ 0.05）。喷施矮壮素种子产量与各产量构成因子的逐步回归方程为：Y=16.3535+1.0601X2+3.0810X3（R2=0.7139，F=7.49*，Y为种子产量，X2为结荚花序数/生殖枝，X3为荚果数/结荚花序）。 [关键词] 紫花苜蓿|矮壮素|种子产量|产量构成因子     

喀斯特地区白刺花营养物质和酚类物质的含量动态

以贵州喀斯特地区饲用灌木白刺花(Sophora davidii)为研究对象,探讨其不同生育期常规营养物质和酚类物质的含量变化趋势。结果表明,粗蛋白在营养期、开花期、结荚期显著高于成熟期(P 0.05),无氮浸出物、粗灰分和粗脂肪含量随白刺花生育期延长而降低(P 0.05);干物质、粗纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维和钙含量随生育期延长而升高(P 0.05);单宁含量在白刺花各生育时期内差异不显著(P 0.05),但有降低的趋势,其他酚类物质随着生育期延长而降低(P 0.05)。开花期和结荚期单宁含量较营养期低,且这两个生育期粗蛋白含量和饲料相对值高,具有较好的饲喂价值。综合考虑,建议白刺花的最佳利用时期为开花期到结荚期。本研究可为白刺花在贵州喀斯特山地畜牧业中的高效利用提供重要的理论支撑。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.