大肠杆菌MM—3基因工程活菌苗免疫母猪所产仔猪抗K_(88ac)及抗LTB抗体动态

应用BA-ELISA,分别检测了用大肠杆菌MM-3基因工程活菌苗免疫妊娠92d母猪所产仔猪血清和消化液中抗K_(88ac)及抗LTB抗体的动态消长.结果表明,新生仔猪在吃初乳后24h内,血清及消化液中抗K_(88ac)及抗LTB抗体水平均很高,但以后逐渐下降,1周后IgM、2～3周后IgA、3～4周后IgG分别下降到最低水平;仔猪35日龄时,抗体水平有所回升.消化液中抗体水平比血清中抗体水平下降快,并与母体乳汁中的抗体水平呈正相关关系.     

接种仔猪副伤寒-大肠杆菌腹泻双价基因工程菌苗妊娠母猪的抗体应答

应用仔猪副伤寒-大肠杆菌腹泻双价基因工程活苗口服和肌注接种妊娠母猪,用间接 BA-ELISA 监测其血清及乳清中对猪霍乱沙门氏菌、大肠杆菌 K88ac、LT-B 三种抗原的 IgG、IgA、IgM 型抗体应答.结果,在其血清及乳清中均可形成对这三种抗原较高水平的抗体反应。这提示,接种本菌苗妊娠母猪的仔猪通过吮乳可获得相应的被动保护抗体.     

皮下注射鸭瘟弱毒苗诱导鸭局部黏膜和系统免疫中IgA、IgM和IgG的发生规律

为探讨鸭瘟弱毒苗诱导鸭局部黏膜和系统免疫中抗体发生的规律,将鸭瘟病毒Cha株弱毒苗皮下注射免疫20日龄樱桃谷鸭后60 d内定时随机剖杀5只鸭,采集血清、胆汁、气管和消化道(食道、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和直肠)分泌液,应用间接ELISA检测抗DPV的IgA、IgM和IgG滴度(以Log10表示).结果表明:①血清:抗体滴度由高到低为IgG、IgM和IgA,相应的检测到的时间段分别为免疫后6～60,3～15,12～36 d.②胆汁:抗体滴度由高到低为IgA、IgG和IgM,相应的检测到的时间段分别为免疫后9～21,15～27,3～12 d.③分泌液:气管和消化道分泌液中抗体滴度由高到低均为IgA、IgM和IgG,其中IgA抗体滴度由高到低为十二指肠、食道、气管、空肠、盲肠、回肠和直肠,相应的检测到IgA的时间段分别为免疫后3～60,9～60,3～60,9～60,12～60,12～27,6～36d;IgM由高到低为气管、食道、十二指肠、空肠、盲肠、直肠和回肠,相应的检测到IgM的时间段分别为免疫后3～12,6～15,3～12,6～12,9～12,6～9,6～9 d;IgG由高到低为食道、十二指肠、气管、空肠、盲肠、直肠和回肠,相应的检测到IgG的时间段分别为免疫后9～36,12～27,6～36,9～36,12～36,9～21,15～21 d.综上,鸭瘟弱毒疫苗皮下免疫鸭后,IgM和IgG分别是系统免疫中体液免疫的先锋抗体和主要抗体;IgA是气管、消化道和胆汁中的主要抗体.     

BA—ELISA检测IgG IgA IgM型抗LT抗体

用自制IgG型兔抗猪IgG、IgA、IgM型抗体,建立BA-ELISA检测乳清和血清中IgG、IgA、IgM型抗LT抗体的方法,经临床应用表明,BA-ELISA方法不仅灵敏度高、重复性好,而且可分别检测IgG、IgA、IgM型抗体,该法可作为评价能表达LT的大肠杆菌菌苗免疫效果和研究大肠杆菌免疫机理的方法之一。     

口服鸭瘟弱毒苗诱导鸭局部黏膜和系统免疫中IgA、IgM和IgG发生规律研究

为探讨鸭瘟弱毒苗诱导鸭局部黏膜和系统免疫中抗体发生的规律,本研究将鸭瘟病毒Cha株弱毒苗经口免疫20日龄樱桃谷鸭,60 d内定时随机剖杀5只鸭,采集血清、胆汁、气管和消化道(食道、十二指肠、空肠、回肠、盲肠和直肠)分泌液,应用间接ELISA检测抗DPV的IgAI、gM和IgG滴度(以Log10表示)。结果表明:①血清中检测到IgA、IgM和IgG的时间段分别为9-36、3-15和9-60天,滴度由高到低为IgG、IgM和IgA;②胆汁中检测到IgAI、gM和IgG的时间段分别为6-15、9-12和12-36天,滴度由高到低为IgA、IgG和IgM;③气管中检测到IgA、IgM和IgG的时间段分别为6-60、3-12和9-27天,滴度由高到低为IgAI、gM和IgG;④食道中检测到IgAI、gM和IgG的时间段分别为3-60、3-27和9-60天,滴度由高到低为IgA、IgM和IgG;⑤各肠段抗体滴度由高到低及相应检测到的时间段:十二指肠中为IgA(3-60天)I、gM(3-15天)和IgG(9-27天);空肠中为IgA(6-60天)I、gM(6-12天)和IgG(9-36天);回肠中为IgA(9-60天)、IgM(6-9天)和IgG(15-21天);盲肠中为IgA(6-60天)I、gG(12-36天)和IgM(6天);直肠中为IgA(3-60天)I、gG(12-21天)和IgM(6天)。结果显示,鸭瘟弱毒疫苗经口免疫鸭后,IgM和IgG分别是系统免疫中体液免疫的先锋抗体和主要抗体;IgA、IgG和IgM在胆汁中存留时间短;IgA是气管和消化道中的主要抗体。     

抗猪瘟免疫球蛋白在猪初乳中变化规律研究

以猪瘟弱毒疫苗免疫空怀母猪,待母猪分娩后,分别收集10d内的乳汁,以建立的间接ELISA法检测猪瘟IgA、IgG、IgM水平,并观察各种抗体动态变化规律。试验结果表明,猪初乳中的IgA、IgG、IgM抗体效价均在分娩当天达到最高值,随后迅速下降,7d后抗体水平与常乳基本一致(>0.05)。对照组母猪仅在分娩当天检测到较低的抗体水平。     

猪病毒性腹泻(PED)疫苗免疫后母猪乳汁中PEDV IgA消长动态

为了解猪病毒性腹泻(PED)疫苗免疫后母猪乳汁中IgA抗体消长规律,筛选100头妊娠母猪,平均分为5组(4个试验组和1个对照组),采用"猪流行性腹泻病毒(PEDV)-猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)-猪轮状病毒(PoRV)三联弱毒疫苗"(PTR)和"PEDV-TGEV二联灭活疫苗"(PT)进行不同的免疫。其中,试验Ⅰ组产前40d和产前20d免疫PTR,试验Ⅱ组产前40d和产前20d免疫PT,试验Ⅲ组产前40d免疫PTR和产前20d免疫PT,试验Ⅳ组产前40d免疫PT和产前20d免疫PTR,对照组产前40d和产前20d注射生理盐水。通过PEDV IgA抗体检测试剂盒分别检测母猪分娩后0,1,2,3,5,7,10,14d各组乳汁中特异性PEDV IgA抗体水平。结果显示,试验组IgA水平明显高于对照组,其中试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组与试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间差异极显著(P<0.01),而试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ组间以及试验Ⅲ、Ⅳ组间差异不显著(P<0.05)。结果表明,产前40d和产前20d交替使用PTR和PT的抗体滴度明显优于单一接种PTR或PT的抗体滴度。其中只注射PTR母猪分娩后10d乳汁对仔猪没有保护力,注射PT母猪分娩后7d乳汁对仔猪没有保护力。通过本试验基本上了解了PEDV母源抗体消长规律,为今后规模化猪场制定免疫程序提供理论支持。     

猪乳中抗猪瘟IgA、IgG、IgM抗体动态变化规律研究

以猪瘟弱毒疫苗免疫空怀母猪,待母猪分娩后,分别收集10 d内的乳汁,以建立的间接ELISA方法检测猪瘟IgA、IgG、IgM水平,并观察各种抗体动态变化规律。试验结果表明,猪初乳中的IgA、IgG、IgM抗体效价均在分娩当天达到最高值,随后迅速下降,7 d后抗体水平与常乳基本一致。对照组母猪仅在分娩当天检测到较低的抗体水平。     

LT粘膜佐剂对鸡新城疫疫苗的免疫增强作用研究

研究大肠杆菌热敏性肠毒素突变体蛋白(heat-labile enterotoxin,LTRG)对鸡新城疫(Newcastle disease virus,NDV)疫苗经不同途径接种效果的影响.以NDV LaSota株作为共免疫原,与LTRG重组蛋白经滴鼻、口服及肌肉注射三种途径接种雏鸡,通过血清IgG抗体、HI抗体及粘膜分泌型IgA抗体水平变化,评价不同途径接种LTRG对NDV疫苗的免疫效果的影响.结果显示:①三种途径接种,LTRG均能显著增强NDV疫苗的免疫抗体水平,免疫雏鸡血清抗体和粘膜抗体水平均高于NDV疫苗单独免疫组;②LTRG对NDV疫苗免疫增强作用,以滴鼻接种最显著:二、三免后LTRG+NDV滴鼻组与NDV组血清IgG、粘膜IgA差异均显著(P＜0.01、P＜0.05);LTRG+NDV口服与NDV组血清IgG差异不显著(P＞0.05)、粘膜IgA差异板显著(P＜0.01);LTRG+NDV肌注与NDV组IgG差异不显著(P＞0.05)、粘膜IgA差异显著(P＜0.05);③三种免疫途径比较:血清IgG抗体水平差异均不明显(P＞0.05);滴鼻、口服免疫可诱导雏鸡产生较高的粘膜IgA抗体、血清HI抗体.由此可见:LTRG粘膜佐剂对NDV疫苗免疫增强作用,以粘膜(滴鼻、口服)途径接种效果最为显著,能诱导高水平的粘膜IgA抗体及血清抗体.     

猪流行性腹泻灭活疫苗的临床免疫效果评价

为防控猪流行性腹泻,筛选可靠的免疫方式,研究采用与猪流行性腹泻病毒毒株序列同源性最高的猪流行性腹泻灭活疫苗进行紧急免疫,于产前30、15 d分别免疫妊娠母猪,并检测免疫前后母猪的血清和初乳中猪流行性腹泻病毒中和抗体及免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)特异性抗体.结果表明,免疫后母猪的血清和初乳均产生高水平且...     

Protective effect of immunoglobulins in serum and milk of sows exposed to transmissible gastroenteritis virus.

Experimental exposure of susceptible pregnant sows by various routes to the gut-origin transmissible gastroenteritis virus stimulated production of milk and serum antibodies. These antibodies neutralized the cytopathic effect of transmissible gastroenteritis virus propagated in cell culture. This in vitro neutralizing antibody resided in the IgG and IgA immunoglobulin classes. On the other hand, protection for baby pigs resided in the IgA class of milk immunoglobulin of sows exposed orally or intramammarily but not of sows exposed intramuscularly to the virus.     

MM—3基因工程活菌苗免疫妊娠母猪外周血T细胞和B细胞动态

以MM-3基因工程活菌苗口服和肌注免疫妊娠92d母猪各5头,然后应用SPA菌体与B淋巴细胞SmIg粘附试验、E玫瑰花环形成试验、PHA诱导T淋巴细胞转化试验及ANAE染色试验进行了检测.结果表明,MM-3活菌苗免疫妊娠母猪,可同时激发细胞免疫和体液免疫功能;T淋巴细胞参与了B淋巴细胞的分化与增殖;外周血中B淋巴细胞百分率不论口服或肌注免疫均高于对照组(P<0.01),而口服免疫组又高于肌注组(P<0.05).本试验还对MM-3活菌苗的免疫效果进行了观察.     

Induction of lactogenic immunity to transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine using an attenuated coronavirus mutant able to survive in the physicochemical environment of the digestive tract.

A transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE) coronavirus mutant (188-SG), selected as attenuated and resistant to acidity and proteases of the digestive tract of adult pigs, was used as vaccine ("Nouzilly strain") in sows to protect suckling piglets against a challenge exposure carried out with a highly virulent TGEV strain. The pregnant sows were immunized once (42-49 days before farrowing) or twice (42-49 and 7-15 days before farrowing) by the oral, intramuscular or conjunctival route with the 188-SG strain. Sows exposed to virulent TGEV in the field and experimentally infected sows (two oral inoculations during pregnancy) were used as positive controls leading to high protection. The neutralizing antibody response to vaccination and/or infection was studied in serum and milk. No protection against mortality was observed in the litters of (1) the nine seronegative, susceptible sows, with piglet mortality of 65/70, (2) the seven once orally vaccinated sows, with mortality of 44/54, (3) the seven sows vaccinated twice by the conjunctival route, with mortality of 55/76. Moderate protection was observed in (1) the eight sows vaccinated intramuscularly twice with piglet mortality of 36/90, (2) the seven orally and intramuscularly vaccinated sows with piglet mortality of 31/51. In of 3 contrast, improved protection was observed in (1) the 10 sows vaccinated twice orally, with piglet mortality of 23/95, (2) the four naturally infected sows with piglet mortality of 6/41, (3) the six sows experimentally infected with virulent TGEV with piglet mortality of 1/59. No correlation was found between neutralizing antibodies titers in serum and milk and protection rate of the piglets. The results indicate that relative protective lactogenic immunity against TGEV is induced only by repeated ingestion of the attenuated 188-SG strain of TGEV.     

An evaluation in pigs of Nobi-Vac AR and an experimental atrophic rhinitis vaccine containing P multocida DNT-toxoid and B bronchiseptica

The trial involved eight large white sows obtained from a closed experimental specific pathogen free herd. Four sows (two each for an experimental vaccine and for Nobi-Vac AR) were vaccinated twice (eight weeks and two weeks before parturition) with 2 ml of vaccine administered intramuscularly. Two unvaccinated sows were used as an infected control group and two unvaccinated sows served as an uninfected control group. Forty-six piglets (28 from vaccinated sows and 18 from unvaccinated sows) were challenged by intranasal instillation of Bordetella bronchiseptica at two days of age and Pasteurella multocida type D, dermonecrotic toxin at seven days of age. Among the infected control group some piglets died and there were clinical signs of pneumonia and severe turbinate atrophy. In the vaccinated groups the results showed that immunisation of the pregnant sows had provided a good level of antibodies, which were transmitted to their offspring. There was a significant reduction in the clinical signs and no lesions were observed in the group vaccinated with the experimental vaccine and only moderate atrophy of the turbinates in the Nobi-Vac AR group. B bronchiseptica and P multocida were never recovered from the lungs of the vaccinated groups and in the nasal cavities their frequency declined with age.     

Oral immunization of sows: anti-K88 antibodies in serum and milk of the sow and in serum of the piglets

Pregnant sows were immunized by oral application of live E. coli. The effect of immunization was demonstrated by measuring the titers of anti-K88 antibodies in sow serum, colostrum and milk as well as in piglet sera using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. The isotype involved in anti-K88 reactivity was found to be IgA. By comparing IgA-titers in colostrum and milk, the local production of this Ig-class in the mammary gland is suggested.     

The protective effect of two porcine enterovirus vaccines in swine.

The virus neutralizing substance in the gastrointestinal tract of swine vaccinated in different ways with porcine enterovirus strain T80 was characterized by tests for enhancement and absorption of virus neutralizing activity by class specific antiporcine Ig antisera. The gastrointestinal virus neutralizing activity of piglets which were vaccinated with live virus orally resided predominantly in the IgA class, although some activity was present also in the IgM and IgG classes. The serum virus neutralizing activity of this group was present in all three classes but primarily in the IgG class. The IgA in the serum of this group was presumably of gut origin. However, in piglets vaccinated with live virus intramuscularly, with formaldehyde-inactivated virus orally or intramuscularly or with ethylenimine-inactivated virus by both oral and subcutaneous routes, both serum and gastrointestinal virus neutralizing activity were attributable predominantly to antibodies of the IgG and IgM classes. None possessed serum IgA. There was evidence also for the presence of Ig fragments in some gastrointestinal extracts.     

Protection of the nursing pig against experimentally induced enteric colibacillosis by vaccination of dam with fimbrial antigens of E coli (K88, K99 and 987P)

Pregnant gilts were vaccinated with two doses of alhydrogel adsorbed fimbrial antigens of Escherichia coli (K88ab, K88ac, K99 and 987P) supplemented with beta toxoid of Clostridium perfringens type C. Their piglets, and piglets of nonvaccinated gilts, were subsequently orogastrically challenged with one or other of the four fimbrial types of enteropathogenic E coli. Some of the vaccinated animals were reinjected with a single dose of the vaccine during second gestation and their piglets, and piglets of non-vaccinated sows, were challenged the same way as were litters of gilts. Blood serum and colostra were examined for antibodies to the four fimbrial antigens of E coli and for antitoxin to beta toxin of C perfringens type C. It was found that: (1) a highly significant reduction in mortality and morbidity was achieved in vaccinated litters against all four challenge strains of E coli; (2) excretion of K88ab and K88ac but not of K99 and 987P challenge strains was significantly reduced; (3) revaccination of sows by a single dose of the vaccine during second gestation conferred complete protection against mortality and highly significant protection against morbidity; (4) no correlation was noted between colostral or seroagglutinins to fimbrial antigens of E coli and mortality rates in litters challenged with homologous fimbrial types of E coli, but good correlation was found between colostral precipitins to K88 antigens and mortality rates in litters; (5) antitoxin value in 97 per cent of colostrum of vaccinated sows was 10 iu equivalent of C perfringens type C toxin or more per ml of colostrum.     

Active oral immunization of suckling piglets to prevent colonization after weaning by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli with fimbriae F18

Immunoprophylaxis of porcine oedema disease and post-weaning diarrhoea caused by strains of Escherichia coli expressing fimbriae F18 is an unsolved problem. The study was designed to examine whether vaccination with a live F18ac vaccine of unweaned pigs born to sows with F18ac antibody in the colostrum requires preformed fimbriae in the vaccine, and whether protection against the heterologous fimbrial variant F18ab is induced as well. Genetically susceptible pigs were vaccinated orally on three consecutive days, beginning 10 days before weaning with 10(11) CFU of an F18ac culture. Challenge with a dose of 10(7) CFU of E. coli F18 on three consecutive days was initiated 9 or 11 days after weaning. Eighteen pigs given the fimbriated F18ac vaccine and challenged with a strain of the homologous fimbrial variant were protected against colonization; mean faecal viable counts of the challenge strain were >3 log10 lower than those from the 17 non-vaccinated control pigs. The vaccinated pigs developed a significant rise of F18ac IgA serum antibodies. The 23 pigs which had received the non-fimbriated vaccine showed no significant protection and exhibited much lower serum F18ac IgA ELISA reactivities. Eighteen pigs vaccinated with the fimbriated F18ac and challenged with an F18ab strain had faecal viable counts nearly as high as those from 16 non-vaccinated control pigs. It is concluded that only oral vaccines having preformed fimbriae induce protection limited to the homologous fimbrial variant.     

Effect of the route of administration on the mucosal and systemic immune responses to Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine in pigs

In an on‐farm study, 40 weaned piglets aged 3 weeks were vaccinated with Lawsonia intracellularis vaccine orally, IM or IP while a fourth group remained unvaccinated. All vaccinated animals showed increased serum levels of L. intracellularis‐specific IgG antibodies, but significantly elevated concentrations of specific IgG, IgA and cytokines were generated in ileal mucosal secretions from the orally and IP vaccinated pigs when examined at 17 days after vaccination.     

mRNA from porcine colostral and milk cells coding for specific antibodies in response to orally administered Escherichia coli strains

The effect of feeding live $\text{Escherichia coli}$ bacteria to sows on the lymphocyte populations in colostrum and milk was studied by $\text{in ovo}$ translation of the mRNA of these cells (Kortbeek-Jacobs and van der Donk, 1978). Four $\text{E. coli}$ strains were tested: one wild type K88 producing strain, two conjugated K12 strains producing K88 antigen and one wild type K12 strain. Only after feeding the wild type K88 bacteria, colostral lymphocytes contained mRNA coding for anti-K88 antibodies, predominantly of the IgA and IgM isotypes. Milk lymphocytes of the sows receiving one of the other strains were capable of producing more anti-K88 antibodies than the sows that were fed the wild type K88 strain. Antibodies were predominantly of the IgM class. The reactivity of the milk lymphocytes is ascribed to the strain with which the piglets were challenged. The results support the phenomenon of sensitized gut lymphocytes that home to the mammary gland.