猪附红细胞体对仔猪猪瘟免疫效果的影响

为探讨猪附红细胞体对仔猪猪瘟免疫效果的影响，本试验利用猪瘟抗体检测ELISA试剂盒，对已注射猪瘟疫苗的69头感染猪附红细胞体的仔猪和31头无猪附红细胞体感染的健康仔猪进行了猪瘟抗体检测．结果表明，感染猪附红细胞体仔猪的猪瘟抗体水平低下，其猪瘟疫苗整体免疫合格率（49．2％）明显低于健康仔猪（93．5％），且显性感染仔猪的免疫合格率（41．6％）明显低于隐性感染仔猪（53．5％）、说明，猪附红细胞体严重干扰了猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果，且干扰程度随着猪附红细胞体感染程度的加深而更为明显。     

猪附红细胞体感染对仔猪猪瘟免疫效果的影响

为探讨猪附红细胞体对仔猪猪瘟免疫效果的影响,本试验利用猪瘟抗体检测ELISA试剂盒,对已注射猪瘟疫苗的69头感染猪附红细胞体的仔猪和31头无猪附红细胞体感染的健康仔猪进行了猪瘟抗体检测。结果表明,感染猪附红细胞体仔猪的猪瘟抗体水平低下,其猪瘟疫苗整体免疫合格率(49·2%)明显低于健康仔猪(93·5%),且显性感染仔猪的免疫合格率(41·6%)明显低于隐性感染仔猪(53·5%)。说明猪附红细胞体严重干扰了猪瘟疫苗的免疫效果,且干扰程度与猪附红细胞体的感染程度呈正相关。     

羊附红细胞体双抗体夹心ELISA诊断方法的建立

为快速准确诊断和检测羊附红细胞体病,及时采取防治措施,建立了检测羊附红细胞体抗原的双抗夹心ELISA诊断方法。选取规模化养殖场羊,镜检附红细胞体红细胞感染率> 90%,无菌采取血液,分离羊附红细胞体抗原,制备纯化兔抗羊附红细胞体抗体,应用辣根过氧化物酶标记抗体,进行双抗体夹心ELISA试验。试验结果表明,双抗体夹心ELISA方法的最佳工作条件为:抗体最佳包被量为82.91 μg/mL,酶标抗体最适工作浓度为1∶400,抗原最低检出量为7.81 μg/mL;而且与支原体、大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌以及牛、猪、兔附红细胞体均不出现交叉反应,表明该方法具有良好的特异性,可用于羊附红细胞体病的诊断和群体检测。     

不同佐剂对猪附红细胞体亚单位疫苗免疫效果的影响

为比较不同佐剂的猪附红细胞体亚单位疫苗的免疫效果,笔者通过试验提取猪附红细胞体抗原,并将其分别与白油佐剂、弗氏佐剂、明矾佐剂及铝胶佐剂混合,免疫小鼠。应用间接ELISA方法比较不同佐剂的猪附红细胞体亚单位疫苗的免疫效果。结果表明：白油佐剂组免疫效果最好,抗体水平在一周后有明显上升,其次为与弗氏佐剂组、铝胶佐剂组和明矾佐剂组。该试验为猪附红细胞体亚单位疫苗的研究提供了可靠的理论依据,为该病的防治奠定了一定的基础。     

疑似兔附红细胞体病的诊治

近几年对附红细胞体病的报道多见于猪、牛、犬等，而在实际生产中，常因猪大面积感染附红细胞体病而波及到兔．致使兔发生疑似附红细胞体病。     

不同佐剂对猪附红细胞体亚单位疫苗免疫效果的影响

为比较不同佐剂的猪附红细胞体亚单位疫苗的免疫效果,本试验提取猪附红细胞体抗原,并将其分别与白油佐剂、弗氏佐剂、明矾佐剂及铝胶佐剂混合,免疫小鼠。应用间接ELISA方法比较不同佐剂的猪附红细胞体亚单位疫苗的免疫效果。结果表明:白油佐剂组免疫效果最好,抗体水平在一周后有明显上升,其次为弗氏佐剂组、铝胶佐剂组和明矾佐剂组。该试验为猪附红细胞体亚单位疫苗的研究提供了可靠的理论依据,为该病的防治奠定了一定的基础。     

疑似兔附红细胞体病的诊治

近几年对附红细胞体病的报道多见于猪、牛、犬等。而对兔的感染报道还没有过。2001年我县猪大面积传染附红细胞体病,而且波及到兔,特以报告。1 病情 2001年6月至9月,我县50％左右的猪感染了附红细胞体病,兔的发病多见于猪患附红细胞体病的养兔户。单户发病率达60％左右,其中老龄兔占65％(刚产后的母兔感染率100％),青年兔占30％,幼兔占5％,死亡率25％左右。     

文摘

9313酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测猪附红细胞体抗体的评价/Frank．s．Hsu等//Am．J．Vet．Res,1992,53(3):352—354为检测猪附红细胞体抗体,试验和建立了一种ELISA,其结果与间接血凝试验(IHA)进行了比较。从严重感染猪附红细胞体(Es)的猪采集血样制备Es抗原用于两种试验。比较ELISA与IHA,发现两者结果显著相关(P＜0.001)。在Es感染的9头猪采集的     

兔抗猪附红细胞体阳性血清的制备研究

猪附红细胞体寄生于红细胞表面或游离于血浆、组织液及脑脊液中,引起猪发热、溶血性贫血和黄疽等主要症状。本试验用猪附红细胞体抗原和弗氏佐剂乳化制备免疫原,免疫试验兔,并通过酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)检测血清的效价,当测得血清的OD值与阴性对照组的血清值之比(P/N)分别为8.02(P/N﹥2.1)、7.16(P/N﹥2.1),采集兔血分离阳性血清。本试验为进一步研究猪附红细胞体的粘附阻抑以及该病的诊断、治疗提供了试验材料,并探索出了兔抗猪附红细胞体阳性血清的制备方法。     

猪附红细胞体对不同宿主红细胞的体外感染试验

为证实猪附红细胞体能否感染其它宿主红细胞,本试验在猪附红细胞体体外培养的基础上,进行了猪附红细胞体体外感染家兔、昆明小白鼠、犬、羊、牛及人的健康红细胞。结果表明,将感染猪附红细胞体的阳性血液体外感染家兔、昆明小白鼠、犬、羊、牛及人的健康红细胞,均可不同程度的感染,其中以兔和昆明小白鼠红细胞的感染率最高,分别达45.0%和40.3%;人红细胞的感染率为30.0%,呈现轻度感染;而对其它宿主红细胞,呈现一过性感染。     

Evaluation of a novel enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological diagnosis of porcine proliferative enteropathy

A specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to the porcine pathogen Lawsonia intracellularis was developed and evaluated using sera from na?ve, naturally infected as well as experimentally infected pigs. On the basis of 37 serum samples collected from experimentally infected pigs and 62 serum samples from naturally infected pigs the sensitivity of the ELISA was calculated to 98.0%. The specificity of the test was 99.3%, calculated on the basis of 273 serum samples collected in six herds free of L. intracellularis after medicated eradication. The novel ELISA was a specific and sensitive method for detecting specific antibodies, and may be a good alternative to the existing serological tests for L. intracellularis. It may be usable for diagnosis of proliferative enteropathy and for determination of a herd's epidemiologic status.     

Isolation of a 14 kDa antigen from Taenia solium cyst fluid by HPLC and its evaluation in enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of porcine cysticercosis

A fraction with a major band of 14kDa was obtained from crude cyst fluid of Taenia solium cysticerci by 2-step chromatography. A first fraction isolated by gel filtration (Sephacryl S-300 high resolution) was purified using an anion exchange column (Mono Q HR 5/5) on high performance liquid chromatography. Evaluation of the analytic sensitivity of this fraction (F3) was carried out in an antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Ab-ELISA-F3) using serum samples from pigs experimentally infected with different doses of T. solium eggs. The cross-reactivity of F3 was evaluated with serum samples from pigs that were naturally or experimentally infected with Taenia hydatigena, Taenia saginata asiatica, Fasciola hepatica, Trichinella spiralis, Metastrongylus apri, Trypanosoma congolense and Sarcoptes scabiei, and with serum samples of rabbits hyper-immunised with metacestode cyst fluid of T. hydatigena and T. solium. Antibody titres of lightly or heavily infected pigs differed in their kinetics. However, the increase in F3-specific antibodies could not be related to the infection level. Analysis of the specificity of the F3 showed that serum samples of pigs infected with other parasites did not recognise this antigen. Cross-reaction with T. hydatigena occurred in ELISA using cyst fluid as antigen, but the F3 antigen fraction was not recognized by rabbit hyper-immune serum samples to T. hydatigena. Evaluation of the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the Ab-ELISA-F3 was done by a non-parametric receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis using 66 serum samples from Zambian village pigs. The total number of cysticerci of these pigs was determined by dissection (28 pigs harboured T. solium cysticerci and 38 were negative at dissection). In addition, 58 serum samples from Cameroonian pigs (28 pigs from cysticercosis-free farms and 30 pigs with cysticerci at tongue inspection) were used in a separate ROC analysis. The results from the ROC analysis yielded a low diagnostic value (area under ROC curve=0.48) with the sera from the Zambian pigs while a relatively high diagnostic value was obtained with the sera from Cameroonian pigs (area under ROC curve=0.78). The main factor contributing to a low diagnostic value based on the Zambian serum samples seemed to be the false-positive reactions that were likely caused by the occurrence of transient antibodies in the non-infected animals.     

Evaluation of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serological surveillance of infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 in pig herds

An indirect enzyme-linked immunoassay for serological surveillance of infection of pigs with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (Ap) serotype 5 was developed. The antigen used was prepared from Ap serotype 5b strain L20. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis showed that the antigen contained high molecular weight lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and presumably also capsular polysaccharide (CP). The Ap serotype 5 ELISA was tested using sera from pigs experimentally infected with the 12 different Ap serotypes of biotype 1 and with sera from herds naturally infected with Ap serotypes 5, 6, 7 and 12. Cross-reactions were shown in one pig from a herd naturally infected with Ap serotype 7 and in one pig from a herd naturally infected with Ap serotype 12. The herd sensitivities of the Ap5 ELISA and a complement fixation test (CFT) were both estimated to 1.0, on the basis of serum samples from six herds naturally infected with Ap serotype 5. The herd specificities of both tests were estimated to 0.98, based on serum samples from 123 pig herds (10 samples from each herd) from the Danish specific pathogen-free (SPF) programme for pig production.     

Evaluation of tongue inspection and serology for diagnosis of Taenia solium cysticercosis in swine: usefulness of ELISA using purified glycoproteins and recombinant antigen

Evaluation of serology using glycoproteins (GPs) purified by preparative isoelectric focusing (pH 8.8) and recombinant chimeric antigen (RecTs) of Taenia solium was carried out using (1) blood samples on filter papers from pigs infected with different doses of eggs of T. solium in Mexico, (2) serum samples from pigs found infected naturally in Vietnam and Ecuador and (3) serum samples from pigs suspected to be infected with T. solium by tongue inspection in Tanzania. Antibody responses (IgG) were detectable in experimentally infected pigs confirmed harbouring 16 or more cysts at necropsy from 30 days after egg inoculation. One of three pigs naturally infected and harbouring 2.5 cysts/kg muscle and most of pigs harbouring=5.0 cysts/kg were also seropositive by ELISA. Although pigs may be infected with other taeniid species such as Taenia hydatigena, pigs harbouring this parasite were negative in ELISA. Approximately, 76 and 78% of sera from pigs having nodule(s) in the tongue (positive tongue inspection) were serologically positive by both ELISA and immunoblot, respectively. Furthermore, approximately 34 and 18% of sera from pigs having no nodules in the tongue (negative tongue inspection) were also seropositive by ELISA and immunoblot, respectively. ELISA using the two antigens was more sensitive than immunoblot and reliable for differentiation of pigs infected with cysticerci of T. solium from those either uninfected or infected with other taeniid species. Pigs without nodule by tongue inspection should be checked serologically in endemic areas.     

Development and validation of a SYBR green real-time PCR for the quantification of porcine circovirus type 2 in serum, buffy coat, feces, and multiple tissues

The emergence of multiple genotypes of PCV2, as demonstrated by phylogenetic analysis of whole genome or capsid sequences, makes it necessary to have quantitative diagnostic assays that perform equally well on all strains. The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a novel real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay targeting the highly conserved rep gene (ORF1) and investigate the effects of diagnostic specimen choice on its performance. The assay was tested in naturally infected conventional pigs, experimentally infected gnotobiotic pigs, and plasmid-spiked negative serum, lung tissue, and feces and found to have a linear detection range of 2.2x10(3) to 2.2x10(10) copies of PCV2 per mL. The assay successfully detected and quantified PCV2 DNA in serum, buffy coat, feces, and multiple lymphoid (bronchial, mesenteric, and superficial inguinal lymph nodes; thymus; tonsil; ileal Peyer's patches; and spleen), and non-lymphoid (myocardium; lung; kidney; liver; and gluteal muscle) tissues from naturally infected pigs. Across all tissues and sera of naturally infected pigs, the mean PCV2 concentration was 3.0logs higher in wasting versus non-wasting pigs. PCV2 concentration measured by tissue culture and immunohistochemical staining in homogenized liver samples of experimentally infected gnotobiotic pigs were compared to the concentrations estimated by quantitative PCR. Similar trends were noted with increasing PCV2 concentration detected in subclinically infected to severely PMWS-affected pigs across all assays. Our diagnostic assay was developed with a conserved target sequence, and performed efficiently in quantification of PCV2 in a variety of tissues from naturally and experimentally infected pigs.     

Prevalence and genetic characterization of Hepatitis E virus in paired samples of feces and serum from naturally infected pigs

This study describes the distribution of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) in a naturally infected swine population and the genetic relatedness of HEV strains on swine farms in Spain. Of fecal and serum samples collected from 131 pigs and manure-ditch samples collected from 17 farms, HEV was detected in 16%, 14%, and 59%, respectively, for an overall prevalence rate of 23%. The maximum prevalence rates for feces and serum were in pigs 5 to 12 wk old. A high prevalence of the virus in feces (18%) was observed in sows. Gene sequencing was performed on 6 strains from feces, serum, and manure ditch: the nucleotide identities varied from 81.5% to 99% when compared with those of other strains of genotype 3 isolated from swine. This is the first study in Europe to show the variation in virus distribution by age in feces and serum in a naturally infected swine population.     

A monoclonal blocking ELISA detecting serum antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae.

A monoclonal blocking enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of antibodies to Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in porcine serum has been developed. The monoclonal antibody (mAb) reacts with an M. hyopneumoniae specific epitope on a molecule of approximately 74 kDa. Only sera from M. hyopneumoniae infected pigs were able to block the binding of the mAb although antibodies from M. flocculare infected pigs also recognized a 74 kDa molecule. Sera from experimentally infected pigs as well as field samples were compared by the ELISA and by an indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA). In experimental pigs, the earliest detectable antibody response was found to be almost identical for both assays, but for some of the pigs the time of detection was significantly earlier by blocking ELISA than by IHA. In naturally infected herds more samples were found to be positive by ELISA than by IHA. Furthermore, the results indicate that sera from naturally M. flocculare infected pigs may give rise to cross-reactions in the IHA. The blocking ELISA appears to be a valuable and reproducible tool in the surveillance and serodiagnosis of M. hyopneumoniae infections in pigs.     

Identification of porcine circovirus type 2 in retrospective cases of pigs naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus

The identification of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was studied in fresh intestinal tissues by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in formalin-fixed, paraffin-wax-embedded intestinal tissues by in situ hybridisation. The tissues came from pigs naturally infected with porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV). A total of 35 (32.7%) of 107 small intestinal samples from pigs naturally infected with PEDV were found to be positive using PCR. Positive signals for PCV2 were detected in 32 (29.9%) of 107 small intestinal samples from pigs naturally infected with PEDV by in situ hybridisation. The distribution of positive cells in the jejunum and ileum was multifocal or patchy. Distinct positive labelling was found throughout the lamina propria in the small intestines. The results of this study indicate that PCV2 is highly prevalent in pigs naturally infected with PEDV.     

Changes in serum enzyme activities in pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium

The serum enzymes of pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes of Taenia solium and of uninfected pigs were assayed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and ceruloplasmin activities were significantly increased in the serum of the infected pigs.     

Changes in serum enzyme activities in pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes ofTaenia solium

The serum enzymes of pigs naturally infected with the metacestodes ofTaenia solium and of uninfected pigs were assayed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase and ceruloplasmin activities were significantly increase in the serum of the infected pigs.