猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒GP5蛋白羧基端的噬菌体展示及其诱导仔猪产生中和抗体水平

为了发现并验证猪繁殖与呼吸障碍综合征病毒(PRRSV)保护性抗原GP5蛋白羧基端新的中和性表位,本研究运用生物信息学软件预测PRRSV GP5蛋白羧基端的抗原性,全基因合成GP5蛋白羧基端168～198位氨基酸的编码序列,构建了重组噬菌体M13-GP5aa168～198,以临床阳性血清进行Western blot分析重组噬菌体表面展示的GP5aa168～198多肽的免疫反应原性。以1.0×10~(13) PFU/mL重组噬菌体混合氢氧化铝佐剂制备免疫抗原,按照灭活疫苗免疫程序肌肉注射免疫PRRSV抗体阴性断乳仔猪2次,间隔2周,分别于末次免疫后的第2,4和6周采血,分离血清,以临床分离PRRSV强毒株进行中和试验。结果显示:重组噬菌体表面展示的GP5aa168～198多肽具有免疫反应原性,免疫仔猪后,能够诱导仔猪产生较高水平的中和性抗体,为构建PRRSV GP5新型多表位疫苗的开发奠定了基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP3/GP5/M真核表达载体的构建及其体液免疫应答

本试验旨在构建表达猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)GP3、GP5和M蛋白的真核重组质粒。以PRRSV LN株为模板,采用PCR方法扩增出GP3、GP5、M基因片段,将扩增的GP5、M通过Linker序列串联成GP5-M,然后将GP3与GP5-M双酶切后插入pcDNA3.1(+)构建重组质粒pcDNA3.1-GP3-GP5-M,将其转染COS7细胞。PCR鉴定表明重组质粒pcDNA3.1-GP3-GP5-M含有PRRSV GP3、GP5-M基因,间接免疫荧光检测表明GP3、GP5-M蛋白在COS7细胞内获得表达。Western blotting检测证实GP3、GP5、M蛋白获得正确表达,并且所表达的GP3、GP5、M蛋白是融合蛋白。将pcDNA3.1-GP3-GP5-M免疫BALB/c小鼠,首免后2周可检测到特异性PRRSV中和抗体,首免后8周中和抗体效价最高可达1∶32。进一步将pcDNA3.1-GP3-GP5-M免疫断奶仔猪,首免后4周即可产生1∶4～1∶8的中和抗体。本试验成功构建了表达PRRSV GP3、GP5和M融合蛋白的真核重组质粒pcDNA3.1-GP3-GP5-M,中和抗体检测表明pcDNA3.1-GP3-GP5-M具有良好的免疫原性,从而为PRRSV基因工程疫苗的研制奠定基础。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒GP5羧基端抗原表位的鉴定

为了鉴定和分析猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)GP5羧基端的抗原表位，采用Goldkey软件分析PRRSV GP5羧基端抗原表位，经人工合成的方法获得编码GP5的部分基因，Eag Ⅰ酶切后插入经Eag Ⅰ线性化处理的噬菌体M13KE gⅢ克隆载体，转化至ER2738细胞，得到多株重组噬菌体，提取噬菌体的ssDNA进行PCR及序列鉴定，获得了展示GP5羧基端11个氨基酸的重组噬菌体，用PRRS阳性血清检测重组噬菌体，结果显示噬菌体展示的表位可被PRRSV感染血清所识别，从而证明GP5羧基末端的11个氨基酸是PRRSV的一个抗原表位。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒CH-1R株全基因组序列测定及遗传变异分析

为了解猪繁殖与呼吸综合征的弱毒(PRRSV)株在基因组水平上的变异和分子遗传特征,本研究对致弱毒株CH-1R株进行了全基因组序列的测定。结果表明,CH-1R株基因组序列全长15424nt,具有典型的动脉炎病毒基因组结构。通过与亲本株CH-1a株序列进行比对,发现其基因组内碱基的缺失和突变主要分布在ORF1a基因的第2191位～2193位、ORF5基因的第439位、ORF6基因的第49位和ORF7基因的第28位和第139位。其中PRRSVCH-1R株的Nsp2蛋白和结构蛋白的变异相对较大,尤其是Nsp2蛋白的变异,同CH-la株相比,CH-1R株的Nsp2蛋白存在多处核苷酸的突变,其中包括连续3个核苷酸发生缺失;由结构蛋白基因推导的氨基酸序列共有17处变异,在各结构蛋白中以GP3和GP5蛋白变异较大,而高度保守的M蛋白和N蛋白,同样发生了变异,由此预测了Nsp2蛋白的R631E、GP5蛋白的L146Q、M蛋白的Q16L和N蛋白的K46N处毒力相关的氨基酸位点,推测其在毒株致弱过程中起到了重要的作用。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒结构蛋白和非结构蛋白研究进展

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)主要引起以母猪流产、产死胎、弱胎、木乃伊胎以及仔猪呼吸困难、败血症为特征的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS),该病传播快、传染性强，是规模化养猪场常见的接触性传染病之一。PRRSV基因组编码GP2a、E、GP3、GP4、GP5、GP5a、M、N等8种结构蛋白和NSP1α、NSP1β、NSP2-NSP8、NSP9-NSP12等至少13种非结构蛋白。论文从三个角度对PRRSV结构蛋白和非结构蛋白进行综述，包括PRRSV感染宿主后结构蛋白和非结构蛋白发挥的作用、它们对宿主信号通路的影响和基于两类蛋白的检测方法，以期为进一步研究PRRSV的致病机制以及防治猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒病奠定理论基础。     

一株高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒变异毒株的基因组特征

为了监测我国近年来流行的高致病性猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的变异情况,采用RT-PCR分段扩增,对2009年从山东发病猪场分离到的1株PRRSV SD0901的全基因组进行了序列测定和分析.结果表明,不包括Poly(A)尾,该毒株的基因组全长为15 320 nt;与高致病性PRRSV毒株间的全基因组核苷酸相似性为98.6％～98.7％;该毒株基因组的Nsp2编码区除存在与高致病性毒株相同的30个氨基酸的不连续缺失外,还存在468位的氨基酸缺失和在585-586位间插入1个氨基酸,同时,该毒株的结构蛋白GP2、GP3、GP4和M编码区分别存在1个氨基酸的突变.演化分析表明,该毒株尽管与高致病性毒株属于同一亚群,但形成一个独立的小分支.由此表明,该毒株为高致病性PRRSV的变异毒株,说明我国的高致病性PRRSV在流行过程中已出现变异.笔者的研究结果为监测和分析我国的高致病性PRRSV的变异与演化提供了有价值的基因组信息数据.     

PRRSV CH－1a株致弱过程中不同代次病毒结构蛋白基因遗传变异分析

对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)CH-1a株致弱过程中不同代次病毒(S39、S70、S148、S171)及国内分离株(GD3、JS1、JS5)的结构蛋白基因(ORF2～ORF7)进行了克隆和测序,并与国内外毒株序列进行比较和系统发育进化分析.结果表明,PRRSV CH-1a株各传代毒株和国内分离毒株各个结构蛋白序列均存在不同程度的变异,与GenBank上的登录序列进行了比对,发现GP2～GP5同源性在83.1%～100%,M蛋白同源性在95.4%～100%,N蛋白同源性在87%～100%,其中以GP2、GP3和GP5发生突变几率较大;另外,发现PRRSV CH-1a不同代次病毒GP5的H38突变为Q38(S70),L146突变为Q146(S148),而2006年分离的PRRSV变异毒株由F39突变为I39,而且分离毒株的毒力明显强于经典毒株.进化分析表明,GD3毒株与2006年～2007年分离的毒株以及PRRSV CH-1a株的亲缘关系均较近,处于二者的中间位置.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒主要结构蛋白基因半定量 RT-PCR方法的建立及其在RNA干扰研究中的应用

为了建立以GAPDH基因为参照的半定量RT-PCR检测方法,根据PRRSV VR2332株病毒基因组和GAPDH序列设计4对特异性引物,分别扩增GP5、M、N和GAPDH基因序列,将shRNA表达质粒和GP5、M、N真核表达质粒共转染HEK293A细胞,应用该法检测了转染孔中GP5、M、N的相对表达量。同管和分管扩增法均建立了以GAPDH基因为参照的半定量RT-PCR检测方法。靶向GP5、M和N蛋白基因的shRNA表达质粒对其各自蛋白的抑制率为36%~69%,其中pSi-N3和pSi-G1抑制效果最为显著。结果表明,建立的半定量RT-PCR可以用于PRRSV主要结构蛋白基因表达水平的检测分析中。     

PRRSV分离株GP3蛋白ORF3基因克隆及序列分析

为研究宁夏地区猪繁殖与呼吸综合征(PRRS)的流行规律,应用RT-PCR的方法从PRRSV分离株GP3蛋白中扩增出ORF3基因cDNA片段。结果显示,ORF3基因全长765 bp,编码254个氨基酸,与北美型毒株VR-2332的同源性达到85%以上,与欧洲型毒株LV的同源性低于60%,与国内近3年主要流行毒株JXA1、HEB1、HUB2亲缘性较近。对PRRSV分离株的亲水性分析表明,GP3蛋白的前57位氨基酸为疏水性信号肽序列;对PRRSV分离株GP3蛋白抗原表位分析表明,与国内外其他毒株抗原表位预测的结果基本一致,说明PRRSV分离株GP3蛋白具有与其他毒株相近的抗原特性。     

8株猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒ORF5基因的变异分析

本研究拟初步了解中原地区近期猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的变异情况。对2011—2012年间从河南及周边省份发病猪场分离的8株PRRSV毒株Nsp2基因变异区进行RT-PCR扩增,同时对主要结构蛋白GP5基因进行克隆测序并与GenBank中登录的中国历年来流行的PRRSV代表毒株的GP5蛋白序列进行遗传进化分析,对主要氨基酸基序进行比对分析。结果表明,2011—2012年在中原地区分离的8株PRRSV分离株均为Nsp2缺失变异株,GP5基因与2006年中国高致病PRRSV代表毒株JXA1同源性较高。     

Highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP5 B antigenic region is not a neutralizing antigenic region

In 2006, highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (HP-PRRSV) caused great economic losses emerged in China and continues to be a threat for the pig industry. B antigenic region (AR) ((37)SHL/FQLIYNL(45)) of GP5 was considered to be a major linear neutralizing AR in PRRSV classical strains. However, peptide-purified antibodies against this AR did not neutralize PRRSV in a recent report. Compared with classical PRRSV, one amino acid mutation (L/F(39)→I(39)) was found in B AR of HP-PRRSV. To study the ability of B AR of HP-PRRSV to induce neutralizing antibody (NA) in vitro and in vivo, rabbit antisera against B AR with and without the mutation and pig hyperimmune sera with high titer of NAs against HP-PRRSV were prepared. Immunofluorescence assays (IFA) showed that the two rabbit antisera both had reactivity to classical PRRSV CH-1a and HP-PRRSV HuN4 with no observable difference in IFA titer. However, antisera did not have neutralizing activity against classical PRRSV CH-1a and HP-PRRSV HuN4. No correlation was observed between the levels of anti-B AR peptide antibodies and NAs in pig hyperimmune sera that were detected by indirect ELISA and virus neutralization, respectively. B AR peptide-specific serum antibodies had no neutralizing activity and, GST-B fusion protein could not inhibit neutralization of NAs in pig hyperimmune sera. Based on these findings, we conclude that B AR of HP-PRRSV is not a neutralizing AR of HP-PRRSV GP5.     

PRRSV GP5基因的原核表达及其免疫性分析

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)的糖蛋白GP5含有中和表位,是检测用抗原和亚单位疫苗的首选蛋白。本研究将糖蛋白GP5基因截短后,克隆至表达载体pET-30a,转化大肠埃希菌,经IPTG诱导后,SDS-PAGE电泳显示重组蛋白以包涵体形式得到了表达,每升重组菌可纯化得到目的蛋白87.5mg。Western blot和间接酶联免疫吸附试验分析表明,该蛋白与PRRSV阳性血清具有良好免疫反应性。     

Immunogenic and protective properties of GP5 and M structural proteins of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus expressed from replicating but nondisseminating adenovectors

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is responsible for significant economic losses in the porcine industry. Currently available commercial vaccines do not allow optimal and safe protection. In this study, replicating but nondisseminating adenovectors (rAdV) were used for the first time in pigs for vaccinal purposes. They were expressing the PRRSV matrix M protein in fusion with either the envelope GP5 wild-type protein (M-GP5) which carries the major neutralizing antibody (NAb)-inducing epitope or a mutant form of GP5 (M-GP5m) developed to theoretically increase the NAb immune response. Three groups of fourteen piglets were immunized both intramuscularly and intranasally at 3-week intervals with rAdV expressing the green fluorescent protein (GFP, used as a negative control), M-GP5 or M-GP5m. Two additional groups of pigs were primed with M-GP5m-expressing rAdV followed by a boost with bacterially-expressed recombinant wild-type GP5 or were immunized twice with a PRRSV inactivated commercial vaccine. The results show that the rAdV expressing the fusion proteins of interest induced systemic and mucosal PRRSV GP5-specific antibody response as determined in an ELISA. Moreover the prime with M-GP5m-expressing rAdV and boost with recombinant GP5 showed the highest antibody response against GP5. Following PRRSV experimental challenge, pigs immunized twice with rAdV expressing either M-GP5 or M-GP5m developed partial protection as shown by a decrease in viremia overtime. The lowest viremia levels and/or percentages of macroscopic lung lesions were obtained in pigs immunized twice with either the rAdV expressing M-GP5m or the PRRSV inactivated commercial vaccine.     

一株针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NADC30-like毒株GP5蛋白的单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

为获得针对猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒NADC30-like毒株GP5蛋白的单克隆抗体,采用表达纯化的PRRSV NADC30-like毒株的GP5蛋白按常规方法免疫小鼠,采用间接免疫荧光方法筛选出1株阳性杂交瘤细胞（命名为3E10）,经3次亚克隆后制备腹水并进行纯化鉴定。结果显示：该杂交瘤细胞连续传代20代后细胞上清液的IFA效价仍不低于1:40。纯化后的单克隆抗体腹水浓度为0.204 mg/mL,亚类鉴定为IgM,且未发现有中和活性。特异性检测显示3E10单克隆抗体能与2株PRRSV NADC30-like毒株发生荧光反应,而与4株高致病性PRRSV疫苗毒株、2株经典株PRRSV疫苗毒株以及CSFV、PCV2、BVDV及Marc-145细胞均无荧光反应,显示出较好的应用前景。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒N蛋白原核表达和间接ELISA检测方法的建立

试验构建了pET28a-TGEV-N重组表达质粒,完成TGEV N蛋白的表达和纯化,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blotting分析,表明表达产物N蛋白可被猪TGEV阳性血清识别。用TGEV N蛋白作为诊断抗原,建立了检测TGEV血清抗体的间接ELISA检测方法,该方法批内、批间重复试验变异系数均小于5%;检测血清的特异性为100%,假阳性率为0,假阴性率为5%,与7种常见猪病血清无交叉反应。针对临床血清,用该方法检测结果与中和试验结果相比,符合率为100%。该方法能够快速、有效地检出TGEV抗体,重复性和特异性好,为标准化诊断试剂盒的开发奠定了基础。     

Prokaryotic Expression and Development of an Indirect ELISA Detection Method of Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus N Protein

In the study,the recombinant expression plasmid pET28a-TGEV-N was constructed,and expression and purification of the TGEV N protein was completed.Through SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis,the N protein could be identified by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) positive serum.Using the TGEV N protein as diagnosis antigen,we established an indirect ELISA method for detecting TGEV serum antibodies.The coefficients of variation of intro-batch and inter-batch duplicability test were less than 5%.The specificity was 100%,and the rate of false positive and the false negative rate were 0 and 5%,respectively.No cross reactions with seven porcine diseases positive serum were detected.Using this method,the clinical serum samples were detected.The results showed 100% coincidence rate compared with neutralization test.The method could detect TGEV antibody quickly and effectively,and had good repeatability and specificity,which laid the foundation for the development of standardized diagnostic kits.     

The primary GP5 neutralization epitope of North American isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

I have used indirect ELISA with overlapping synthetic peptides representing the GP5 ectodomain to study the generation and specificity of peptide-binding Abs in pigs that were infected in utero with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain VR2332 and in North American field sera submitted for PRRSV infection diagnosis. Peptide-binding Abs appeared in sera of the VR2332-infected pigs within about 30 days post-farrowing (dpf), reaching maximum titers 100-200 dpf and then decreasing slowly to about half of maximum titer by about 400 dpf. The formation of peptide-binding Abs and of virus neutralizing Abs correlated and their initial appearance coincided with disappearance of virus from the circulation. The Abs were specific for VR2332-specific peptides. In contrast, anti-N-protein Abs as measured by HerdCheck ELISA appeared within 7 dpf, reached maximum levels at about 100 dpf and had decreased below detectable levels by about 200 dpf. Twenty-seven field serum samples with virus neutralizing activity all possessed high levels of peptide binding Abs, but the Abs bound about equally to VR2332 and strain Lelystad virus (LV)-specific peptides. The indirect ELISA results using various large peptides and competition ELISA using small peptides (8 or 9 amino acids long) confirmed that the epitope recognized by the Abs is located in the GP5 ectodomain sequence 37SHLQLIYNL of VR2332. Use of mutated peptides in the competition ELISA showed that 42I to T and 38HL to TY substitutions blocked Ab recognition, whereas deletion of 41L had no effect. In addition, 26 serum samples submitted by two farms for diagnostic tests were found to possess low levels of Abs that bound to GP5 ectodomain peptides, even though the sera were sero-negative in the HerdChek ELISA and lacked neutralizing activity. Competition ELISA showed that the Abs recognized one or more epitopes located downstream of the PRRSV neutralization epitope. An epitope(s) located in the same area was recognized by Abs generated in mice by immunization with a GP5 ectodomain peptide conjugated to BSA. These Abs also lacked neutralizing activity.     

Differential host cell gene expression regulated by the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus GP4 and GP5 glycoproteins

The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) GP4 and GP5 proteins are two membrane-associated viral glycoproteins that have been shown to induce neutralizing antibodies. In the present study, the host cell gene expression profiles altered by the GP4 and GP5 proteins were investigated by the use of DNA microarrays. Sublines of Marc-145 and HeLa cells were established by stable transfection with open reading frame (ORF)4 and ORF5 of PRRSV, respectively, and differential gene expressions were studied using microarray chips embedded with 1718 human-expressed sequence tags. The genes for protein degradation, protein synthesis and transport, and various other biochemical pathways were identified. No genes involved in the apoptosis pathway appeared to be regulated in GP5-expressing cells. The microarray data may provide insights into the specific cellular responses to the GP4 and GP5 proteins during PRRSV infection.     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒重组M蛋白间接ELISA抗体检测方法的建立及应用

为建立一种敏感、特异、快速、高通量的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)抗体血清学检测方法,本研究利用原核表达技术表达了PRRSV M蛋白,将纯化后的重组M蛋白作为包被抗原建立了检测PRRSV抗体的间接ELISA方法。参照已发表的PRRSV基因组M基因序列,设计合成1对特异性引物,RT-PCR扩增了长约435 bp的M基因片段,将目的片段亚克隆至pET32a(+)表达载体中,经IPTG诱导获得了以包涵体形式表达的重组M蛋白,重组蛋白纯化后,免疫印迹检测结果表明具有良好的抗原性和特异性。以重组M纯化蛋白为包被抗原,经间接ELISA反应条件的优化,建立了检测PRRSV抗体的间接ELISA方法,该方法检测猪瘟病毒(CSFV)、猪细小病毒(PPV)、猪乙型脑炎病毒(JEV)、猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)、猪传染性胃肠炎病毒(TGEV)、猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)其他6种常见猪病病原的阳性血清均为阴性;该方法批内与批间重复性试验的变异系数分别小于5%和10%;该方法与商品化ELISA试剂盒的符合率为95.3%。本研究建立的M-ELISA检测方法将为猪群免疫PRRS疫苗后抗体水平监测及PRRSV野毒感染的快速诊断与流行病学调查等提供了一种简便易行、快速、高通量的血清学抗体检测方法。