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正自从中国的生猪、肉鸡养殖总量成世界首位以来,中国畜牧业也面临着前所未有的挑战,在有限的耕地上发展畜牧业,形成了饲料需要依赖于进口,为了养殖效益,引种成了捷径。成本居高不下,养殖结构不合理,这个行业显得如此脆弱,任何风吹草动,都会导致整个链条的震颤。 相似文献
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在经济新常态下,提高畜牧业的成本效率是当前中国发展的必然选择。笔者基于我国22个省(市、自治区)2006—2015年的散养生猪养殖的省际面板数据,建立超越对数随机前沿模型,经过极大似然比估计、t检验与灰色关联度分析方法进行分析,研究了中国散养生猪养殖成本效率及效益情况。结果表明:散养户对于传统的要素投入认识还较为统一,但对某些物质服务费用的认识还不足;成本非效率是造成我国散养生猪效益不理想的主要因素。通过灰色关联度分析后发现,提高饲料投入的合理性、完善基础设施和辅助技术设备建设、加强对于设施和设备的维护力度以及提高养殖户受教育水平对于散养生猪养殖效益的提高有重要的意义。基于上述结论得出了完善饲料投入结构、树立"防重于治"的意识、加强对养殖户的培训力度以及增强散养户的市场应对能力等启示。 相似文献
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近年来,生猪规模化、标准化、集约化养殖发展迅速。提高生猪肉的品质,提供绿色安全的生猪产品,增加生猪的养殖效益,提高生猪的抗病能力,微生物发酵饲料在生猪养殖中的有效应用就是实现这一目标的有效途径。采用微生物发酵豆粕和花生壳配制成饲料来饲养生猪,能增强生猪机体抗病能力,提高饲料转化率,降低饲养成本,是有机畜牧业的组成部分,值得推广应用。 相似文献
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2016年生猪养殖回暖,养猪业迎来春天,养殖效益不断走高.但同时也存在诸多问题,机遇与挑战并存.在国家畜牧业供给侧结构性改革稳步推进下,稳生猪成为畜牧业结构调整的重点之一.本文主要综述了2016年度生猪产业营养与饲料领域特点、2017年度生猪产业营养与饲料领域发展趋势及相关建议. 相似文献
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<正>为及时掌握当前畜牧业生产情况,分析价格变化对畜牧业发展和农民收入的影响,科学预测畜牧业生产形势尤为重要。我们对石家庄辛集市养殖重点乡镇张古庄、田庄乡的5个重点村、21个规模生猪、蛋鸡、奶牛养殖场户进行了实地调研,对当前饲料行情、生产面临的主要问题、产销形势、生产特点以及养殖效益进行了深入的分析座谈, 相似文献
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1避免市场价格波动针对生猪价格波动,饲料成本高位震荡,生猪养殖效益下滑的现状,落实生猪奖励政策、生猪标准化规模养殖场小区建设补助、生猪良种补贴、能繁母猪补贴、疫病防控、养殖保险和现代畜牧业(生猪)发展等各项政策,确保规模养殖场实现保本生产或初步赢利目标,稳定养殖大户信心。 相似文献
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现今人类对于肉类产品的需求,推动了畜牧业的快速发展,而畜牧业的发展需要消耗大量饲料和相应的饲料添加剂。作为生猪养殖大国,未来饲料资源短缺问题将是制约我国生猪养殖发展的重要因素,为了提高生猪生长性能并解决饲料资源短缺,开发新型节能环保型饲料对于我国生猪养殖意义重大。发酵饲料作为一种新型节能环保畜用饲料已有20多年的发展历史,考虑到发酵饲料对饲料安全性、养分生物利用度以及猪只生长性能和肉质的有利影响,因此发酵饲料被认为是一种新型的猪用饲料。 相似文献
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本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。 相似文献
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魏静 《四川畜牧兽医学院学报》2009,(4):28-32
在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。 相似文献
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Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF
Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo. 相似文献
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乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制. 相似文献
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家兔作为一种实验动物 ,推动了繁殖技术的发展。本试验通过对不同年龄公獭兔的睾丸进行组织学观察、测定 ,研究精子的发生规律 ,为系统地进行繁殖生理工作提供依据。1 材料与方法选 60日龄、75日龄、90日龄 3个年龄公獭兔各5只 ,用外科手术法摘取两侧睾丸 ,放入 Bouin氏液中固定 ,二甲苯透明 ,石蜡包埋 ,切成 5~ 8μm切片 ,H.E.染色。在显微镜下观察 ,并进行定量组织学指标测定及差异性比较。2 结果和讨论2 .1 睾丸定量组织学指标的测定结果 见表 1。表 1 獭兔睾丸定量组织学指标 μm,个 /精细管60日龄 75日龄 90日龄曲细精管… 相似文献
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以国际标准强毒R株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离MG,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离MG。结果表明,人工感染48小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,96小时气囊已被感染,120小时输卵管已能分离到MG,卵巢始终分离不到MG。人工感染鸡自144小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出MG。药物治疗能在72小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需24天后逐渐降低蛋内MG分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内MG,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。 相似文献
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REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air. 相似文献