绍兴蛋鸭血清淀粉酶同功酶与生产性能关系的研究

测定并比较１６０日龄绍兴产蛋鸭和非产蛋鸭血清淀粉酶的多态性表现型的差异。结果表明：１６０日龄绍鸭血清淀粉酶主要包括：Ａｍｙ－１,Ａｍｙ－２和Ａｍｙ－３三个区域,均表现明显的多态性。Ａｍｙ－１区为鸭血清淀粉酶的主信号区,产蛋绍鸭血清淀粉酶Ａｍｙ－１区以Ｂ型为主,Ａｍｙ－３区为无带型;未产蛋绍鸭Ａｍｙ－１区以Ａ型居多,Ａｍｙ－３区为２条带型的频率为３７％,二者之间差异显著。１６０日龄绍兴蛋鸭血清淀粉酶表现型和体重无显著相关。     

滨白鸡血清酯酶（ES—1）同工酶的初步研究

本文利用双垂直板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳法（ＰＡＧＥ），对滨白鸡血清酯酶（ＥＳ－１）同工酶进行分离。试验结果表明：（１）酯酶分离出五个区域，其中ＥＳ－１区表现出１２个变异型，证实了Ｋｕｒｙｌ四个等位基因控制的结论，对于此项研究新发现的等位基因ＥＳ－１＾Ｂｏ（暂命名），有待进一步研究证实；（２）调整改进的ＥＳ电泳系统对ＥＳ－１、ＥＳ－２区具有电泳时间短、分辨率高、染色清晰等优点。     

不同品系绍兴蛋鸭血清酯酶多态性比较研究

实验对60日龄绍兴蛋鸭大蛋系(以蛋重为选育目标)和高产系(以产蛋数为选育目标)血清酯酶的多态性进行了比较测定。结果表明：60日龄绍兴鸭血清酯酶主要包括3个区域，即Es-1、Es-2和Es-3。Es-1区为鸭血清酯酶的主信号区，表现出明显的多态性，Es-2区未观察到明显的多态性，Es-3区为一至两条弱带(淡染)，也未观察到明显的多态性。从260只60日龄绍兴鸭血清样本中，观察到Es-1有6种表现型：Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ和Ⅵ。绍兴蛋鸭大蛋系和高产系中以Ⅰ和Ⅱ居多，差异不显著，Ⅲ和Ⅳ在两品系鸭中表现出明显的差异，高产系Ⅳ型的表现频率显著高于大蛋系。     

鸭疫里氏杆菌外膜蛋白免疫原性研究

本研究采用超速离心法提取鸭疫里氏杆菌的外膜蛋白,在电镜下呈典型的双层泡状结构,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳分析结果细菌的外膜蛋白的分子量在２１ＫＤ和１５１ＫＤ之间。经Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ检测表明,４４ＫＤ外膜蛋白与免疫鸭血清和自然感染后康复鸭血清出现较强的阳性反应,而感染发病的濒死鸭血清反应则很微弱。     

番鸭细小病毒弱毒株的选育及其生物学特性

应用生物技术对番鸭细小病毒莆田株（ｍｕｓｃｏｖｙｄｕｃｋｌｉｎｇｐａｒｖｏｖｉｒｕｓ，ＭＰＶ－Ｐ）进行诱变，选育出符合制苗用的弱毒疫苗株（ＭＰＶ－Ｐ１）。该弱毒株失去了对１日龄雏番鸭的致病力，对番鸭胚的ＥＬＤ５０为ｌｇ４．５～ｌｇ５．０；对ＭＤＥＦ细胞ＴＣＩＤ５。为ｌｇ５．０～ｌｇ６．０；在雏番鸭体内连续传５代，未见毒力返强现象。１日龄番鸭免疫接种ＭＰＶ－Ｐ１后，第３天部分鸭血清中出现抗体，第７天全部出现抗体，第２１～３０天抗体效价值达高峰。肌肉注射比滴鼻免疫接种方法效果好。该弱毒株具有良好的免疫原性和遗传稳定性。     

含绿脓杆菌外毒素A受体结合区重组蛋白的纯化

将表达含绿脓杆菌外毒素（ＰＥＡ）受体结合区基因的质粒ｐＥＴ－ＥＡＢ转化到大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）中,经ＩＰＴＧ诱导表达了含ＰＥＡ受体结合区的重组蛋白（称ＰＥ３４）。ＰＥ３４主要以包涵体形式存在于大肠杆菌中,用溶菌酶－脱氧胆酸钠法结合超声波裂解法破碎细菌,离心制备包涵体。用２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ脲洗涤包涵体后,包涵体纯度可达７５％,在８ｍｏｌ／Ｌ脲存在条件下,ＳｅｐｈａｃｒｙｌＳ－２００凝胶滤过,ＤＥＡＥ－ＳｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅＦａｓｔＦｌｏｗ离子交换层析纯化,获得ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ１条带的ＰＥ３４,纯度达９５．８％,得率为２４．５％。     

用品种遗传结构预测杂种优势的可行性研究

用６个兔品种为材料，测定出５种血液蛋白质（酶）多态座位－－红细胞酯酶（Ｅｓ－１，Ｅｓ－２，Ｅｓ－３）前转铁白（Ｐｒｔ）及后白蛋白（Ｐｏ）的基因频率，依此估算出各群体的平均杂合度及Ｎｅｉ氏遗传距离值。本研究依据平均杂合度选择亲本性别（ＨＤ〉Ｈｓ），又参考种群间遗传距离值预测所可能表现优势的组合，它们基本都包括在通过配合力测定所推选的４个最佳组合之内，因而把这两项参数作为选择杂交组合的依据来预测杂种估     

夹心ELISA和斑点杂交试验检测鸭血清中鸭乙型肝炎病毒的比较

用单克隆抗体夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ和斑点杂交试验分别对４６例鸭血清样品中的鸭乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原（ＤＨＢｓＡｇ）和鸭乙型肝炎病毒（ＤＨＢＶ）ＤＮＡ进行平行检测，并根据夹心ＥＬＩＳＡ测定的Ｐ／Ｎ值和斑点杂交试验的反应斑点进行薄层扫描所测定的峰面积值，比较了１９例带毒鸭血清中ＤＨＢｓＡｇ和ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ的相对含量。结果表明，两种试验的结果判定具有高度一致性。ＤＨＢｓＡｇ与ＤＨＢＶＤＮＡ在带毒鸭血清中呈并存关系，但其含量相关不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

规模化猪场4种猪瘟免疫程序的免疫效果比较

采用Ｄｏｔ－ＥＬＩＳＡ检测猪瘟母源抗体消长规律和４种猪瘟免疫程序的免疫效果。结果，在７，１４，２１，２８和３５日龄时，猪瘟母源抗体阳性率分别为８０％、６０．０％，１３．４％和６．７％，其抗体效价几何平均值（ＧＭＴ）分别为１；８８、１：６９、１：５９、１：４０和１：３５。     

平顶山地区鸡产蛋下降综合症的调查

鸡产蛋下降综合症（ＥＤＳ－７６）是产蛋母鸡以群发性产蛋下降和蛋质低劣为主要特征的一种病毒性传染病，病毒为禽腺病毒。感染鸡群的产蛋量可下降２０％～５０％，蛋质破损可达４５％以上。１９９５年以来，平顶山地区的一些鸡场出现了产蛋下降的疾病，疑为ＥＤＳ－７６。为了查明该病在本地区的流行情况，我们于２０００年７月－１０月对平顶山地区所辖１０个县（市、区）的未注射过产蛋下降综合症疫苗的１０个鸡场进行ＥＤＳ－７６的血清学检测和流行病学调查，现将结果报告如下：１材料与方法１．１实验材料ＥＤＳ－７６标准抗原和阳性…     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.