浅谈畜禽粪便的无害化处理问题

畜牧业污染主要指畜牧业生产粪尿污染,畜牧产品中有毒有害物质的残留及来自畜禽场的废物.其中最主要的是畜禽粪尿污染和畜禽产品残留构成的对人类健康的困扰.畜禽养殖产生的污染已成为中国农村地区污染的主要来源.     

浅谈畜禽公害与防制对策

所谓畜牧公害．是指在畜牧生产中产生的公害，危害人畜健康，造成环境污染，影响可持续发展。畜牧公害可分为两类：一是畜禽粪尿污染环境，二是畜禽产品中有毒有害物质的残留影响人体健康。     

强化畜牧兽医行政执法 保证畜禽业安全生产

我国是畜牧业大国，畜禽产品安全问题一直很棘手，阻碍着畜牧业的可持续发展，迫切要求依法治牧。这就要求我们强化畜牧兽医行政执法，依法对畜牧业投入品、畜禽产品实施严格的监督管理。它包括产前、产巾、产后各个环节，从水质、饲料原料中有毒有害物质如农药、重金褥等的残留，到饲料、饲料添加制、兽药的安全使用，家禽生活环境污染如工业“三废”、禽场废弃物的污染，直到屠宰、加工、包装、贮存等各个环节的安全生产等。近年来，我国畜牧兽医法制建设已有长足发展，但与发达国家相比、离社会主义法制的要求仍有较大差距。     

饲料与畜禽产品质量安全问题浅析

环境保护、食品安全与人类健康一直是全世界人们普遍关注的热点问题。改革开放以来,我国畜禽产品总量虽连年增长,但由于我国畜牧业生产手段落后,农药、兽药、饲料添加剂、激素的超量使用与残留,畜禽产品质量安全问题日益突出,大大降低了我国畜禽产品在国际市场上的竞争力。同时,我国畜产品因兽药残留和其他有毒有害物质超标造成国内食品污染和引发的中毒事件也时有发生,保障饲料安全与畜禽产品安全已成为国内国际共识。     

畜牧生产的环境与人类健康

1　畜牧生产中的环境问题畜牧业是国民经济的基础产业。畜牧业污染主要指畜牧生产的粪尿污染 ,畜禽产品中有毒有害物质的残留及来自畜禽场的废物 ,包括洗刷用具、场地消毒和饮用后的污水 ;死鸡、死猪 ;孵化残余物——蛋壳、死胚、胎粪等 ;含有致癌性毒素的霉变饲料 ;预防用各种疫 (菌 )苗空瓶和抗生药物的废弃物等 ;饲料加工粉尘 ;屠宰场的废物、污水、废气 ;苍蝇、蚊虫等。其中威胁人类健康的主要因素是畜禽粪尿污染环境和畜产品中有毒有害物质的残留。据有关部门测算 :1头猪 1年产生的粪尿量约 2 .5t,1个万头养猪场 1年至少向周围环境排出…     

论生态环境与畜禽健康——饲料卫生与畜禽健康

介绍了饲料中主要有毒物质对畜禽健康的影响,讨论了饲料质量鉴定的概念和方法,指出降低饲料中有害物质是提高畜产品质量和增强我国畜产品市场竞争力的重要措施.     

食用畜禽产品安全卫生体系的分类和条件

改革开放以来 ,我国的畜牧业得到了迅猛发展 ,主要畜禽生产量已跃居世界前列。但由于环境污染以及兽药、饲料添加剂、动物激素等的不规范使用 ,给畜禽产品质量安全带来了隐患 ,畜禽产品因疫病、农药残留、兽药残留和其它有毒有害物质超标造成的餐桌污染和引发的中毒事件时有发生。畜禽产品安全问题的存在 ,不仅是我国畜牧业健康发展的严重障碍 ,也直接影响到我国畜禽产品的出口和国际市场竞争力。随着我国加入WTO ,人们对安全卫生优质畜禽产品的认识程度和渴望程度也日益提高。鉴于此 ,我国已启动了安全卫生优质农产品 (包括畜禽产品 )的…     

畜禽产品安全养殖环节监管探索与思考

<正>畜禽养殖环节中的安全是畜牧产业链畜禽产品安全中的一个重要环节,也是畜禽产品安全监管的源头和重点~([1])。因养殖环节存在养殖规模与类型不同,养殖点多、面广,养殖水平参差不齐,导致监管难度大,易出现监管死角~([2])。结合多年实践工作经验对如何搞好养殖环节的畜禽产品安全监管予以了总结和探索。1畜禽产品安全养殖环节隐患分析畜禽产品安全养殖环节隐患重点易发生在饲料、投入品、兽药的使用,病死及染疫畜禽的无害化处理,产地检疫及外源污染     

生态营养饲料及其配制

畜牧业的污染主要来自畜禽尿粪和臭气的排出、以及食品中有毒有害物质的残留，其根源却在饲料。一般日粮配合中很不注意有毒有害物质在畜禽体内的聚集和消化不完全物质的排出量，其结果：一是由于饲料中的有毒有害物质通过食物链逐级聚集，增强了其毒性和危害；二是对环     

石灰石粉作为钙源饲料的安全使用措施

石灰石粉作为畜禽的主要钙源饲料及饲料企业大宗原料,在畜牧生产中应用广泛,但其中常含有铅、砷、汞、镉、氟等重金属及有毒有害元素,应用不当就会引起畜禽中毒及食品安全问题.本文介绍了石灰石粉的国家及地方卫生标准,调查了不同地区石灰石粉的重金属及有毒、有害元素,并提出安全使用措施.     

Disease and destiny-mystery and mastery

When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures.     

马的咽气癖及其防制措施研究进展

在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。     

畜禽物种多样性及其保护和利用

文章就我国畜禽物种多样性资源的现状、保护和利用等方面进行阐述,为生态脆弱的喀斯特地区畜牧业可持续发展提供参考。     

德国荷兰畜禽产品质量安全交流与启示

2018年岁末,笔者有幸赴德国和荷兰,就畜产品质量安全控制及检测技术等进行了短期交流,收获颇丰,现具体介绍如下。一、交流情况德国面积35.73万平方千米,人口约8175.2万,是欧盟人口最多的国家,农业发达,机械化程度很高。德国的畜牧业以猪、牛、羊和禽类为主,畜牧业产值占农业生产总值的61%。德国虽然农业比重很小,但却是有机农业运动最早的发起国,也是目前世界上有机农产品生产与消费大国。     

奶牛肢蹄病及其防治

简介常见奶牛肢蹄病种类及其症状,从日粮营养、运动场地面结构、环境卫生、饲养管理、遗传育种、疾病管理等方面简析奶牛肢蹄病的病因,并提出相应的预防措施。     

Foot and mouth disease and bluetongue: differences and similarities

On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures.     

牛羊焦虫病诊断与防治技术

近几年来,辽宁省牛羊饲养业迅速发展,焦虫病的危害越来越明显,已成为危害牛羊的主要疾病之一。为了提高牛羊焦虫病的防治水平,保证我省牛羊饲养业的健康发展,笔者在参阅文献和同行们诊疗经验的基础上,结合自己的治疗实践,详细阐述了我省牛羊焦虫病近几年的流行特点和诊断防治方法。     

RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记与牦牛遗传育种研究

在归纳总结RFLP和PCR-RFLP标记技术的原理、优缺点的基础上,系统论述了其在牦牛遗传育种研究中的应用现状,并提出了个人的建议和看法。