妊娠中期猪羊水来源干细胞EGFP基因转化及体外分化

本研究旨在获得妊娠中期猪羊水来源千细胞,并通过用EGFP对干细胞进行标记,为以EGFP作为示踪标记对干细胞进行体内移植研究奠定基础.利用羊水来源干细胞培养技术体系,从胎龄60 d猪胎儿羊水中分离获得干细胞,通过脂质体介导转染将EGFP基因导入干细胞,诱导转基因干细胞向肌细胞和神经细胞分化,观察其分化特点.采用RT-PCR技术检测干细胞和分化细胞表面标志或相关基因.结果成功分离培养出妊娠中期猪羊水来源干细胞,并获得转EGFP基因干细胞.干细胞在表达EGFP的同时仍具有分化潜能.干细胞中Oct4、CD-90和Sox2表达阳性;体外诱导的干细胞能分化为肌细胞(表达myf-6和myoD)、星形胶质细胞(表达GFAP)、少突胶质细胞(表达GalC)和神经元细胞(表达NF、NSE和MAP2).研究表明,从妊娠中期猪胎儿羊水中分离干细胞具有可行性和有效性,转EGFP基因干细胞具有自我更新、增殖和分化潜能,可以用EGFP对羊水来源干细胞进行标记、追踪,为EGFP作为示踪标记对干细胞用于体内移植研究奠定了基础.     

绵羊胚胎肌源性干细胞的生物学特性

为研究绵羊胚胎肌源性干细胞的生物学特性,取30日龄的绵羊胚胎,采用联合酶消化法及差速贴壁法分离培养获得均质的肌源性干细胞,并对其进行一系列生物学特性检测。结果显示,绵羊肌源性干细胞能传代培养至35代以上;免疫荧光染色和RT-PCR鉴定肌源性干细胞表面标记物Sca-1、CD34、CD144和Desmin呈阳性表达;生长曲线和细胞周期结果显示绵羊肌源性干细胞具有较强自我更新能力;通过不同的诱导方法可以将肌源性干细胞成功地诱导为肝样细胞和胰岛样细胞,Schiff染色和双硫腙染色均呈阳性,RT-PCR检测肝样细胞特异性标记物AFP和ALB以及胰岛样细胞特异性标记物Insulin均呈阳性表达,进一步证明了其诱导分化潜能。结果表明,本试验成功地分离培养获得了均质并具有较强自我更新潜能的绵羊肌源性干细胞,这种干细胞具有向肝样细胞和胰岛样细胞分化的潜能,这为临床治疗提供了潜在的理论基础和大量的种子细胞。     

荷斯坦奶牛乳腺干细胞的成脂诱导及鉴定

为了探究荷斯坦奶牛乳腺干细胞的多向分化潜能,试验采用油红O染色法对第5代乳腺干细胞向脂肪细胞分化的情况进行鉴定,采用RT-PCR技术对诱导后的乳腺干细胞进行基因水平检测。结果表明:荷斯坦奶牛乳腺干细胞经成脂诱导后,细胞中出现油滴,经油红O染色呈阳性;诱导后脂肪细胞标记性基因LPL和PPARG呈阳性表达。说明荷斯坦奶牛乳腺干细胞具有分化为成脂肪细胞的潜能。     

羊水干细胞研究进展

疾病治疗领域的无数研究主要集中在寻找干细胞新的来源,并避免像胚胎干细胞涉及到的伦理问题。尽管羊水细胞已广泛应用于产前基因检测,但目前对这些细胞的起源和特性方面的知识仍有限。近来,从羊水中培养获得的细胞先后被诱导成了多种细胞,甚至可以形成有功能的组织,所以羊水细胞为干细胞的来源提供了一种新的途径。本文综述了羊水干细胞的研究现状,并对其所面临的问题做了详细分析。     

武定鸡和科宝肉鸡成骨细胞矿化及TNF-α基因表达差异研究

为研究武定鸡和科宝肉鸡成骨细胞分化、矿化及肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)基因表达差异,试验通过提取武定鸡和科宝肉鸡骨间充质干细胞,并诱导分化为成骨细胞,检测成骨细胞分化、矿化差异及TNF-α基因表达差异。结果显示:与科宝肉鸡相比,在骨间充质干细胞诱导为成骨细胞过程中,武定鸡成骨细胞矿化能力较强,且TNF-α基因表达量显著低于科宝肉鸡。研究表明:TNF-α可通过调控成骨细胞分化来影响矿化过程,进而影响骨骼强度。可见,TNF-α基因对家鸡成骨细胞矿化起着重要的作用。     

诱导鸡胚精原干细胞向成骨细胞分化的研究

为了探讨体外培养的鸡胚精原干细胞(SSCs)的多向分化潜能,取孵化18~20 d的鸡胚睾丸,无菌获取SSCs,体外培养传代,通过地塞米松、β-甘油磷酸钠、维生素C诱导鸡胚SSCs向成骨细胞分化,钙结节Von Kossa s法、改良的钙钴法及免疫组化法进行成骨细胞鉴定。结果显示SSCs被诱导15~21 d后分化为成骨细胞,诱导形成率为75%~80%;诱导后的细胞Von Kossa s染色可见细胞间布满黑色颗粒,提示有矿化基质沉积;改良钙钴法碱性磷酸酶染色胞浆呈深棕色或深黑色,免疫组化法染色细胞呈阳性。因此可以得出在不同的诱导条件下,SSCs体外可被定向诱导分化为成骨细胞,证明其具有多向分化潜能。     

绵羊羊水干细胞外源基因高效转染及快速筛选方法的建立

试验旨在建立绵羊羊水来源多潜能干细胞(amniotic fluid-derived stem cells,AFSC)外源基因高效转染及快速筛选方法,同时保持其多潜能特性。采用脂质体法,以pCMV-DsRed为报告质粒,转染绵羊AFSC,36 h后,流式细胞仪分析外源基因的瞬时转染效率为69.17%。以浓度为6 mg/mL的G418筛选5 h获得纯化转基因绵羊AFSC单克隆。转基因绵羊AFSC RT-PCR检测表达Oct-4、SSEA-1,体外悬浮培养可形成类胚体。结果表明,转基因标记绵羊AFSC保持了发育全能性的潜能,构建的转基因绵羊AFSC可以示踪性研究其在体内的分化路径和最终宿主。     

悬滴培养法促进鸡胚胎干细胞形成类胚体

本研究旨在通过悬浮培养法培养鸡胚胎干细胞(Embryonic stem cells,ESCs),摸索鸡胚胎干细胞形成类胚体(Embryoid body,EB)的最佳方案,以期提高鸡胚胎干细胞体外诱导效率。将鸡ESCs培养传代至第3代,采用1×104、3×104和6×104 mL-13个细胞浓度,使用悬滴培养后,观察类胚体的形成效率。对悬滴培养形成的类胚体进行形态学观察,qRT-PCR检测干细胞标记基因的表达,免疫细胞化学检测相关蛋白的表达,并进行类胚体自分化检测和核型分析。3×104 mL-1细胞浓度生成的类胚体数量最高,单个视野下可观察到约267个类胚体,且形成的类胚体大小均一,呈圆球状。qRT-PCR检测结果表明,在类胚体形成48h内,干细胞标记基因Nanog、Sox2、Oct4和C-kit仍维持表达。免疫细胞化学检测显示,该方法形成的类胚体表面抗原检测Nanog和SSEA-1呈阳性。自分化检测三胚层分化标记基因SOX17、SMA和TUJ-1呈阳性。核型分析显示,悬滴培养形成的类胚体具有并保持正常的核型。鸡ESCs悬滴培养形成类胚体的适宜细胞浓度为3×104 mL-1,且形成的类胚体可分化成3个胚层,用于体外定向诱导过程。本研究建立了鸡ESCs体外悬滴培养形成类胚体的培养体系,为后期信号通路的体外验证提供试验基础。     

北京油鸡羊膜上皮细胞的分离、培养及分化潜能的研究

旨在研究禽类胚胎羊膜上皮细胞的分离、培养、鉴定及向不同胚层细胞诱导分化等的生物学特性.本研究使用酶消化法从北京油鸡胎膜中分离羊膜上皮细胞,通过免疫荧光和RT-PCR方法鉴定羊膜上皮细胞标志物(Nanog、Oct-4、Sox-2、CK19和Vimentin),并诱导其向成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和胰岛样细胞诱导分化,检测其多向分化潜能.结果表明,酶消化法获得的鸡羊膜上皮细胞不仅表达干细胞特有的标志,而且成功诱导分化为成骨细胞、脂肪细胞和胰岛样细胞.综上所述,北京油鸡羊膜上皮细胞在体外具有较强的自我更新能力及可塑性,可作为种子细胞进行濒危物种的保存,并为日后利用羊膜上皮细胞进行临床治疗提供一定的理论依据,同时也可为油鸡基因的改良提供模型.     

盘羊脐带间充质干细胞的分离培养及诱导分化

试验旨在研究野生盘羊脐带间充质干细胞（umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells,UC-MSCs）的分离、培养及体外多向分化潜能等生物学特性。取盘羊分娩后的新生雄性胎儿脐带,采用组织块培养法分离盘羊UC-MSCs后进行体外培养,并对UC-MSCs进行成骨、成软骨和成脂诱导分化,检测其多向分化潜能。结果显示,应用组织块培养法获得的盘羊UC-MSCs具有UC-MSCs特有的呈簇、成纤维状的特性,细胞呈"S"型曲线生长,细胞的倍增时间平均为33.50 h,且可以向成骨细胞、成软骨细胞和成脂细胞分化。诱导分化特异性染色结果表明,野生盘羊UC-MSCs经诱导后的成骨细胞经茜素红S染色呈现典型的橙红色钙沉积物聚集,成软骨细胞经阿利新蓝染色呈现蓝色的软骨基质,成脂细胞经油红O染色呈现深红色的脂滴。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果发现,随着诱导时间的延长,成骨分化的细胞中骨内γ-羧基谷氨酸蛋白（BGLAP）、骨桥蛋白基因（OPN）、Runt相关转录因子2（RUNX2）基因的相对表达量极显著升高（P<0.01）;成软骨分化的细胞中光蛋白聚糖（LUM）基因的表达量明显增加,而双糖链蛋白多糖（BGN）和Y染色体性别决定区基因盒9（SOX9）基因表达量极显著提高（P<0.01）;成脂分化的细胞中脂蛋白酶（LPL）和过氧化物酶体增殖因子活化受体γ（PPAR-γ）基因的相对表达量极显著上升（P<0.01）。试验结果表明,用盘羊胎盘附带的脐带组织可以分离到盘羊UC-MSCs,且分离到的UC-MSCs具有分化为成骨细胞、成软骨细胞及成脂细胞等多向分化潜能。     

荷斯坦牛羊水来源干细胞分离培养及其表面标志检测

利用羊水来源干细胞培养技术体系,从胎龄285 d荷斯坦奶牛胎儿羊水中分离培养干细胞;采用RT-PCR技术检测干细胞表面标志或相关基因。成功分离培养出奶牛羊水来源干细胞,干细胞中CD-90、Nanog、Oct4、TERT、Sox2、Desmin和HES1表达阳性。从奶牛胎儿羊水中分离干细胞具有可行性和有效性,为进行转基因研究提供靶细胞奠定了基础。     

Isolation, culturing and characterization of feeder-independent amniotic fluid stem cells in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis)

Heterogeneous amniotic fluid contains various cell types. The aim of this study was to characterize and differentiate some of the key stemness attributes of the amniotic fluid-derived cells in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). The amniotic fluid (AF) cells were cultured without feeder cells, in DMEM containing 15% FBS, 1% non-essential amino acids, 1% penicillin/streptomycin/ampicillin, 1% vitamin solution, and 1% l-glutamine in 5% CO(2) in humidified air at 38.5±0.5 °C. After 6 days of culture different types of cells viz., star shaped (62.7%), spherical without nucleus (1.9%), spherical with nucleus (26.4%), pentagonal (0.4%), and free floating/rounded cells (8.3%) were observed. Most of the cells started anchorage-dependent growth after day 7 of the culture. Expression of alkaline phosphatase (AP) and Oct-4, Nestin and FGF-5 were observed from the AF cells at different passages. Using species-specific primers, a PCR amplicon of 200, 296 and 210 bp were observed for Oct-4, Nestin and FGF-5, respectively. The cells were found to have a normal karyotype at different passages. These results may contribute towards establishing non-embryonic pluripotent stem cells for various therapeutic and reproductive biotechnological applications in the species.     

Neurogenic Differentiation of EGFP Gene Transfected Amniotic Fluid‐Derived Stem Cells from Pigs at Intermediate and Late Gestational Ages

The aims of this study were (i) to determine whether amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells (amniotic fluid‐derived stem; AFS cells) could be isolated from pigs at intermediate and late gestational ages, and (ii) to determine if these AFS cells could be differentiated in vitro into neural lineages following transfection with a reporter gene, enhanced green fluorescence protein (EGFP). Amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells were isolated from embryonic day 60 and day 110 porcine amniotic fluid respectively, and transfected with EGFP gene using lipofection. The transfected AFS cells were induced to differentiate into cells of neuronal lineages. Markers associated with undifferentiated AFS cells and their neural derivatives were tested by polymerase chain reaction. The results demonstrated that porcine AFS cells could be isolated at intermediate and late gestational ages and that transfected AFS expressed EGFP and could be induced to differentiate in vitro. Undifferentiated AFS cells expressed POU5F1, THY1 and SOX2, while following differentiation cells expressed markers for astrocytes (GFAP), oligodendrocytes (GALC) and neurons (NF, ENOS and MAP2).     

Comparison of equine bone marrow-, umbilical cord matrix and amniotic fluid-derived progenitor cells

The aim of the study was to compare in vitro the stemness features of horse progenitor cells derived from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), amniotic fluid (AF-MSCs) and umbilical cord matrix (EUC-MSCs). It has been suggested that there may be a stem cell population within both umbilical cord matrix and amniotic fluid. However, little knowledge exists about the characteristics of these progenitor cells within these sources in the equine species. This study wanted to investigate an alternative and non-invasive stem cell source for the equine tissue engineering and to learn more about the properties of these cells for future cell banking. Bone marrow, umbilical cord and amniotic fluid samples were harvested from different horses. Cells were analyzed for proliferation, immunocytochemical, stem cell gene expression and multilineage plasticity. BM- and AF-MSCs took similar time to reach confluence and showed comparable plating efficiency. All cell lines expressed identical stem cell markers and capability to differentiate towards osteogenic lineage. Almost all cell lines differentiated into the adipogenic lineage as demonstrated by cytochemical staining, even if no adipose gene expression was detectable for AF-MSCs. AF- and EUC-MSCs showed a limited chondrogenic differentiation compared with BM-MSCs as demonstrated by histological and biochemical analyses. These findings suggest that AF-MSCs appeared to be a readily obtainable and highly proliferative cell line from an uninvasive source that may represent a good model system for stem cell biology. More studies are needed to investigate their multilineage potential. EUC-MSCs need to be further investigated regarding their particular behavior in vitro represented by spheroid formation.     

犬脂肪间充质干细胞的分离培养及分化潜能研究

为获得犬脂肪间充质干细胞,本试验取犬腹股沟皮下脂肪组织,分别利用组织培养法和酶消化法分离犬脂肪来源间充质干细胞,对比观察不同来源细胞的形态和增殖特征,并通过诱导液促进细胞向成骨细胞和成脂细胞方向分化,检测其分化潜能。结果表明,通过组织培养法培养的青年犬脂肪组织,可获得大量脂肪间充质干细胞,该细胞生长旺盛,形态均一,可分化为碱性磷酸酶染色阳性的成骨细胞和油红O染色阳性成脂细胞。组织培养法分离培养犬脂肪间充质干细胞操作简单,可为细胞移植治疗等研究提供充足的细胞来源。     

Study on Inducing Equine Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiated into Chondrocytes

This study was aimed to establish equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs) line and induce it to differentiate into chondrocytes. The BMSCs were collected by cutting the bone and flushing the cutting surface by PBS, and then the bone marrow was washed with PBS,the collected cells were cultured after centrifugation. The cells were purified by passaging,the stem cell properties were tested before the induction. And the cells were also appraised by the expression of the special gene of chondrocytes as well as staining the differentiated cells with Alcian blue to insure the induction was effective. The obtained BMSCs expressed Sox2 and Nanog genes, which were the stem cell special genes, and also expressed CD44, CD90 and CD105 genes, but absent of CD34 and CD45 genes. The shapes of the 3rd passage BMSCs were changed after cultured in inducing medium for a few days. Furthermore, the cells were positive to Alcian blue staining, increased expression of the Col special gene of chondrocyte day by day as well. According to this study, the BMSC line was established, and the BMSCs were induced and differentiate into chondrocytes successfully.     

马骨髓间充质干细胞向软骨细胞的诱导分化

试验旨在建立马骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs）细胞系,并诱导其向软骨细胞分化。通过获取马BMSCs,进行细胞培养和纯化,对第3代（P3）细胞进行干细胞特性鉴定,并诱导其向软骨细胞分化,对分化后的细胞染色,并检测其软骨细胞特异性基因的表达。结果显示,获得的马BMSCs表达标记基因Sox2和Nanog,并表达间充质干细胞表面标记因子CD44、CD90和CD105,不表达造血细胞表面标志物CD34和CD45。P3代细胞经诱导培养后形态发生改变,阿尔新蓝染色为阳性,并表达软骨细胞特异基因Col,且其表达量随着诱导分化时间的增加而增高。综上表明,本试验建立了马BMSC细胞系,并成功诱导其分化为软骨细胞,为软骨损伤的干细胞治疗提供了试验依据。