兰引3号结缕草组织培养研究

以兰引3号结缕草茎段为外植体,采用正交试验方法,研究了植物激素GA3,IBA和6-BA对兰引3号结缕草匍匐茎带芽茎段发芽,生根和生长的影响,结果表明:MS+GA30.5 mg/L+IBA 0.1mg/L是促进兰引3号结缕草试管苗茎段发芽,生根及生长的最优组合培养基,MS+GA31.0 mg/L+IBA 0.1 mg/L是适宜兰引3号结缕草试管苗茎段发芽,生根和生长的较优组合培养基。     

疏叶骆驼刺茎段离体快繁技术的研究

以疏叶骆驼刺Alhagi sparsifolia无菌苗茎段为外植体,探讨了不同浓度6 苄氨基嘌呤（6 BA）和萘乙酸（NAA）、水解糖蛋白（LH）、赤霉素（GA3）在疏叶骆驼刺茎段离体快繁中的作用以及NAA在生根时的作用。结果表明：1）当NAA浓度为0.1 mg/L时,降低6 BA浓度,有利于芽的生长,反之,有利于丛生芽分化;2）LH 能促进苗的生长,增加芽分化能力,MS+ 0.5 mg/L 6 BA +0.1 mg/L NAA+1.5 g/L LH为疏叶骆驼刺茎段快繁最佳培养基,增殖倍数为6.8;3）GA3对骆驼刺茎段离体培养无显著促进作用;4）1/2 MS+0.1 mg /L NAA为最佳生根培养基,生根率为71.7%。     

结缕草组织培养及农杆菌介导转化的主要因子优化

以破除休眠的结缕草种子为试材,对其愈伤组织的诱导、分化及农杆菌介导法转化的主要因子作了研究.结果表明,结缕草种子愈伤组织的诱导以含2,4-D 1 mg/L NAA 3 mg/L、分化以含6-BA 3 mg/L KT 3.5 mg/L、生根以含NAA 0.3 mg/L的MS培养基为佳.GUS瞬间表达研究表明,以继代培养2周的愈伤组织为起始材料,采用负压处理和农杆菌感染10 min,尔后在光条件下共培养转化为佳.     

草地早熟禾高效丛生芽体系的建立

本试验以草地早熟禾无菌种子苗茎尖为外植体,建立了高效的草地早熟禾丛生芽离体培养体系.结果表明:茎尖在附加0.5 mg/L 2,4-D和3.0 mg/L 6-BA的MS培养基上可诱导茎尖部位基部膨大,且诱导率最高.膨大的基部在2.0mg/L6-BA的丛生芽诱导培养基上,其诱导频率最大,然后将丛生芽转入附加3.0mg/L6-BA和0.07mg/L2,4-D的培养基上可进行继代培养,丛生芽在1/2MS培养基上生根率达100%.     

铁皮石斛的组织培养和快速无性繁殖

为了提高铁皮石斛在快速繁殖中的繁殖系数,缩短育苗的周期。以铁皮石斛的带节茎段为外植体,以MS培养基为基本培养基,采用正交实验的设计方法筛选出铁皮石斛在不定芽的诱导和不定芽增殖过程中6-BA、NAA、GA的最佳浓度配比,还研究了不同浓度NAA和IBA对铁皮石斛生根的影响。结果表明:不定芽诱导最佳的激素浓度配比为2 mg/L+6-BA 0.2 mg/LNAA+0.2 mg/LGA,不定芽增殖最佳的激素浓度配比为1 mg/L6-BA+0.5 mg/LNAA+0.2 mg/LGA,只添加NAA对不定芽生根有促进作用,当NAA浓度为0.3 mg/L时,不定芽生根效果最好。     

蒺藜苜蓿子叶节高频再生系统的建立

通过直接的芽器官发生途径,建立了蒺藜苜蓿Medicago truncatula子叶节外植体的高频植株再生体系.选用在高达5 mg/L 6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA)的种子萌发培养基上生长3 d的蒺藜苜蓿幼苗,制备获得由1片子叶和半个胚轴组成的子叶节外植体.以SH培养基为基本培养基,对不同浓度α-萘乙酸(NAA)和6-BA组合诱导不定芽形成条件进行优化的结果表明,不定芽诱导培养基中仅用浓度为4 mg/L 6-BA的平均不定芽数达到3.56,显著优于与其它生长调节物质组合的处理.     

钙和赤霉素浸种对干旱胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子萌发的影响

为了探讨钙和赤霉素对紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)种子萌发的影响,试验采用纸上发芽法,测定了在聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫条件下,不同浓度的CaCl_2、赤霉素(GA3)以及GA3+Ca Cl2复合液浸种处理对紫花苜蓿种子萌发期发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数的影响。结果表明:用5 mmol/L CaCl_2、50 mg/L赤霉素(GA3)以及50 mg/L GA_3+5 mmol/L CaCl_2溶液浸种都能促进PEG胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子的萌发,提高紫花苜蓿种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,提高紫花苜蓿种子的活力。     

药桑用离体冬芽组织培养和用枝条扦插繁殖的试验

来自新疆地区的天然多倍体药桑属于黑桑(Morus nigra)种质资源,具有较高的药用价值,故应用组织培养和扦插的方法解决药桑嫁接繁殖困难的问题,以满足药用开发所需。运用Box-Behnken模型分析培养基中不同诱导物质含量对药桑冬芽愈伤组织诱导率的影响程度为6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-BA)浓度赤霉素(GA3)浓度聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)浓度,3种诱导物质的最佳用量为2.21 mg/L 6-BA、0.39 mg/L GA3、0.79 g/L PVP,在此条件下药桑冬芽愈伤组织诱导率预测可达79.32%,验证试验的愈伤组织诱导率为78.57%,但通过愈伤组织培养再生植株较困难。在低浓度激素下冬芽萌发的小芽能够在1.0mg/L 6-BA+0.1 mg/L萘乙酸(NAA)的MS培养基中生长,继续在添加0.5 mg/L吲哚丁酸(IBA)的1/2 MS培养基中可诱导出有根系的再生植株且移栽后能成活,由愈伤组织形成丛生芽的再生率达到57.69%。用含冬芽的药桑枝条进行扦插试验,其扦插生根率较低,仅15%左右。上述试验结果表明,虽然然用组织培养方法和扦插方法均能获得药桑的再生植株,但需要进一步优化组织培养和扦插条件提升药桑的无性繁殖效率。     

铁线莲‘Blekitny Aniol’组织培养及再生体系建立

对铁线莲(Clematis florida‘Blekitny Aniol’)的带芽茎段进行诱导产生无菌苗,并对其叶片和茎段进行愈伤组织诱导成苗的分化研究,成功建立了铁线莲组织培养再生体系。结果表明,带芽茎段诱导腋芽最佳培养基为MS+1mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA,腋芽萌发率为100.0%;茎段诱导愈伤最适宜培养基为MS+2 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.01mg·L~(-1)NAA,诱导率为78.3%;叶片诱导愈伤组织最适宜的培养基为MS+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA,诱导率为81.7%;愈伤组织分化的最佳培养基为1/2MS+1 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA,分化率可达25.0%;最适宜不定芽的增殖培养基为1/2MS+3 mg·L~(-1)6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(-1)NAA,增殖倍数为4.94;筛选出最优的生根培养基组合为1/2MS+0.05 mg·L~(-1)NAA,生根率为70.2%。本研究将为铁线莲的推广应用提供参考,也为其他铁线莲属植物引种和开发利用奠定了基础。     

杨梅地方品种‘浪荡子’组培快繁体系建立

杨梅品种‘浪荡子’是优良的地方品种。本文以茎尖、茎段为材料，对‘浪荡子’杨梅进行了组培快繁技术的研究。结果表明：以春季3～5月份取样为最佳时期；外植体先用75%乙醇浸泡50～60s，再用0.1%升汞处理7min这个消毒处理组合效果最好；在WPM 0.15 mg/ L 6-BA 0.03 mg/ L NAA 1.0 g/ L PVP培养基上芽萌动和茎伸长效果最好；在WPM 1.2 mg/ L 6-BA 0.1 mg/ L NAA 0.5 mg/ LGA3 1.0 g/ L PVP培养基上新芽增殖的效果最好。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.