共和县牦牛牛皮蝇病防治效果调查

<正>2014年3~5月份采用触摸牦牛背部皮蝇瘤疱的方法调查牦牛400头,其中防治牛288头,感染28头,感染率9.72%,平均感染强度2.55;未防治牛112头,感染32头,感染率28.57%,平均感染强度4.25。牛皮蝇病是牛皮蝇幼虫寄生于牛的背部皮下组织内引起的一种慢性人畜共患寄生虫病,感染后就会不同程度的影响牦牛生产性能。为及时掌握本地区牛皮蝇病的感染情况,进一步巩固共和县牛皮蝇病防治效果,加大     

玉树州牛皮蝇病防治工作回顾

为掌握玉树州2011年牛皮蝇病防治效果,了解2012牛皮蝇感染情况,从对2012年3月份和5月份对玉树、治多、称多、曲麻莱四县组织开展了牛皮蝇防治效果考核及感染情况调查。结果显示,防治牛群的牛皮蝇感染率和感染强度均在控制范围内,通过对未防治牛群与防治牛群的比较,未防治牛的牛皮蝇感染率和感染强度明显高于防治牛,防治效果差异显著。     

大通县牛皮蝇病防治工作报告

对大通县近几年牛皮蝇病防治工作进行了全面部署。对牛皮蝇病防治效果进行了考核，在2006年三、五月份共调查牛1155头，其中已防治牛923头，未防治牛232头，在从防治效果来看，整个三、五月份的感染率为17，3％，平均瘤疱数为1．4个，其中已防治牛的感染率为9．9％，平均瘤疱数为0.48个，未防治牛的感染率为46．6％，平均瘤疱数为2.3个，幼年牛的感染率高，牛皮蝇感染与地区、饲养方式有很大关系。     

共和县牛皮蝇病防治效果简报

一、防治前的调查:我县防治牛皮蝇病已历时4年,防治前的1983年3月和5月两次对全县12个乡39个点进行了,45次调查,检查牛4519头,感染率为63.44％,感染强度6.8个,感染范围0—148个。二、防治效果的调查:每年10月10日到11月上旬用倍硫磷肌肉注射防治牛皮蝇,翌年的3—5月份进行防治效果考核。4年共抽查牛10391头(次),平均感染率为23.35％,感染强度0.99,范围0—68个,     

门源县连续三年的牛皮蝇防治效果

据1983年调查得知,我县牛皮蝇感染率之高,强度之大,居于我州所属各县的首位,平均感染率达84.36％,个别地区高达95.93％,平均感染强度12.61个,严重地危害着牛只的健康、生产性能以及畜产品质量,甚至造成死亡,特别是幼畜的死亡,给养牛业带来巨大的威胁和损失。经过连续三年的防治工作,取得了一定成绩。一、牛皮蝇幼虫的考核结果: 1.牛皮蝇感染情况:三年共调查牛     

玉树地区牦牛皮蝇蛆病防治效果观察

采用阿维菌素泼背剂对306头幼年牦牛进行牛皮蝇病的防治,并于2007年4月进行了防治效果的考察,结果防治群感染率为阴性,而对照群的感染率为99.33%,感染强度4.77个瘤包/牛。     

牦牛牛皮蝇感染情况调查

牛皮蝇是一种对牛危害比较严重的外部寄生虫,成熟的幼虫主要是在牛的背部皮肤下组织内进行寄生,严重影响了牛的生长发育,导致牛消瘦、泌乳下降甚至发育不良等。从本次调查研究结果可知,青海省海晏县金滩乡牦牛感染牛皮蝇的情况不严重,感染率为10%左右,7月份的感染率为9.50%,每个月的平均感染数为1.88～2.26。     

牛皮蝇蚴病给皮张造成的损失严重

牛皮蝇蚴病的幼虫主要寄生在牛的腰背部,使腰背部皮肤损伤,形成虻眼和虻虰,直接影响牛皮张的使用和经济价值。1989年我们分别在兰州皮革厂和甘肃永登秦川金牛皮革厂,对该病给皮张造成的损失进行了实地调查。词查结果表明,兰州皮革厂检查牛兰湿皮50张,虻眼、虻虰的感染率为100%,感染强度2—430个/张,平均141个/张。秦川金牛皮革厂检查牛兰湿皮100张,其中等外皮50张,以虻眼为主,感染率96%,感染强度10—830个/张,平均159.5个/张。一级皮50张,以虻虰为主,感染率为98%,感染强度9—924个/张,平均116个/张。     

牛皮蝇病停止防治二年后回升严重

为了控制牛皮蝇病,80306部队牧场在1982—1984年用倍硫磷肌肉注射的方法连续防治三年,牛皮蝇的感染率和平均感染强度分别从1982年的85,43％和5.92个下降到1985年的0.97％和0.016个,为全省防治效果最好的一个单位。为了探索规律,给全省防治牛皮蝇病提供科学依据,1985年有意停止防治一年。1986年牛皮蝇防治效果考核结果与1985年同期相比,感染率由0.97％升高到22.73％,     

倍硫磷防治牛皮蝇蚴病效果观察

牛皮蝇蚴病在我省分布很广,其幼虫阶段主要寄生于牛的腰背部,对犊牛危害严重。冯兰洲氏于1953年在天祝松山共检查了300多头牛,几乎全部感染。甘南地区和乌鞘岭一带牦牛皮蝇蚴病亦非常严重,感染率几乎100%。农区耕牛的牛皮蝇蚴病感染率也很高,如张家川县阎家乡草川梁牛皮蝇蚴病感染率为87%,夏河县成年牛感染率为65%,临夏州全州感染率为41.1%,康乐县景古乡为100%。本病不仅使牛的产奶量损失20%,产肉量损失10—15%,硝制后皮甘损失25%,而且能造成牛只冬春季节的大批瘦弱死亡,尤其是1—2岁的犊牛,因此对牛皮蝇蚴病的防治十分必要。我们于1988年开展了倍硫磷防治牛皮蝇病的试验和推广工     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.