抑制素、激活素与雌性动物繁殖生理

抑制素-激活素-卵泡抑素轴系统在动物繁殖生理中的作用日益突出,它参与调节下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴系统,调节腺垂体FSH的分泌和合成;并可作为自分泌或旁分泌因子调节卵泡的发育和成熟.本综述着重阐述INH、ACT在雌性动物生殖调控、卵泡发育中的作用及其在生产中的应用.     

microRNA对哺乳动物卵泡发育的影响

卵巢是动态变化的实质性器官,一个发情周期内卵巢上的卵泡始终经历着募集、选择、优势化等生理过程。卵母细胞以及外周的颗粒细胞和膜细胞共同组成卵巢上功能性单位—卵泡,卵泡发育受卵泡生殖细胞和体细胞间内分泌、自分泌、旁分泌的共同调控。microRNA (miRNA)是一种重要的转录后调控方式,通过与靶基因的3'-UTR结合转录后抑制或降解靶基因的方式,在调控动物卵巢卵泡的发生、发育、颗粒细胞增殖、凋亡及类固醇激素合成分泌等方面发挥重要作用。本文主要对miRNA在哺乳动物卵泡发育中的最新研究进展,包括miRNA对卵泡发育、颗粒细胞、膜细胞功能的影响及其在卵巢上的表达分析等进行综述。通过了解miRNA在卵泡发育中的作用,为进一步解析哺乳动物繁殖性状调控的分子机制奠定基础。     

miRNA调节卵泡颗粒细胞凋亡及其机制的研究进展

微小核糖核酸(microRNA,miRNA)是一类内源性非编码RNA,具有广泛的基因表达调控作用,可以在转录后水平通过影响靶基因来调控相应蛋白质的表达,进而调节细胞的生命活动。miRNA在哺乳动物卵泡颗粒细胞中表达,并调控颗粒细胞的凋亡。颗粒细胞作为卵巢卵泡中数量最多的细胞群,在卵泡发育过程中起着至关重要的作用,不仅为卵母细胞提供营养物质,还调控其发育和成熟。颗粒细胞凋亡是导致卵泡闭锁的重要原因,影响卵泡的数量和质量从而影响雌性动物的繁殖性能。颗粒细胞凋亡过程受多种因素的调控。文章简述了miRNA对卵巢颗粒细胞凋亡的调控作用及其机制,其中包括miRNA通过调控激素分泌和细胞凋亡相关因子的表达进而调节颗粒细胞的凋亡,miRNA对颗粒细胞凋亡相关信号通路的影响,miRNA调控颗粒细胞凋亡导致的卵巢相关疾病,并总结了对颗粒细胞凋亡有调控作用的miRNA,以及miRNA在疾病诊断和治疗中的潜在作用,以期为后续相关卵巢疾病的发病机制和治疗方案研究,以及提高雌性哺乳动物生殖性能提供指导和参考。     

抑制素、激活素与雌性动物繁殖生理

抑制素－激活素－卵泡抑素轴系统在动物繁殖生理中的作用日益突出，它参与调节下丘脑垂体－卵巢轴系统，调节腺垂体FSH的分泌和合成，并可作为自分泌或旁分泌因子调节卵泡的发育和成熟，本综述着重阐述INH，ACT在雌性动物生殖调控，卵泡发育中的作用及其在生产中的应用。     

miRNA调控哺乳动物卵泡发育和卵母细胞成熟的研究进展

雌性哺乳动物的卵泡发育和卵母细胞成熟受繁殖关键基因的时空调控,miRNA作为一类小的非编码RNA,调节大部分此类基因的表达。近十几年来,研究者通过高通量测序、敲除miRNA生成过程中的关键基因以及过表达或抑制miRNA表达等方法找到了大量与哺乳动物卵泡发育和卵母细胞生长相关的miRNAs。通过研究这些miRNAs及其靶基因的互作关系,最终确定其在哺乳动物卵泡发育和卵母细胞成熟中的作用。本文综述了雌性哺乳动物主要生殖细胞及细胞外miRNAs在卵泡发育和卵母细胞成熟过程中的表达及潜在作用,以期为深入探究雌性哺乳动物繁殖调控机制提供参考。     

抑制素-活化素-卵泡抑素系统研究进展

抑制素、活化素和卵泡抑素主要由垂体细胞和卵巢颗粒细胞分泌,是细胞转化生长因子超家族的成员.抑制素-活化素-卵泡抑素系统作为卵巢卵泡内局部调节因子,通过内分泌机制调节垂体卵泡刺激素的分泌,通过旁分泌和自分泌的机制调节卵巢卵泡的发育、闭锁和黄体化过程,进而调节动物的生殖活动.本文综述了抑制素-活化素-卵泡抑素系统的结构特性...     

蛋鸡卵泡发育及其表观遗传调控机制研究进展

家禽的繁殖性能、产蛋性能与卵泡的正常发育和排卵密切相关。家禽卵巢中大部分的卵泡在发育过程中发生闭锁，只有大约不到5%的卵泡可以从原始卵泡发育至成熟卵泡并排卵。鸡的卵泡发育主要受内在因素(激素和细胞因子等)和外在因素(营养水平等)调节。近来，越来越多的研究发现表观遗传也在卵泡发育中起着重要的调控作用。表观遗传学是指在DNA序列不发生改变的情况下，基因表达及表型产生可遗传的变化。因此，文章综述了蛋鸡卵泡发育的过程及主要影响因素，同时从DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、非编码RNA调控以及RNA修饰4个方面综述了表观遗传在卵泡发育中的可能调控机制，旨在为提高家禽生产性能提供一定的理论基础。     

维生素E对鹅反季节繁殖卵泡发育的调节作用及研究现状

鹅的繁殖具有典型的季节特征,最终导致全年不均衡生产,使市场供需不足,价格波动较大。维生素E对家禽保持正常繁殖机能发挥重要作用。但关于维生素E对鹅产蛋基因、卵泡发育调控、生殖器官以及反季节繁殖卵泡发育过程中细胞凋亡基因Dicer和产蛋性能候选基因(CGLP)等表达影响的相关研究鲜见报道。本文就维生素E对调节种鹅反季节繁殖卵泡发育的研究现状及其展望作一综述。     

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶在哺乳动物卵巢发育中的调控作用及其机制北大核心CSCD

腺苷酸活化蛋白激酶(AMPK)信号通路作为调节细胞能量代谢状态的中心环节,是调控哺乳动物繁殖性能的关键因子。已有研究表明,AMPK在哺乳动物卵巢发育中主要通过介导葡萄糖、胰岛素样生长因子-1(IGF-1)、促卵泡素(FSH)、脂联素等发挥功能。本文就AMPK在哺乳动物卵巢发育中的调控作用及其机制进行综述,旨在引起人们对AMPK调控卵巢发育的关注,并为卵巢疾病的治疗提供一定参考。     

母猪的生殖生理因素

1母猪的性发育与繁殖生理 1.1生殖器官发育 1.1.1卵巢发育 主要在胚胎期进行,从胚胎的50 d正式开始到出生后1月龄左右(断奶).这样的卵母细胞和原始卵泡细胞发育是不需要类固醇激素的激活的. 1.1.2卵泡、子宫、生殖道发育 主要在出生后70- 140日龄,这时需要雌激素激活. 1.2繁殖生理过程的激素调控 1.2.1发情 当卵巢大量卵泡发育成熟时,这些卵泡的雌二醇分泌增加,延长了下丘脑促性腺激素释激素的释放,GnRH促进卵巢促黄体素的分泌;在此过程中,雌二醇同时促进发情行为和生殖器官形态改变,即有了发情的外观特征,以静立反射为发情是否开始的识别.     

Cellular and extracellular vesicular origins of miRNAs within the bovine ovarian follicle

The ovarian follicle components must provide an ideal environment to ensure the success of reproductive processes, and communication between follicular cells is crucial to support proper oocyte growth. Recently, it has been demonstrated that the presence of extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying microRNAs (miRNAs) in follicular fluid represents an important autocrine and paracrine communication mechanism inside the ovarian follicle. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the miRNA content of EVs isolated from ovarian follicular (granulosa and cumulus–oocyte complexes) cell‐conditioned culture media is dependent upon cell type. We initially screened bovine granulosa cells (GCs) and cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs), as well as their derived EVs for 348 miRNAs using real‐time PCR, and detected 326 miRNAs in GCs and COCs cells and 62 miRNAs in GCs and COCs EVs. A bioinformatics analysis of the identified cell‐specific and differentially expressed miRNAs predicted that they likely modulate important cellular processes, including signalling pathways such as the PI3K‐Akt, MAPK and Wnt pathways. By investigating the origins of miRNAs within the follicular fluid, the results of this study provide novel insights into follicular miRNA content and intercellular communication that may be of invaluable use in the context of reproductive technologies, diagnostic of ovarian‐related diseases and/or the identification of biomarkers for oocyte and embryo quality.     

Identification and comparative profiling of gonadal microRNAs in the adult pigeon (Columba livia)

ABSTRACT

1. MicroRNAs are small noncoding RNA molecules that play crucial roles in gene expression. However, the comparative profiling of testicular and ovarian microRNAs in birds are rarely reported, particularly in pigeon.

2. In this study, Illumina next-generation sequencing technology was used to sequence miRNA libraries of the gonads from six healthy adult utility pigeons. A total of 344 conserved known miRNAs and 32 novel putative miRNAs candidates were detected. Compared with those of ovaries, 130 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs were identified in the testes. Among them, 70 miRNAs showed down-regulation in the ovaries, while another 60 miRNAs were up-regulated.

3. Combining the results of the expression of target gene measurements and pathway enrichment analyses, it was revealed that some DEmiRNAs from the gonad samples involved in sexual differentiation and development (such as cli-miR-210-3p and cli-miR-214-3p) could down-regulate AR (androgen receptor). Cli-miR-181b-5p, cli-miR-9622-3p and cli-miR-145-5p were highly expressed in both the ovaries and testes, which could co-target HOXC9, and were related to regulation of primary metabolic processes. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that DEmiRNAs may play biological and sex-related roles in pigeon gonads.

4. The expression profiles of testicular and ovarian miRNA in adult pigeon gonads are presented for the first time, and the findings may contribute to a better understanding of gonadal expression in poultry.     

弓形虫感染鼠脾细胞microRNA表达谱的检测分析

MicroRNA（miRNA）是一类约22个核苷酸组成的单链非编码RNA,在分化、发育、肿瘤形成等方面起着重要作用。本研究对弓形虫RH株感染小鼠脾细胞miRNA的表达进行了特异性基因芯片检测分析,并应用荧光定量RT-PCR方法进行验证。结果表明,感染鼠脾细胞中与免疫应答及细胞增殖和肿瘤发生相关的三大类miRNA中,有39种表达下调,同时有36种表达上调。上述结果揭示,弓形虫感染机体后伴随着靶细胞功能性miRNA表达谱的显著改变,这为进一步研究弓形虫感染致病的分子机制开辟了新的方向。     

香猪卵巢circ_CSPP1的鉴定及功能预测分析

研究旨在揭示香猪卵巢组织中circ_CSPP1的潜在功能。利用CIRI-full拼接circ_CSPP1的序列，circBase数据库在线blat分析circ_CSPP1的保守性，采用RT-PCR和Sanger测序技术从香猪卵巢分离和鉴定circ_CSPP1，采用miRanda、RNAhybrid和PITA软件预测和分析circ_CSPP1结合的miRNA分子及miRNA的靶基因，对靶基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析。结果显示，分离到的circ_CSPP1是保守的，由CSPP1基因的外显子8~12组成，可作为ssc-miR-324、ssc-miR-10a-5p、ssc-miR-9847-3p、ssc-miR-365-5p、ssc-miR-92b-5p、ssc-miR-885-3p、ssc-miR-7139-3p、ssc-miR-9851-3p和ssc-miR-33b-3p等14个miRNAs的分子海绵，靶向755个蛋白编码基因。GO富集分析表明，circ_CSPP1的靶基因显著富集到153个GO条目，其中细胞成熟、细胞分裂位点、细胞迁移的负调控、Wnt信号通路、细胞周期蛋白结合、子宫发育、MAPK活性的激活、黏着斑和卵裂沟等条目与卵巢功能相关。KEGG富集分析表明，circ_CSPP1的靶基因富集到260个信号通路，其中显著富集的有29个信号通路，主要富集于癌症通路、细胞周期、雌激素信号通路、PI3K-AKT信号通路、卵巢类固醇生成、催产素信号通路和细胞凋亡等信号通路。综上，circ_CSPP1可作为许多miRNA的分子海绵调控香猪卵巢颗粒细胞的增殖与凋亡、卵泡成熟、排卵过程、卵巢类固醇生成和卵巢早衰等生物学过程。     

Integrated analysis of miRNA–mRNA interaction in ovaries of Turpan Black Sheep during follicular and luteal phases

To investigate the regulatory mechanism of the follicular–luteal phase transition in Turpan black sheep (Ovis aries), the genome-wide expression patterns of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes were investigated in ovaries of six sheep (3 years and single lamb with 3 consecutive births) during follicular and luteal phases of the oestrous cycle. Bioinformatic analysis was used to screen potential miRNAs and genes related to Turpan black sheep ovarian function. RT-qPCR was used to validate the sequencing results. In total, we identified 139 known and 71 novel miRNAs in the two phases with miRNA-seq, and a total of 19 miRNAs were significantly differentially expressed, of which 7 were up-regulated and 12 were down-regulated in the follicular phase compared with luteal phase. A total of 150 genes were significantly differentially expressed, including 63 up-regulated and 87 down-regulated in the follicular phase compared with the luteal phase by RNA-seq data analysis. Those DEGs were significantly enriched in 103 GO terms and several KEGG pathways, including metabolic pathway, ovarian steroidogenesis, steroid hormone biosynthesis and oestrogen signalling pathway. In addition, we created a miRNA–mRNA regulatory network to further elucidate the mechanism of follicular–luteal transition. Finally, we identified key miRNAs and genes including miR-143, miR-99a, miR-150, miR-27a, miR-125b, STAR, STAT1, which might play crucial roles in reproductive hormone biosynthesis and follicular development. The miRNA–mRNA interactive network clearly illustrates molecular basis involving in follicular–luteal transition.     

Profiling microRNA expression in bovine alveolar macrophages using RNA-seq

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression and are known to play a key role in regulating both adaptive and innate immunity. Bovine alveolar macrophages (BAMs) help maintain lung homeostasis and constitute the front line of host defense against several infectious respiratory diseases, such as bovine tuberculosis. Little is known, however, about the role miRNAs play in these cells. In this study, we used a high-throughput sequencing approach, RNA-seq, to determine the expression levels of known and novel miRNAs in unchallenged BAMs isolated from lung lavages of eight different healthy Holstein–Friesian male calves. Approximately 80 million sequence reads were generated from eight BAM miRNA Illumina sequencing libraries, and 80 miRNAs were identified as being expressed in BAMs at a threshold of at least 100 reads per million (RPM). The expression levels of miRNAs varied over a large dynamic range, with a few miRNAs expressed at very high levels (up to 800,000 RPM), and the majority lowly expressed. Notably, many of the most highly expressed miRNAs in BAMs have known roles in regulating immunity in other species (e.g. bta-let-7i, bta-miR-21, bta-miR-27, bta-miR-99b, bta-miR-146, bta-miR-147, bta-miR-155 and bta-miR-223). The most highly expressed miRNA in BAMs was miR-21, which has been shown to regulate the expression of antimicrobial peptides in Mycobacterium leprae-infected human monocytes. Furthermore, the predicted target genes of BAM-expressed miRNAs were found to be statistically enriched for roles in innate immunity. In addition to profiling the expression of known miRNAs, the RNA-seq data was also analysed to identify potentially novel bovine miRNAs. One putatively novel bovine miRNA was identified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first RNA-seq study to profile miRNA expression in BAMs and provides an important reference dataset for investigating the regulatory roles miRNAs play in this important immune cell type.     

miRNA在哺乳动物性腺发育中的功能

MicroRNA(miRNA)作为一种内源性的非编码RNA,以影响靶基因表达的方式来调节机体功能。miRNA能调控哺乳动物性腺(睾丸和卵巢)的发育,促进精子与卵母细胞的分化成熟,影响受精卵的发育过程,并可能作为诊断生殖疾病卵巢癌的重要指标。本文对miRNA的生物合成过程,miRNA在哺乳动物性腺发育以及卵巢癌变过程中的调控功能进行了综述,提出该领域主要发展方向是miRNA在哺乳动物性腺发育中的体内功能研究,希望以分子生物学和生物信息学手段,从分子、系统等不同角度阐明单一某种miRNA在哺乳动物性腺发育及卵巢癌变过程中的具体调节机制和信号通路情况。这为研究哺乳动物生殖疾病,选育畜牧生产中优质品种提供了新的思路和途径。     

miRNA在动物繁殖性能中的研究进展

miRNA是近年来发现的一类长度在18～25 nt的小分子RNA，它们不编码mRNA，但是在基因的转录水平或转录后水平上发挥重要的调控效应，控制着机体生长发育、分化、代谢和疾病等许多生物过程。近年来的研究表明，miRNA在哺乳动物生殖过程中起重要作用，miRNA表达异常与多种生殖道疾病密切相关．引起生殖力下降甚至不育。综述了miRNA的发现、生物合成与作用机制，以及在动物繁殖性能中的研究进展，以期为miRNA深入研究提供参考。     

microRNA与胎盘发育关系的研究进展

microRNA (miRNA)是一类大小约22 nt的内源性非编码RNA,它们通过剪切靶基因的转录产物或抑制靶基因转录产物的翻译,在转录后起到调控靶基因表达的作用。大量研究结果表明,动物体内的miRNA参与了胚胎的早期发育、脑和神经发育、心脏发育、肌肉及骨骼发育等动物发育的各个方面。已有证据表明,一些miRNA在胎盘中特异表达,在胎盘的正常发育过程中起到了重要作用。作者对参与胎盘发育的miRNAs进行了综述。     

破骨细胞相关MicroRNA研究进展

MicroRNA(miRNA)是一种非编码蛋白RNA,其长度约为22nt,广泛存在于真核生物细胞中,在生物的生长、发育和疾病发生等生物学过程中发挥着重要作用。随着对miRNA研究的不断深入,其在骨代谢方面的研究也逐渐展开。作为体内唯一一种负责骨吸收的细胞,破骨细胞(OC)在机体骨组织生理及病理性过程中占有重要地位。OC的形成和分化受多种因素调节,研究发现多种miRNA对OC有着调控作用,如miR-21、miR-422a和miR-148a能够促进OC形成,miR-124、miR-155和miR-503则抑制OC形成,除此以外,某些miRNA还能通过OC调控肿瘤骨转移。对这些机制的研究将从另一个层面揭示代谢性骨病的病因,并对临床治疗提供指导。论文对miRNA在OC形成和分化过程中的作用及机制进行综述。