甲硝唑对鸡传染性法氏囊病活疫苗免疫效果的影响

本研究观察了药物对传染性法氏囊病（IBD）活疫苗初次免疫和二次免疫的影响，结果显示高抗传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）母源抗体雏鸡IBD活疫苗初次免疫前应用10－100毫克／千克甲硝唑和10毫克／千克左旋咪唑，在免疫鸡血清抗IBDV抗体水平明显下降，甲硝唑用药鸡疫苗二次免疫后，血清抗IBDV抗体滴度明显高于未用药对照组。10毫克／千克左旋咪唑给药组疫苗二次免疫后鸡血清抗IBDV抗体滴度与未用药对照组无明显差别。     

传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫母鸡后子代雏鸡外周血液的B细胞和免疫球蛋白含量变化

应用免疫SPA菌体花环法和间接ELISE法对传染性法氏囊病（IBD）疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量进行了动态研究。结果发现：IBD疫苗免疫后，其子代雏鸡外周血液B细胞数量和IgG、IgM、IgA含量均不同程度地高于未免疫的相应对照雏鸡，表明IBD疫苗免疫母鸡后，其子代雏鸡外周血液的体液免疫功能明显增强。而传染性法氏囊病超强毒株攻击子代雏鸡后，未免疫子代雏鸡外周血液的上述各项指标均明显低于疫苗免疫的子代雏鸡，这与IBDV感染雏鸡后，其体液免疫中枢器官法氏囊严重损害，淋巴细胞变性坏死等有关，也是导致感染雏鸡免疫抑制的基础。     

缓释复方免疫增强剂对鸡传染性法氏囊病疫苗免疫增强效果研究

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是鸡的一种急性、高度接触性传染病，防治主要应用弱毒苗和灭活苗，但由于病毒变异和超强毒株出现，病原体混合感染，其它疾病引起免疫抑制，应激因素的刺激等，造成鸡IBD疫苗免疫效果不佳甚至失败。如何提高IBD疫苗的免疫效果已成为研究的热点。陆钢等（1995）在雏鸡免疫ND和IBD疫苗前后，以0．2％蜂花粉拌料，肌注芦荟提取液0．1mL／只，在二免后1个月时，ND和IBD效价较对照组提高1个滴度，差异极显著。     

浅谈鸡的饮水免疫

随着养鸡业的快速发展，鸡的饮水免疫以其方法简单、节省人力和物力而成为常用的免疫方法之一。适合于饮水免疫的疫苗有弱毒疫苗如新城疫Ⅳ系及克隆化弱毒疫苗、传染性囊病（IBD）弱毒冻干疫苗等，常用于预防新城疫和传染性囊病等，特别是鸡达到１２０日龄注射过新城疫灭活疫苗以后，应每间隔２个月饮一次新城疫Ⅳ系疫苗，以弥补机体体液免疫的不足，从而有效地控制鸡新城疫的发生。一、影响免疫效果的因素为什么有的鸡群免疫后效果较好，有的效果却不太明显呢？其主要原因如下。１．疫苗的质量因素：（１）国内生产疫苗的厂家很多，质量…     

传染性法氏囊病重组亚单位疫苗免疫持续时间的研究

以三批次传染性法氏囊病（IBD）重组亚单位疫苗分别免疫SPF雏鸡和产蛋鸡,以琼脂免疫扩散试验检测鸡血清抗体或卵黄抗体,以其阳性率达到80%为免疫期确定依据。试验结果表明,IBD重组亚单位疫苗对青年鸡及产蛋鸡接种一次的免疫期为15～16周。     

浅谈鸡传染性法氏囊病的防治

鸡传染性法氏囊病（IBD）是由传染性法氏囊病病毒（IBDV）引起的幼鸡的一种急性、高度接触性、免疫抑制性传染病。该病能诱发免疫抑制，使鸡体对多种疫苗的免疫应答能力下降，容易引起并发或继发其他多种疾病。该病发病突然，潜伏期为2～3d，病程短，呈双尖峰死亡曲线。随着养鸡业的迅速发展，传染性法氏囊病已经成为养鸡业生产中危害性最大的疾病之一。     

实施抗体监测防止鸡传染性法氏囊病的发生

鸡传染性法氏囊病（简称IBD）是严重威胁养鸡生产的疫病，要想对其进行有效的防制，除了采取严格的卫生消毒和隔离措施外，更重要的是实施合理的疫苗预防接种，以保证鸡群有较强的免疫力。但由于疫苗种类、免疫时机、鸡体的母源抗体水平等的不同，免疫失败时常发生。因此只有加强免疫监测，才能有效地控制该病。1抗体监测的基本方法目前，国内外对IBD抗体的检测主要采用病毒中和试验（VN）和酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）。上述方法虽具有较高的敏感性和特异性，但限于试验技术和设备等方面的原因，一般基层单位难以接受。琼脂扩散试验（…     

鸡传染性囊病的免疫接种问题

鸡传染性囊病（IBD）是一种高度接触性传染病，也是对生产威胁极大的免疫抑制性疾病。３～６周龄的雏鸡最易感染，且发病迅速，病情较重。另外，由于法氏囊发炎，使其免疫功能受到破坏，因而雏鸡经接种马立克氏病、新城疫等疫苗后不能产生理想的免疫反应，甚至免疫失败。不少专家、学者对IBD曾作过大量的研究与论述，对指导本病的防治起了极其重要的作用。本文仅就IBD的免疫问题作一评述。一、免疫现状（一）疫苗种类据了解，国外已问世的IBD致弱病毒疫苗不少于１４种，国内不少省的生物药厂也有生产。无论是进口的，还是国产的，目前…     

新型传染性法氏囊病疫苗研究进展

传染性法氏囊病（IBD ）病毒变异株及超强毒株的频频出现使IBD 常规疫苗的免疫失败不断发生。因此,发展更为有效、安全的新型疫苗己成为迫切需要。本文就近年来新型传染性法氏囊病疫苗研究进展作以综述。     

饮水免疫中存在的问题及其实际解答

实施饮水免疫，保护鸡群免受一些疾病的侵袭是最实用、最经济的免疫途径之一，这些疾病包括：鸡新城疫（ND）、传染性支气管炎（IB）、传染性喉气管炎（ILT）、传染性法氏囊病（IBD）和禽脑脊髓炎。然而，许多养鸡场实施了饮水免疫后，发现免疫效果很不理想，易发生免疫不良反应，而且，临床疾病仍然发生，而这一切都可能是不适当的饮水免疫造成的结果。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.