牛源犬新孢子虫AMA1基因的原核表达及免疫原性分析

为了解牛源犬新孢子虫AMA1基因蛋白特性及免疫原性,本试验以重组质粒PVAX1-NcAMA1为模板,PCR扩增NcAMA1基因,亚克隆至pGEX-4T-1表达载体;表达、纯化NcAMA1重组蛋白,并应用弗氏佐剂制备NcAMA1重组蛋白亚单位疫苗,接种BALB/c小鼠,间接ELISA方法检测小鼠血清抗体水平,用ELISA方法检测IFN-γ、IL-4表达水平。结果显示,表达的NcAMA1重组蛋白相对分子质量约为94 000(GST约为26 000、NcAMA1约为68 000),NcAMA1重组蛋白亚单位疫苗接种BALB/c小鼠后,能够诱导BALB/c小鼠产生较高的体液免疫水平和细胞免疫水平。本研究为利用该重组蛋白建立免疫学诊断方法及制备抗犬新孢子虫新型亚单位疫苗奠定了基础。     

新孢子虫NcSRS2和NcSAG1重组蛋白免疫小鼠诱导的免疫应答

为了研究新孢子虫NcSRS2和NcSAG1重组蛋白对动物的免疫效果,利用重组表达的NcSRS2和NcSAG1蛋白与弗氏佐剂混匀后免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测小鼠抗新孢子虫抗体水平和血清中IL-4和IFN-γ含量。结果表明,免疫后的BALB/c小鼠IgG、IgG2a和IFN-γ抗体表达水平升高,IgG1抗体和IL-4表达水平也升高,表明NcSRS2和NcSAG1重组蛋白可激发机体产生Th1型和Th2型免疫反应,且NcSRS2重组蛋白的免疫增强效果与NcSAG1重组蛋白免疫组的差异具有显著统计学意义(P0.05)。本研究结果为研制高效安全的抗新孢子虫的新型疫苗提供了参考。     

安氏隐孢子虫囊壁蛋白编码基因的克隆及原核表达

为克隆和原核表达安氏隐孢子虫囊壁蛋白(COWP)的部分编码基因(AB),本研究根据COWP基因序列设计引物,RT-PCR扩增目的基因AB,从而构建重组原核表达质粒pET-AB。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21,IPTG诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE以及western blot鉴定。回收并纯化重组蛋白,免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测细胞免疫和体液免疫水平。SDS-PAGE和western blot分析显示,重组蛋白约为16 ku,可以被HRP标记的抗组氨酸抗体和安氏隐孢子虫免疫的小鼠血清识别。经重组蛋白免疫的BALB/c小鼠抗体水平以及CD4+和CD8+的值均差异显著(p0.05),表明获得的重组蛋白具有一定的免疫原性。     

安氏隐孢子虫COWP部分编码基因的表达及免疫原性

依据NCBI中安氏隐孢子虫囊壁蛋白(COWP)编码基因设计特异性引物,提取安氏隐孢子虫长春株总RNA,RT-PCR扩增目的基因AF,构建重组原核表达载体pET28a-AF,通过大肠杆菌BL21诱导表达,产物经SDS-PAGE以及Western blotting鉴定。然后纯化重组蛋白,通过免疫BALB/c小鼠进行体液免疫和细胞免疫水平的检测。结果显示,重组原核表达质粒pET28a-AF构建成功,Western blotting显示重组蛋白约为18 000,可被安氏隐孢子虫免疫小鼠的多克隆抗体和HRP标记的抗组氨酸抗体识别。重组蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠的抗体水平差异显著(P0.05),与对照组相比,CD4+的值差异极显著(P0.01),而CD8+的值差异显著(P0.05)。结果表明,成功克隆并表达了重组安氏隐孢子虫囊壁蛋白,纯化的重组蛋白具有一定的免疫原性。     

水泡性口炎病毒核酸疫苗对BALB/c小鼠免疫原性研究

成功构建了pIRES-G1500基因的重组核酸疫苗质粒,用核酸疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠,测定注射质粒的小鼠细胞免疫和体液免疫指标相关参数的变化,评价核酸疫苗在体内表达效果。     

牛瑟氏泰勒虫P33-P23核酸疫苗研究

根据牛瑟氏泰勒虫主要表面蛋白基因p23和p33的已知序列,设计特异性引物,将克隆产物与pVAX1表达栽体连接,得到真核重组表达质粒pVAX1-p33-p23,脂质体介导其转染Hela细胞后进行表达产物的鏊定,最后进行BALB/c小鼠免疫试验.结果,目的基因在真核细胞内得到正确表达,动物免疫试验pVAX1-p33-p23核酸疫苗能够提高小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平,并且pVAX1-p33-p23免疫组的免疫效果均高于pVAX1-P33和pVAX1-P23免疫组(P＜0.05).从而证明,牛瑟氏泰勒虫的重组pVAX1-p33-p23核酸疫苗成功构建.     

弓形虫重组蛋白质疫苗和DNA疫苗的试验研究

目的:研究分析弓形虫重组蛋白质疫苗和DNA疫苗的实验研究方法。方法:拟分别构建含弓形虫靶抗原SAGl和GRA2的重组蛋白质疫苗和DNA疫苗,辅以合适的佐剂,优化免疫策略,选择合适途径免疫BALB/c小鼠,检测疫苗诱导小鼠的细胞免疫和体液免疫水平,最后进行免疫鼠抗攻击感染实验,观察小鼠生存时间,评价疫苗和佐剂的免疫保护效果,探讨疫苗和佐剂的作用性质与机理。结果:重组酵母表达载体pGAP-SAGl.GRA2成功构建,经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定正确;重组蛋白SAGl-GRA2在毕赤酵母中分泌表达,经Western blotting鉴定具有免疫原活性。弓形虫重组DNA疫苗pVAXl-GRA2、pVAXl-SAGl和pVAXl-SAGl-GRA2以及基因佐剂pVAXl-SPreS2成功构建,分别在HFF细胞中瞬时表达目的蛋白,经RT-PCR鉴定mRNA正确转录,Wester boltting鉴定表达产物具有免疫活性。结论:以SAG1-GRA2作为弓形虫蛋白质疫苗能够诱导小鼠产生体液免疫,同时也能够诱导小鼠产生Th1型细胞免疫,具有一定程度的抗弓形虫感染保护作用。     

安氏隐孢子虫肌动蛋白部分编码基因的表达及免疫保护性

以筛选安氏隐孢子虫T7噬菌体展示文库获得的肌动蛋白（CA42）部分编码基因的序列设计特异性引物,扩增目的基因CA42,构建重组表达载体pET-28a-CA42,通过大肠杆菌BL21的诱导表达,产物经SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting鉴定。然后纯化重组蛋白,免疫BALB／c进行体液和细胞免疫水平的检测,并观察重组蛋白对微小隐孢子虫的交叉保护性效果。结果显示,成功构建重组原核表达质粒pET-28a-CA42,Western-blotting显示重组蛋白约为19ku,能被安氏隐孢子虫免疫小鼠的多克隆抗体识别。重组蛋白免疫BALB／c小鼠的抗体水平差异显著（P〈0．05）,CD4^＋T淋巴细胞数差异均显著,CD4^4／CD8^＋T淋巴细胞数的值与佐剂对照组和空白对照组相比差异均显著（P〈0．05）。各组小鼠经接种微小隐孢子虫卵囊后,试验组与各对照组相比卵囊减少率为32．2％,差异均显著（P〈0．05）。结果表明,成功表达了重组安氏隐孢子虫肌动蛋白,纯化的重组蛋白具有一定的免疫原性和交叉保护性。     

猪圆环病毒与口蹄疫病毒二联重组鸡痘病毒的鉴定和BALB/c小鼠的免疫试验

以鸡痘病毒(FPV282E4)为活载体,用猪2型圆环病毒内蒙株的衣壳蛋白、与复制相关蛋白基因及O型口蹄疫结构蛋白基因作为目的基因,经同源重组的方法获得2个重组鸡痘毒,分别命名为:vUTALP1-ORF2-ORF1、vUTALP1-ORF2。在复制、转录和翻译水平对这2个重组毒进行鉴定,结果表明这2个重组毒均能表达目的蛋白。将它们免疫6～8周龄BALB/c小鼠,每隔19d免疫1次,共3次;每10d尾跟采血1次,三免后10d杀鼠取脾。用ELISA方法检测小鼠血清抗体效价,流式细胞仪检测脾T淋巴细胞亚类CD4+、CD8+数量。结果发现2个重组毒试验免疫组均是从最后一次采集的小鼠血清能获得最高的抗体效价,与对照组FPV相比都能产生一定的体液免疫反应,且以vUTALP1-ORF2-ORF1重组毒免疫小鼠产生的血清抗体效价最高;脾T淋巴细胞亚类数量测定发现,免疫试验组的CD4+与CD8+的T细胞亚类总数显著高于对照组(P0.05),并以vUTALP1-ORF2-ORF1数值较高。结果表明,这2个重组鸡痘毒既能较好的刺激细胞免疫又能产生一定的体液免疫,将作为候选活载体重组鸡痘毒进行本体动物免疫试验研究。     

猪Ⅱ型圆环病毒ORF2截短基因的表达纯化及动物免疫试验

在最佳诱导条件下获得猪圆环病毒Ⅱ型（PCV2）重组Cap蛋白,表达产物经可溶性分析表明该重组蛋白主要以包涵体形式存在。大量诱导表达重组Cap蛋白,利用His Bind蛋白质纯化试剂盒对表达产物进行纯化,通过Western blotting检测证明表达产物具有良好的免疫原性。用该纯化的重组蛋白作为亚单位疫苗,与本实验室所构建保存的pcDNA3.1-ORF2分别免疫BALB/c小鼠,对亚单位疫苗和基因疫苗做了对比试验,为进一步研制PCV2基因工程苗奠定良好的基础。     

牛新孢子虫NcSRS2基因腺病毒穿梭载体的构建及在293细胞中的表达

应用PCR技术扩增牛新孢子虫NcSRS2基因,纯化PCR产物后与克隆载体pMD18-T Simple Vector连接,将PCR、酶切鉴定及测序分析正确的pMD-18T-NcSRS2重组质粒进行EcoRⅠ和XbaⅠ双酶切,克隆至相同酶切回收后的腺病毒穿梭载体pCR259中,再将PCR、酶切鉴定正确的pCR259-NcSRS2重组质粒转染293细胞,应用IF-AT和Western-blotting技术检测重组质粒在293细胞中的表达情况。结果显示,扩增的牛新孢子虫NcSRS2基因长度为1 227bp,与GenBank中发表的NcSRS2（AF061249）核苷酸序列同源性为99%,构建的pCR259-NcSRS2重组质粒在293细胞中得到瞬时表达,表达蛋白的相对分子质量为43 000,具有较好的反应原性。本试验为新孢子虫病腺病毒载体疫苗的构建奠定了基础。     

犬新孢子虫MAG1与IFN-γ融合基因重组真核质粒的真核共表达及免疫学评价

为对犬孢子虫MAG1与IFN-γ融合基因重组真核质粒进行免疫学评价,本实验以含有MAG1-IFN-γ基因片段的克隆质粒为模板,扩增MAG1-IFN-γ目的片段,构建pVAX-MAG1-IFN-γ重组真核表达质粒,将其转染Vero细胞,采用间接免疫荧光(IFA)和western blot技术检测MAG1基因在Vero细胞中的表达,并免疫BALB/c小鼠,进行免疫学评价。结果表明,PCR扩增获得基因片段大小为1 536 bp,与GenBank中登录的MAG1和IFN-γ核苷酸序列的同源性为99%;IFA检测MAG1基因在Vero细胞中获得瞬时表达,转染的Vero细胞呈现特异性绿色荧光;western blot分析表达蛋白的分子量为57 ku,具有较好的反应原性。将构建的重组真核表达质粒免疫BALB/c小鼠,经间接ELISA和T淋巴细胞亚群含量测定表明,重组质粒具有较好的免疫原性。本实验为新孢子虫病核酸疫苗的深入研究奠定了基础。     

用重组蛋白 NcSAG1t作为ELISA诊断抗原进行改良绒山羊Neospora caninum的血清学诊断

N caninum；NcSAG1t；ELISA；改良绒山羊；抗体     

Serodiagnosis of Neospora caninum infection in cattle by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with recombinant truncated NcSAG1

Neospora caninum is a veterinary medically important pathogen capable of causing abortion in cattle and neuromuscular paralysis in dogs. The surface antigen 1 of N. caninum (NcSAG1) is an important candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for neosporosis. In order to establish an effective diagnostic method, the gene encoding truncated NcSAG1 (NcSAG1t) lacking a signal peptide and C-terminal hydrophobic regions was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a fusion protein with glutathione S-transferase (GST). The purified GST-NcSAG1t was tested in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of N. caninum antibodies in cattle. The ELISA with GST-NcSAG1t clearly differentiated between immunofluorescent antibody test (IFAT)-positive and -negative sera from cattle. In addition, the ELISA detected no cross-reactivity with sera from mice experimentally infected with the closely related parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Field serum samples collected from cattle in Brazil were examined for the diagnosis of neosporosis by using the ELISA. Of the 197 samples analyzed, 66 (33.5%) samples were positive for antibodies to N. caninum. Of the 66 ELISA-positive samples, 60 (90%) samples were confirmed as positive by Western blot analysis with whole parasite antigens. These results suggest that the recombinant NcSAG1t could be a reliable reagent for use as an antigen in ELISA for the serodiagnosis of N. caninum infection in cattle.     

牛新孢子虫内标多重PCR检测方法的试验

本试验以牛新孢子虫NcSAG1基因、Nc-5基因和NcSRS2基因作为检测新孢子虫病的目的基因,以牛性腺(prolac-tin)基因作为内标对反应过程进行监测,对上述基因各设计1对引物。结果表明,4对引物可分别扩增出201bp、231bp、256bp和156bp的目的条带。经反应条件的优化,该方法具有较好的灵敏度,各质粒在103 copies/反应时,均可于同一管中扩增出较清晰的目的条带,只比单重PCR的灵敏度低了10倍,且不受内标模板存在的影响。经临床应用研究,该方法具有较好的特异性和重复性,可用来对新孢子虫进行快速准确的检测。     

牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因的克隆及在Vero细胞中表达

为了解牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因的生物学特性,本实验应用PCR技术扩增牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因,构建真核表达重组质粒pVAX-MAG1,将鉴定正确的pVAX-MAG1重组质粒转染Vero细胞,应用间接荧光检测方法(1FA)和western blot技术检测MAG1基因在Vero细胞中的表达.结果显示,扩增的牛源犬新孢子虫MAG1基因长度为1047bp,与GenBank中登录的MAG1 (EF580924.1)核苷酸序列同源性为99％,IFA检测MAG1基因在Vero细胞中获得瞬时表达,western blot分析表达蛋白的分子量为39 ku,具有较好的反应原性.本实验为新孢子虫病核酸疫苗与诊断试剂盒的研究奠定了基础.     

新孢子虫SRS2基因的克隆及原核表达

为构建表达新孢子虫重组蛋白SRS2原核表达系统,本研究以新孢子虫基因组为模板PCR扩增SRS2蛋白部分基因,获得大小约为998bp的目的片段,并克隆到大肠杆菌PET-32a载体中,IPTG诱导重组大肠杆菌,通过SDS—PAGE和免疫印迹分析表达产物并鉴定其生物学活性。经SDS—PAGE分析,表达的重组SRS2蛋白分子量约为54kD,免疫印迹结果表明,表达的重组蛋白与牛抗新孢子虫阳性血清反应形成一条特异性蛋白条带。本实验为进一步研究诊断和治疗新孢子虫病奠定了基础。     

Optimization of the use of C57BL/6 mice as a laboratory animal model for Neospora caninum vaccine studies

The development and testing of vaccines for Neospora caninum in mice require challenge studies to demonstrate a reduction in clinical signs or prevention of vertical transmission of the parasite after vaccination. Genetic susceptibility to N. caninum varies with the strain of mice. In this study, C57BL/6 mice were evaluated as a model for Neospora vaccine studies. A lethal challenge model was developed and the LD(50) was determined to be 1.5 x 10(7)N. caninum tachyzoites/mouse, delivered intraperitoneally. Brain lesions encountered in sections from sub-lethally challenged mice were scored on the basis of severity and total number of lesions to develop a histopathological scoring system for vaccine efficacy. A vertical transmission model for N. caninum vaccine studies was developed by studying mice that were infected either 2 weeks prior to mating or between days 12 and 14 of pregnancy. It was found that infection prior to mating reduced the average number of pups per litter. DNA extracted from fetal tissue was examined by a N. caninum specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The rate of vertical transmission was 0, 100 and 90.5% for the uninfected controls, mice infected during pregnancy and mice infected before mating, respectively. This study demonstrates that the C57BL/6 strain of mice is a good model for N. caninum vaccine studies because it is possible to establish a clear-cut lethal challenge model in C57BL/6 mice and they transmit the disease to their offspring efficiently.     

Reduced cerebral infection of Neospora caninum in BALB/c mice vaccinated with recombinant Brucella abortus RB51 strains expressing N. caninum SRS2 and GRA7 proteins

Neospora caninum, an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite, is the causative agent of bovine neosporosis, an important disease affecting the reproductive performance of cattle worldwide. Currently there is no effective vaccine available to prevent N. caninum infection in cattle. In this study, we examined the feasibility of developing a live, recombinant N. caninum vaccine using Brucella abortus vaccine strain RB51 as the expression and delivery vector. We generated two recombinant RB51 strains each expressing SRS2 (RB51/SRS2) or GRA7 (RB51/GRA7) antigens of N. caninum. BALB/c mice immunized by single intraperitoneal inoculation of the recombinant RB51 strains developed IgG antibodies specific to the respective N. caninum antigen. In vitro stimulation of splenocytes from the vaccinated mice with specific antigen resulted in the production of interferon-gamma, but not IL-5 or IL-10, suggesting the development of a Th1 type immune response. Upon challenge with N. caninum tachyzoites, mice vaccinated with strain RB51/SRS2, but not RB51/GRA7, showed significant resistance to cerebral infection when compared to the RB51 vaccinated mice, as determined by the tissue parasite load using a real-time quantitative TaqMan assay. Interestingly, mice vaccinated with either strain RB51 or RB51/GRA7 also contained significantly lower parasite burden in their brains compared to those inoculated with saline. Mice vaccinated with strain RB51/SRS2 or RB51/GRA7 were protected to the same extent as the strain RB51 vaccinated mice against challenge with B. abortus virulent strain 2308. These results suggest that a recombinant RB51 strain expressing an appropriate protective antigen(s), such as SRS2 of N. caninum, can confer protection against both neosporosis and brucellosis.     

Development of latex agglutination test with recombinant NcSAG1 for the rapid detection of antibodies to Neospora caninum in cattle

Neospora caninum, an apicomplexan protozoan parasite, is recognized as a major cause of abortion in cattle. Surface antigen 1 of N. caninum (NcSAG1) is an important immunodominant candidate for the development of a diagnostic reagent for neosporosis. The present study describes the development and evaluation of a latex agglutination test (LAT) with recombinant NcSAG1 (rNcSAG1) for the detection of antibodies to N. caninum in cattle. The rNcSAG1 gene was cloned in pET-28a and protein was expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Carboxylated latex particles were coated with rNcSAG1 and the degree of agreement between LAT and a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (iscomELISA) was evaluated by using of 164 serum samples. Twenty-two (13.4%) and 23 (14.0%) of samples were positive for antibodies to N. caninum by LAT and ELISA respectively. Eighteen of 23 ELISA-positive samples were positive according to the LAT and a substantial agreement (κ=0.77) was found between the results of LAT and ELISA. The results indicated that the LAT with rNcSAG1 would be a rapid, simple, relatively inexpensive and suitable diagnostic test for detection of specific antibodies in N. caninum infection under field conditions. Improvement in purification of rNcSAG1 can reduce probable false positive reactions and so increase the degree of agreement between the LAT and ELISA.