贵州地区牛源金黄色葡萄球菌分离株16S rRNA分子鉴定及RAPD分型研究

利用16S rRNA保守序列对引起贵州地区奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离鉴定,建立随机多态性扩增体系对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株进行基因分型研究。结果表明,69份奶样中共分离出金黄色葡萄球菌37株,DNA随机多态性扩增（random amplified polymorphic DNA,RAPD）结果显示这37株金黄色葡萄球菌扩增产物在1～7条带之间,产物大小为400～4500 bp。菌株可分为7个基因型,其中Ⅰ型7株（18.9%）、Ⅱ型2株（5.4%）、Ⅲ型2株（5.4%）、Ⅳ型1株（2.7%）、Ⅴ型19株（51.4%）、Ⅵ型1株（2.7%）、Ⅶ型5株（13.5%）,Ⅴ型为该地区的流行优势菌群。地理和气候环境对病原菌流行传播的影响是病原菌基因型分布差异的重要原因。     

牛源金黄色葡萄球菌16SrRNA分子鉴定与随机多态性扩增分型

利用16S rRNA保守序列对引起内蒙古地区奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌进行分离鉴定,并且建立引物随机多态性扩增(RAPD)体系对金黄色葡萄球菌分离株进行基因分型研究.结果表明,共分离出金黄色葡萄球菌35株,RAPD结果显示这35株菌均可得到清晰的RAPD指纹图谱,扩增产物在1～8条带之间,产物大小在350～4 500bp之间.菌株分为6个基因型,Ⅳ型为该地区的流行优势菌群.不同牛场各基因型菌株分布有明显差异,这与牛场的环境和病原菌在牛场间流行传播情况有关.研究结果为地区性奶牛乳房炎的防治及新疫苗的研制提供了可靠的理论依据.     

我国部分地区牛源金黄色葡萄球菌基因多态性分型研究

为了解我国牛源金黄色葡萄球菌(S.aureus)的基因多态性,本研究利用随机引物多态性扩增(RAPD)体系对174株分离自贵州、内蒙古、四川、上海、甘肃等地奶牛乳房炎的S.aureus及一株标准菌CVCC2246进行基因分型。结果表明,175株S.aureus均得到清晰的RAPD指纹图谱,扩增产物为1~9个片段,产物大小为240 bp~4 500 bp。所有菌株共分为8个基因型,其中1型16株;2型和3型各37株;4型15株;5型18株;6型14株;7型13株;8型8株。2型和3型菌株占总菌株42%以上,在贵州、内蒙古、四川、上海、甘肃分布广泛,为流行优势基因型;但5型是内蒙古地区的流行优势基因型。各地区菌株基因型比例有明显差异,可能与奶牛饲养水平和环境差异有关。     

甘肃地区牛源金黄色葡萄球菌分子鉴定及RAPD分型

本研究目的是分离鉴定引起甘肃地区奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌,掌握其基因型情况。利用16S、23SrRNA保守序列PCR扩增对乳房炎奶样中的金黄色葡萄球菌进行鉴定,并进行RAPD基因分型。结果表明,310份奶样中共分离出金黄色葡萄球菌100株,RAPD结果显示这100株金黄色葡萄球菌均可得到清晰的RAPD指纹图谱,扩增产物在2～7条带之间,具有多种带型组成。通过聚类分析100株菌产生11个基因型,其中Ⅰ型4株,Ⅱ型4株,Ⅲ型10株,Ⅳ型13株,Ⅴ型7株,Ⅵ型24株,Ⅶ型16株,Ⅷ型6株,Ⅸ型4株,Ⅹ型10株,Ⅺ型2株。Ⅵ型为该地区的流行优势菌群,不同牛场各基因型菌株分布有明显差异。本研究说明牛场的环境与养殖条件对病原菌流行传播有明显的影响,这一结果对地区性奶牛乳房炎的防治提供了可靠的理论依据。     

乳源金黄色葡萄球菌耐药性分析与分型

为研究内蒙古及上海部分地区金黄色葡萄球菌流行病学特征,对两个地区的分离株进行生化鉴定、16S r RNA鉴定,并对鉴定为金黄色葡萄球菌等分离株进行药敏试验及RAPD随机扩增多态性分型。结果表明:内蒙古及上海部分地区的分离菌中有91株被鉴定为金黄色葡萄球菌;药敏试验结果显示两个地区分离的金黄色葡萄球菌均有较严重的多重耐药现象,且上海地区分离菌的耐药情况比内蒙古地区严重,但两个地区的分离菌均对喹诺酮类抗生素高度敏感;RAPD结果显示菌株共分为12个基因型,其中1型5株(5.5%),2型6株(6.6%),3型15株(16.5%),4型10株(11.0%),5型13株(14.3%),6型、9型和12型各2株(2.2%),7型8株(8.8%),8型24株(26.4%),10型3株(3.3%),11型仅1株(1.1%),8型菌株占总菌株数的26.4%,为主要流行的优势菌群。地域环境可能是影响病原菌耐药及基因型分布差异的重要原因。     

奶牛源MRSA流行株的耐药特性SCCmecA分型研究

为了了解引起奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的耐药性及其分子流行病学特征,本研究采用纸片扩散法检测临床分离的71株金黄色葡萄球菌的耐药特性,并对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus,MRSA)进行判定;应用多重PCR方法对MRSA进行SCCmec分型。结果显示:在新疆地区71株金黄色葡萄球菌临床分离株中共检出13株MRSA,检出率为18.3%;金黄色葡萄球菌对呋喃妥因、利福平100%敏感,MRSA对头孢类、氟喹诺酮类和大环内酯类抗菌药物的耐药率明显高于甲氧西林敏感金黄色葡萄球菌(methicillin sensitive staphylococcus aureus,MSSA);MRSA的SCCmec基因型共以SCCmecⅠ和SCCmecⅣa型为主,均占76.9%,另外,1株MRSA仅有1种SCCmecⅢ型,1株MRSA有SCCmecⅠ、SCCmecⅢ和SCCmecⅣa型。本研究结果表明,MRSA耐药性多样,新疆地区MRSA主要流行株为SCCmecⅠ和SCCmecⅣa型。     

奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌脉冲场凝胶电泳分型研究

为探讨新疆北疆奶牛乳房炎致病菌的流行规律,本研究采用Sma Ⅰ酶切,脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)分型的方法对43株分离自新疆6个规模奶牛场隐性乳房炎奶样的金黄色葡萄球菌进行了分子分型比较研究.结果表明,所有菌株都能被PFGE法分型,43株金黄色葡萄球菌可分为A、B、C、D和E 5个基因型.A型株(22株,51.2%)有13个亚型,相似度在81.8%～96.8%之间,在5个奶牛场均分离到,是主要的流行株;B型(25.6%)、C型(14.0%)、D型(7.0%)各型别内菌株间的相似度为100%,E型仅有1株.不同地区主要流行株有差别:乌鲁木齐主要流行A型菌株,昌吉以A型和B型菌株为主,而奎屯主要流行C型和B型.有2个奶牛场流行株只有1个基因型,也有2种基因型(3个牛场)或3种基因型(1个牛场)同时存在,但以1种为优势株.这些结果提示,不同地区主要流行株有差别,多数奶牛场以1种流行株感染为主,不同牛场可能流行相同的菌株,在较大地域范围内某些流行株具有侵染优势.     

奶牛乳房炎样品金黄色葡萄球菌分离株的基因分型

为了掌握上海地区引起奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌基因型,本文采用ERIC-PCR分型方法,对从患有乳腺炎的奶牛乳汁中分离所得的74株金黄色葡萄球菌进行了基因分型。结果显示,74株金黄色葡萄球菌可扩增出4~9条带,共分为4个聚类群,亲缘关系相同或相近的菌株占97.7%。发现在同一牛群中的分离株可以是相同的基因型,也可以存在不同的基因型,而不同牛群中的分离株也可属于同一基因型。但总的来说,上海地区引起奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌多为同一基因型,在某个或某些牛群中存在金黄色葡萄球菌的优势基因型,而不同地区、不同环境和条件下同一种病原菌的基因型也存在一定差异,可能存在多个金黄色葡萄球菌基因型。     

奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌的分子流行病学调查

实验对从内蒙古自治区分离到的63株引起奶牛乳房炎的金黄色葡萄球菌进行了随机扩增多态性分析（RAPD），可扩增出2—13条条带，主要分为12个基因型，亲缘关系相同或相近的菌株占73％。     

新疆部分地区奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌荚膜多糖分型的研究

为调查新疆奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌主要流行血清型,本研究采用玻板凝集和双重PCR方法对不同地区奶牛乳房炎乳样中分离的117株金黄色葡萄球菌进行血清分型.结果表明荚膜多糖5型占10.26％(12/117),8型占13.68％(16/117),336型占64.96％(76/117),未分型菌株占11.11 ％(13/117).该研究为新疆奶牛乳房炎金黄色葡萄球菌疫苗菌株的筛选提供了依据.     

金黄色葡萄球菌α-溶血素基因的克隆与序列分析

参考Gary S Gray和Michael Kehce在《传染与免疫》杂志上发表的关于金黄色葡萄球菌α溶血素蛋白的基因序列,设计合成1对引物,从分离自牛体的野生株金黄色葡萄球菌中提取细菌总DNA,对α溶血素蛋白基因进行PCR扩增,产物经琼脂糖凝胶电泳分析,呈现1条约960 bp的条带,回收纯化后,将其克隆至pMD18 T质粒载体中,进行核苷酸序列分析,然后与报道的α溶血素蛋白基因进行比较。结果表明:所鉴定的野生株金黄色葡萄球菌的α溶血素蛋白基因序列与报道的核苷酸的同源性高达99.99%以上,证实为金黄色葡萄球菌Wood 46株α溶血素蛋白基因。     

Fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism genotyping of human and animal Staphylococcus aureus isolates from dairy farms with manual milking

Fluorescence amplified fragment length polymorphism (fAFLP) was used to assess the genetic relatedness of 40 Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from human and animal skin samples in seven dairy farms with manual milking. S. aureus was isolated from 11 out of 30 (36%) human skin samples and from 29 out of 100 (29%) teat skin samples from apparently healthy cows. Genomic DNA from each isolate was double-digested with EcoRI and MseI and complementary oligonucleotide adaptors were ligated to the restriction fragments. Pre-selective and selective amplification reactions were performed, the amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis in an ABI377 sequencer and analysed using GeneScan 3.1 and Genotyper 2.5. Three single isolates (a-c), a predominant cluster with 35 isolates (d) and another cluster with two isolates (e) were identified. Both clusters d and e included human and animal isolates genetically related, because the profiles had 90-100% homology. Since no cluster was comprised uniquely of human or animal isolates and given the close genetic relatedness among human and animal samples in the farms, the present findings support the hypothesis that dairy workers can spread S. aureus through manual milking.     

多重PCR快速检测奶牛乳房炎3种主要病原体

奶牛乳房炎是引起奶牛业经济损失的一种重要疫病,目前还没有快速、特异检测奶牛乳房炎主要致病原的方法。本试验根据金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌、大肠杆菌各自保守的16S或23S rRNA基因序列,合成了3对特异性引物,建立了三重PCR检测方法。特异性试验表明,该方法对所有参与测试的金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和大肠杆菌都能扩增出各自的阳性条带,而对所有参与测试的对照菌株则不能扩增出任何条带。敏感性试验表明该方法能检测到4个菌的金黄色葡萄球菌、无乳链球菌和2个菌的大肠杆菌。对送检的乳房炎奶样36份直接进行PCR检测,金黄色葡萄球菌阳性7份,无乳链球菌阳性2份,大肠杆菌阳性6份。     

Differentiation between high and low virulence Staphylococcus aureus strains from rabbits by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis

Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing was performed on 53 rabbit Staphylococcus aureus strains. Twenty-three strains isolated in 13 different rabbitries with chronic problems of staphylococcosis, showed the same RAPD banding pattern. Twenty of these strains belonged to the 'mixed CV-C' biotype and to the phage-type 3A/3C/55/71, previously described to be highly virulent in rabbits, and three strains belonged to other biotypes or phage-types. None of the strains isolated from rabbitries without chronic problems of staphylococcosis showed this specific RAPD pattern. RAPD analysis can be used as a rapid and reliable test method to differentiate between the characteristic genotype corresponding to high virulence and other S. aureus strains from rabbits. This is useful for the diagnosis and prevention of the introduction of these highly virulent strains in industrial rabbitries.     

Molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus based on PCR-RFLP of coa gene and RAPD analysis

The aim of this study was molecular identification of S. aureus strains isolated from mastitic milk samples and establishing the genetic relationship between strains isolated from cows belonging to the same herd. In all 43 isolated strains the gap gene (930 bp) was amplified, which enabled their affiliation to the Staphylococcus genus to be established. PCR-RFLP with AluI endonuclease of the gap gene as well as nuc (450 bp) and coa (1130 bp) gene amplification allowed precise S. aureus species identification. One hundred percent of the genetic relationship between strains was established via RAPD-PCR and coa-typing.     

DNA polymorphism of srRNA gene among Eimeria tenella strains isolated in Japan

DNA polymorphism in twelve starains of Eimeria tenella isolated from various places in Japan was examined using 1.l kb small subunits ribosomal RNA amplified by PCR. Genetic variation was evaluated by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. DNA fingerprint patterns were grouped into two, indicating that at least two DNA polymorphisms exist in Japanese E. tenella strains.     

气载镰孢菌的RAPD分子特性研究

采用微型电钻研磨法提取了89株气载镰孢菌Fusarium菌株的基因组DNA。从30个RAPD引物中筛选出了扩增条带平均为5—10条的5个引物：S330（ccgacaaacc）、S29（gggtaacgcc）、S122（gaggatccct）、S129（ccaagcttcc）和S121（gggatatcgg）,对待测基因组DNA进行扩增。通过对电泳谱带的标记和采用EPCI。UST软件进行聚类分析,研究结果表明,当遗传距离封闭在0．62时,基本可以将形态学鉴定的镰孢菌种区分开来,根据遗传距离还可以将不产孢的疑难菌种的分类地位加以明确。     

ARDRA and RAPD analyses of human and animal isolates of Streptococcus gallolyticus

A total of 23 Streptococcus gallolyticus strains, consisting of 12 strains from feces of healthy animals and 11 from clinical cases of human or cow mastitis milk, were examined genealogically. Four strains of S. bovis "biotype II/1" and 3 strains of S. equinus, the closely related organisms to S. gallolyticus, were also analyzed for outgroup comparison. Neither the amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) nor the randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis that had been designed to recognize S. gallolyticus strains virulent in pigeons could differentiate clinical strains from the others of S. gallolyticus. No correspondence between the DNA profile in either analysis and the host animal species was detected.