粗放式管理条件下饲料营养对林麝麝香品质影响的研究

为了了解粗放式管理条件下饲料营养水平与麝香品质的关系，2008--2010年间对山西省宝鸡市凤县一养麝场泌香期雄麝饲料调整前后麝香的品质进行了比较研究。结果表明，调整后泌香期雄麝饲料主要营养成分为粗蛋白22．5％、粗脂肪4．8％、粗纤维9．1％、灰分5．7％、无氮浸出物56．7％，Ca：P为1：1，饲喂调整饲料后，麝香的麝香酮含量为3．2％（标准〉12．0％）、总灰分为4．2％（标准≤6．5％）、含水量为51．4％（标准≤35。0％），麝香性状符合中国药典中的麝香标准指标，表明调整后饲料营养水平符合泌香期雄麝的营养需要。     

麝香可持续利用的探讨

笔者根据文献资料结合自己的研究,从麝香的重要作用,麝香来源,天然麝香与人工麝香的比较,野生麝资源状况和发展麝资源等几个方面对麝香资源与应用进行了概述,针对麝香长期供不应求,直接影响医疗用药的问题,根据我国50多年的人工养麝经验,指出人工养麝是保护野生麝资源和实现天然麝香可持续利用的有效途径,并就我国人工养麝概况,人工养麝发展存在的问题,突破人工养麝的瓶颈问题,实现产业化养麝保障麝香可持续利用方面进行了系统总结与探讨。     

孔雀孵化八要点

麝,又名香獐子,动物学分类属于哺乳纲偶蹄目鹿科的小型鹿类。雄麝分泌的麝香是珍贵药材,高级香料和工业原料。麝属于国家二级保护动物,非经报批,不可猎捕、饲养。     

麝香分泌量的影响因素

麝香在人们日常生活中的作用越来越重要,然而单个麝的麝香分泌量非常少,严重制约着麝香产业的发展和经济价值,本文从雄麝年龄、饲料营养、中药、激素方面就如何提高麝的泌香量进行阐述,旨在为提高麝香的分泌量提供科学的方法。     

圈养马麝的行为观察

马麝(Moschus sifanicus)属青藏高原特有动物。其雄麝所分泌的麝香是名贵的中药材和高级香料。多年来,虽然在马麝的人工驯养及繁殖等方面取得了初步成功,也实现了可持续的活体取麝香,但仍存在驯养生产力低下等问题。目前,对于马麝的研究已经取得一些进展,如孟秀祥等[1]比较了圈养马麝夏秋活动格局,分析了其行为多样性;蒋应文[2]观察了驯养马麝的繁殖与行为,这些都对马麝的驯养有很大的帮助。但目前还缺少关于马麝行为的确切描述和定义,因此,马麝行为谱的构建,对研究怎样提高马麝的存活率及分泌麝香状况有很大帮助。1研究地点及动物此次研究…     

浅析镇坪林麝资源管理

说到林麝，人们自然就会想到麝香，麝香是极为名贵的药材，出口价格很高，经过提炼后制成的纯麝香精等产品，每磅价值数万美元，它既能制成专治惊痫、痉挛和心脏麻痹的贵重药品，又是制造高级香水的原料。麝是最原始的鹿类，有原麝、马麝、黑麝和林麝，其中林麝的麝香是麝香中的极品。     

浅谈家庭养麝

浅谈家庭养麝项平（安徽省霍山县磨子潭医药站）雄麝特有的麝香腺囊所分泌的麝香，是医药、香料及日用化工工业的重要原料，在国内外市场一直供不应求、相当紧缺。而解决麝香来源和提高麝香产量的根本方法不外乎有：一要加强野麝资源及其栖息环境的保护措施，确保野麝得以...     

林麝泌香期皮质醇和睾酮水平与麝香产量关系的初步研究

为了探究泌香期雄麝皮质醇和睾酮的变化规律及其对麝香产量的影响,试验选取6头雄麝,采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定雄麝泌香期粪便中的皮质醇和睾酮含量,并对其与麝香产量进行相关性分析。结果表明:在泌香期三个阶段,皮质醇和睾酮含量都呈现先增高后降低的趋势;皮质醇、睾酮含量与麝香产量相关性不显著(P0.05)。说明利用粪便样品来研究圈养林麝类固醇激素是一种较为理想的方法,可以开展以粪便类固醇激素为核心的多种试验和推广工作。     

麝的饲养

麝,又称香獐,属鹿科动物,体型较小,成年麝体重9.2～15.5kg。雌麝稍重,雌、雄麝头上均无角,雄麝犬齿较长,约2.4～5.5cm,露出嘴外,是防身、争偶的武器。成年麝每年5～7月大量分泌麝香,麝香是世界各种香料中的姣姣者,也是贵重的药材。雌麝不产香。一、种麝来源1、从饲养场引入种麝。我国从1958年以来,先后在四川、陕西和安徽等省建立了专业人工饲养场,现在已发展到10多个省、市,进行专业化饲养。总饲养量达2千余头。从饲养场引入种麝优点很多,主要是驯化程度     

麝的活体取香技术和麝香鉴别

麝,又名香獐子,动物学分类属于哺乳纲偶蹄目鹿科的小型鹿类.雄麝分泌的麝香是珍贵药材,高级香料和工业原料.麝属于国家二级保护动物,非经报批,不可猎捕、饲养.     

林麝养殖中活体取香的方法及步骤

人工养殖林麝活体取香是有效保护林麝野生资源的重要途径。陕西凤县有着悠久的林麝人工养殖历史,在实践经验基础上,就人工养殖林麝活体取香的时间、工具、取香技术与操作方法步骤等方面进行了总结与阐述。     

家养林麝常见病诊断与防治研究

本文对家养林麝几种常见病的发病规律、临床症状及剖解结果等进行系统观察和分析，并对药物应用效果进行了对比。筛选出作用效果明显的药物种类、使用剂量及配伍方法，提出了行之有效的中草药防治疾病策略，深入剖析了养麝场做好疾病预防工作的关键所在。研究结果显示，通过上述技术研究与应用，林麝成活率由85％左右提高到95％左右，麝群年增长率提高了11％。本研究旨在为生产实践中疾病有效防治提供参考依据。     

网门笼捕麝技术的研究

详细介绍了徒手、网捕、暗室、麻醉捕麝技术、网门笼捕麝技术的具体操作过程和应用徒手、网捕、暗室、麻醉捕麝技术对麝造成的不良影响以及网门笼捕麝技术的优缺点。实践证明,网门笼捕麝技术具有操作简单、快捷安全、省时省力、一笼多用、轻便耐用、便于推广等诸多优点,在麝的养殖中具有很高应用价值。     

家养林麝饲喂颗粒饲料的试验研究

为了保障麝在春、夏、秋季节采食不酸败,冬季不冻结的精饲料问题,需开发麝适口性强而质优的颗粒饲料。选择在同等养殖条件下体况正常的雄性林麝28头(3-10岁),随机分为试验组(投喂颗粒饲料)与对照组(投食原有饲料)两组,通过对比试验结果表明:林麝对颗粒饲料一般在13 d内就能适应,且随颗粒饲料品种的适口性好坏而有所变化。试验期内,试验组与对照组的林麝体重、产香麝平均产香量和麝产香发生率的差异不显著(P>0.05);试验组麝发病、死亡率显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。     

青海省海北州麝香资源及其开发利用和发展前景

麝香是由鹿科动物马麝和林麝成熟雄体香囊中的分泌物干燥而成,为我国特产的名贵药材和世界四大名香之一。介绍了马麝和林麝的动物形态特征以及麝香的采集加工方法、商品质量与鉴别方法及产销情况,并展望了麝香的发展前景。     

Stable fighting strategies to maintain social ranks in captive male Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus)

This study was conducted at the Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm of China from July to September 2008. Results showed that captive male musk deer exhibit aggressive dominance behavior, by which a stable social ranking is established. Generally, there were three types of aggression in agonistic interactions among males: attacking, displacing and threatening. Threatening was more frequently observed than displacing and attacking. When in conflict with other deer, high‐rank males exhibited significantly more attacking than displacing and threatening. Moreover, no attacking occurred in low‐rank and middle‐rank males, but these individuals initiated significantly more threatening displays than high‐rank individuals. Among musk deer groups with different social ranks, there were no significant differences between threats received by middle‐rank and low‐rank groups, but attacks directed to high‐rank males was significantly lower than displacing and threatening behaviors. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that when a captive male musk deer population is assembled, individuals should be diversified in fighting ability and level of aggression. In particular, deer with higher aggression should not be enclosed with deer with similar tendencies, but should be enclosed with individuals with lower fighting levels. This should maintain stable social structures within captive musk deer groups and improve the overall welfare of captive musk deer.     

濒危野生马麝（Moschus sifanicus）的迁地保育及分群驯养

麝类动物（Moschus spp.）雄性个体可分泌麝香,是濒危珍稀资源动物,驯养是濒危麝类动物的迁地保护（ex situ protection）和麝香生产的重要方式。我国从1958年开始麝类驯养,初期的主要驯养麝种为林麝（M.berezovskii）,从1990年开始马麝（M.sifanicus）驯养。论文总结了濒危马麝的分群驯养,归纳了麝场选址、麝场修建、圈舍设计、分圈分群及日常驯养管理等方法体系,对我国麝类驯养、资源保育及麝香生产等提供重要参考。     

原麝生境选择影响因子的研究概况

以近年来国内外有关原麝(Moschus moschiferus)生境选择的有关资料为参考,对植被类型、食物、水源、人为干扰、气候五类主要影响原麝生境选择的生态因子加以分析,探讨原麝生境选择的生态机制,为合理保护原麝种群奠定基础。     

Relationship between estrus cycles and behavioral durations of captive female alpine musk deer

Owing to poor breeding success in captive alpine musk deer, an understanding of the behavioral patterns of musk deer in captivity is important. This study was conducted from June 2004 to January 2005 at the Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm, which is located within Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China. Focal sampling and continuous recording were used to observe the behaviors of 51 female alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus), 42 of which had completed a single estrus cycle and nine of which had completed two or more estrus cycles. All animals were adults that had been born and raised in captivity. The durations of 12 behaviors, including environmental sniffing, moving and feeding, were recorded during the non‐breeding seasons and behavioral patterns were compared. The behavioral patterns of females that had completed a single estrus cycle and females that had completed multiple estrus cycles were compared to assess potential behavioral differences. The results showed that females who had only one complete estrus cycle demonstrated more resting behavior, but less feeding and locomotor behavior than females who had completed multiple estrus cycles. Furthermore, single estrus cycle females demonstrated tail‐rubbing during the breeding season. The results may yield useful information that can be used in developing better musk deer farming practices.