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麝又名香獐,是一种山区森林中的野生药用珍贵动物,经济价值很高.雄性麝腺囊的分泌物——麝香,具有很高的药用价值.以麝香为原料的中成药就有300余种,在日用化学工业上,麝香也是一种名贵的定香剂.过去人们为了获取麝香,一直采用猎捕杀麝的方法,这无异于“杀鸡取卵”,使我国野生麝资源遭受了严重的破坏,野麝面临着灭绝的危险。为了改变麝香货源奇缺的状况,人工养麝得到大力的扶持和提倡,我国自1958年以来,先后在四川、陕西和安徽等省建立了专业人工饲养场,现在已发展到10 相似文献
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目前,利用科学有效的方法,提高家养麝群的繁殖力,即受胎率和双胎率,已是人工养麝所急待解决的重要课题。只有有效地提高麝的繁殖力,才能加速增殖麝群,提高麝香产量,从而取得更高的经济效益。生产实践和试验研究证实,在麝的配种期前及配种期间饲喂胡萝卜,可以增强麝的体质,促进种麝发情,提高麝的繁殖力(受胎率和双胎率).现将试验结果报道如下: 相似文献
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马麝(Moschus sifanicus)属青藏高原特有动物。其雄麝所分泌的麝香是名贵的中药材和高级香料。多年来,虽然在马麝的人工驯养及繁殖等方面取得了初步成功,也实现了可持续的活体取麝香,但仍存在驯养生产力低下等问题。目前,对于马麝的研究已经取得一些进展,如孟秀祥等[1]比较了圈养马麝夏秋活动格局,分析了其行为多样性;蒋应文[2]观察了驯养马麝的繁殖与行为,这些都对马麝的驯养有很大的帮助。但目前还缺少关于马麝行为的确切描述和定义,因此,马麝行为谱的构建,对研究怎样提高马麝的存活率及分泌麝香状况有很大帮助。1研究地点及动物此次研究… 相似文献
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我国麝资源现状及救护措施 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
我国麝资源现状及救护措施盛和林(华东师范大学生物系上海200062)我国是世界上麝资源最丰富的国家,麝香产量占全球的90%以上。当人们一旦获悉:麝即将在我国绝迹,以麝香为原料的百余种传统中成药可能被迫停产;或为拯救麝的命运,国际组织象虎骨和犀角那样禁... 相似文献
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通过研究,发现外激素对麝的生香过程有调节控制作用,利用这个原理,定期给雄麝以外激素刺激,结果雄麝的年产香量明显提高,获得了显著的经济效益。此外,依据麝释放化学信息的原理,提出了回收麝香的可行性措施,为扩大麝香资源,提高麝香产量开辟了新途径。 相似文献
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依据秦岭地区林麝场天然树叶种类,测定了秦岭地区饲喂林麝常用的17种树叶氨基酸含量,并计算必需氨基酸/氨基酸总量比值(E/T)、必需氨基酸/非必须氨基酸含量比值(E/N)、氨基酸比值(RAA)、氨基酸比值系数(RC)及氨基酸比值系数分(SRC).结果表明,E/T比值41.0%~45.0%,E/N比值为0.71~0.81,分别高于WHO/FAO提出的蛋白质参考模式40%和0.60.因此,总体上17种树叶氨基酸种类齐全且含量较高.但按RC值,亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸+酪氨酸含量相对过剩,蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量及部分植物的赖氨酸相对不足;按SRC值,仅一种植物的第一限制氨基酸为赖氨酸,其余16种植物的第一限制氨基酸为蛋氨酸+胱氨酸.结合秦岭林麝实际饲喂树叶情况,建议有针对性补充蛋氨酸+胱氨酸含量高的食物种类.同时针对秦岭养麝业依赖天然树叶的现状及其林木毁坏问题,提出营造林麝饲料林以解决林麝天然食物来源的建议. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究野生林麝(Moschus berezovskii)瘤胃、小肠和大肠微生物组成和抗生素抗性基因。采集野生林麝消化道3个区段(瘤胃、小肠和大肠)的内容物进行宏基因组测序,并进行常规物种注释和抗生素抗性基因功能注释。结果表明:3个区段共有优势菌门为厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和变形菌门(Proteobacteria);瘤胃中主要优势菌属为普雷沃氏菌属(Prevotella)、月形单胞菌属(Selenomonas),小肠中主要优势菌属为链球菌属(Streptococcus)、埃希氏菌属(Echerichia),大肠中主要优势菌属为梭菌属(Clostridium)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)。基因常规注释显示各个区段微生物基因在不饱和脂肪酸合成和抗生素抗性上差异较大。抗生素抗性基因注释显示macB、sav1866和bcrA绝对丰度最高,且都来自于大肠细菌;瘤胃中抗生素抗性基因绝对丰度最大的是Aminocoumarin_resistant_alaS,小肠中是adeG,大肠中是macB。通过对野生林麝消化道微生物组成分区段比对,发现瘤胃、小肠和大肠微生物组成和抗生素抗性基因分布存在较大差异,大肠和小肠中细菌与野生林麝的多重耐药性关系更密切。 相似文献
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麝香是由鹿科动物马麝和林麝成熟雄体香囊中的分泌物干燥而成,为我国特产的名贵药材和世界四大名香之一。介绍了马麝和林麝的动物形态特征以及麝香的采集加工方法、商品质量与鉴别方法及产销情况,并展望了麝香的发展前景。 相似文献
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This study was conducted at the Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm of China from July to September 2008. Results showed that captive male musk deer exhibit aggressive dominance behavior, by which a stable social ranking is established. Generally, there were three types of aggression in agonistic interactions among males: attacking, displacing and threatening. Threatening was more frequently observed than displacing and attacking. When in conflict with other deer, high‐rank males exhibited significantly more attacking than displacing and threatening. Moreover, no attacking occurred in low‐rank and middle‐rank males, but these individuals initiated significantly more threatening displays than high‐rank individuals. Among musk deer groups with different social ranks, there were no significant differences between threats received by middle‐rank and low‐rank groups, but attacks directed to high‐rank males was significantly lower than displacing and threatening behaviors. On the basis of these results, it is suggested that when a captive male musk deer population is assembled, individuals should be diversified in fighting ability and level of aggression. In particular, deer with higher aggression should not be enclosed with deer with similar tendencies, but should be enclosed with individuals with lower fighting levels. This should maintain stable social structures within captive musk deer groups and improve the overall welfare of captive musk deer. 相似文献
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麝类动物(Moschus spp.)雄性个体可分泌麝香,是濒危珍稀资源动物,驯养是濒危麝类动物的迁地保护(ex situ protection)和麝香生产的重要方式。我国从1958年开始麝类驯养,初期的主要驯养麝种为林麝(M.berezovskii),从1990年开始马麝(M.sifanicus)驯养。论文总结了濒危马麝的分群驯养,归纳了麝场选址、麝场修建、圈舍设计、分圈分群及日常驯养管理等方法体系,对我国麝类驯养、资源保育及麝香生产等提供重要参考。 相似文献
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Xiuxiang MENG Genevieve C. PERKINS Qisen YANG Zuojian FENG Zhibin MENG Hongfa XU 《Integrative zoology》2008,3(2):143-148
Owing to poor breeding success in captive alpine musk deer, an understanding of the behavioral patterns of musk deer in captivity is important. This study was conducted from June 2004 to January 2005 at the Xinglongshan Musk Deer Farm, which is located within Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Gansu Province, China. Focal sampling and continuous recording were used to observe the behaviors of 51 female alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus), 42 of which had completed a single estrus cycle and nine of which had completed two or more estrus cycles. All animals were adults that had been born and raised in captivity. The durations of 12 behaviors, including environmental sniffing, moving and feeding, were recorded during the non‐breeding seasons and behavioral patterns were compared. The behavioral patterns of females that had completed a single estrus cycle and females that had completed multiple estrus cycles were compared to assess potential behavioral differences. The results showed that females who had only one complete estrus cycle demonstrated more resting behavior, but less feeding and locomotor behavior than females who had completed multiple estrus cycles. Furthermore, single estrus cycle females demonstrated tail‐rubbing during the breeding season. The results may yield useful information that can be used in developing better musk deer farming practices. 相似文献