水产品中氯霉素类药物残留分析方法研究进展

水产品中的氯霉素类药物残留会严重威胁人类健康,由此引发的食品安全问题受到人们的重视。本文对水产品中氯霉素类药物主要检测方法的使用范围、检测灵敏度、优缺点进行分析,同时展望了未来氯霉素类药物残留检测方法的发展趋势,以期为水产品中氯霉素类药物残留的检测提供参考。     

酶联免疫法检测饲料中氯霉素的方法条件研究

酶联免疫反应检测用试剂盒是利用免疫特异性竞争原理,对饲料中氯霉素的残留进行定量检测。氯霉素作为抗生素广泛应用在养殖领域,主要是添加在饲料中使用,而这种药物长期使用会残留于动物体内,造成动物性食品中氯霉素残留量超标,进而对人体的健康造成危害。文章以酶联免疫方法检测对检测饲料中氯霉素含量加以探讨,试验证明,此方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、重复性好,检测时间短等特点;标准曲线r值可达到0.9981,回收率≥93.45%,最低检出限≤0.05μg/kg,离散系数(CV值)≤3.6%。     

酶联免疫法检测饲料中氯霉素的探讨

酶联免疫反应检测用试剂盒是利用免疫特异性竞争原理,对饲料中氯霉素的残留进行定量检测.氯霉素作为抗生素被广泛使用在养殖领域,主要是添加在饲料中,而这种药物长期使用会残留于动物体内,造成动物性食品中氯霉素残留量超标,进而对人体健康造成危害.酶联免疫方法对检测饲料中氯霉素含量,试验证明:此方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、重复性好及检测时间短等特点;标准曲线r值可达到0.998 1,回收率≥93.45 %,最低检出限≤0.05 μg/kg,离散系数(CV值)≤3.6 %.     

水产品中氯霉素残留检测技术综述

氯霉素是一种光谱杀菌的抗生素,之前广泛应用于渔业养殖中。因其残留可在水产品中富集,食用时会对人体健康造成严重损害,已经被禁止使用,但在实际生产中还有不少养殖户违规使用。为了有效检测和控制水产品中的氯霉素,本文综述了水产品中氯霉素的检测技术,包括免疫分析法、微生物法、色谱分析法等,并对多种技术的优缺点进行了分析,以期通过这些检测技术减少或杜绝水产品中氯霉素残留。     

动物性食品中残留氯霉素检测方法的研究进展

氯霉素已禁止应用于食品动物,美国FDA、欧盟、中国等相关标准都规定动物性食品中不得检出氯霉素。但养殖业中仍存在氯霉素滥用现象,造成动物性产品中氯霉素残留。高效的检测方法在氯霉素残留控制中发挥关键作用。现就目前国内外有关动物性食品中氯霉素残留检测方法的进展情况做一系统概述。     

C18-磁性纳米颗粒萃取虾肉中氯霉素残留

建立了一种用C18键合磁珠固相萃取虾肉中氯霉素残留的方法。在Fe3O4超顺磁性纳米颗粒的表面键合C18基团,制备双功能反相萃取颗粒。用该颗粒对样品中的氯霉素残留进行固相萃取,对结合时间、温度、磁珠用量等因素进行了优化,建立磁珠法兽药残留固相萃取方法。用标准方法(SN/T 1864-2007)对萃取所得产物进行检测。经过优化,C18键合磁珠的最佳萃取条件为50℃结合5 min,用1 mL甲醇洗脱3次。检测结果显示该方法具有良好的精密度和回收率。在0.1～10μg/kg之间具有良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9941,检出限为0.1μg/kg。该方法灵敏度高、重现性好、准确度高,可满足虾肉中氯霉素残留检测的需要。     

氯霉素残留ELISA检测方法

2002年农业部第235号公告《动物源性食品中兽药最高残留限量》中明确规定氯霉素禁止使用,在动物性食品中不得检出。所以建立检测动物源性食品中痕量氯霉素残留的分析方法具有重要的意义。目前常用于氯霉素残留的检测方法有微生物法、免疫分析方法、色谱法等,比较常用的是酶联免疫法和色谱法。酶联免役法（EUSA）因其具有操作简便、快速等优点,成为畜产品中农药残留、毒素、农药、微生物检测中最重要的检测技术之一。本文旨在建立畜产品中氯霉素残留的快速检测方法,并为进一步研制开发氯霉素残留检测试剂盒奠定基础。     

氯霉素的不良反应及其残留检测方法研究进展

氯霉素存在严重的毒副作用,能抑制人体骨髓造血功能,引起人类的再生障碍性贫血,粒状白细胞缺乏症,新生儿、早产儿灰色综合症等疾病。低浓度的药物残留还会诱发致病菌的耐药性,对人类健康和环境构成严重危害。随着国际社会对氯霉素残留的高度关注,氯霉素的检测方法得到了广泛的研究,从最初的利用微生物进行定性检测到目前的各种先进检测技术的联用,如LC-MS等,氯霉素的检测限、精密度和回收率等技术都得到了极大提高。先进的检测技术不仅为人体的健康提供了安全保障,同时为我国的食品对外贸易发挥了巨大作用。     

禽肉中氯霉素药残的快速检测

近年来 ,在对外出口畜禽食用产品时 ,对氯霉素残留的检测成为必不可少的检测指标。国外一般要求畜禽食用产品中氯霉素不得超过 1ｎｇ/ｍｌ,这对检测手段的灵敏度提出了很高的要求。目前我国国内常用的检测氯霉素药残的方法是使用液相法或气相色谱法来对其进行检测 ,但这种检测方法对样品的处理比较复杂 ,对实验操作技术要求很高 ,不利于在基层生产单位推广应用。本实验根据酶联免疫吸附 (ＥＬＩＳＡ)借助于氯霉素残留快速检测试剂盒对鸡肉组织残留的氯霉素进行检测 ,处理简单 ,操作步骤简便 ,可以快速有效地测定出肉品中的氯霉素残留量 ,其…     

蜂蜜中氯霉素残留来源与变化研究

研究模拟大田养蜂生产,在花期蜂蜜生产过程中通过对照实验,跟踪检测使用氯霉素的生产蜂群的蜂蜜中氯霉素残留量变化趋势,揭示以氯霉素为代表的抗生素残留在蜂群中残留量的变化规律,评估了不同管理水平下氯霉素残留量衰减率,以发现有效消除蜂群氯霉素残留的方法。研究证明,在养蜂生产中一次氯霉素的使用会对蜂蜜品质造成长期影响,同时取蜜次数、蜂群群势及用药剂量均与蜂蜜氯霉素残留量变化相关。生产中取蜜次数与氯霉素残留量负相关,强群势蜂群有助于加快蜂蜜中氯霉素残留量递减速度,但当蜂蜜中氯霉素残留量降至1.5μg/kg后,增加取蜜次数对蜂蜜氯霉素残留量影响不明显。大用药剂量将导致蜂蜜中氯霉素残留量激增,降解时间延长。使用清洁蜂箱和巢脾能有效消除蜂蜜生产中氯霉素的残留。     

A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for determination of chloramphenicol

Chloramphenicol is a broad-spectrum antibiotic shown to have specific activity against a wide variety of organisms that are causative agents of several disease conditions in domestic animals. Chloramphenicol has been banned for use in food-producing animals for its serious adverse toxic effects in humans. Due to the harmful effects of chloramphenicol residues livestock products should be free of any traces of these residues. Several analytical methods are available for chloramphenicol analysis but sensitive methods are required in order to ensure that no traces of chloramphenicol residues are present in edible animal products. In order to prevent the illegal use of chloramphenicol, regulatory control of its residues in food of animal origin is essential. A competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for chloramphenicol has been locally developed and optimized for the detection of chloramphenicol in sheep serum. In the assay, chloramphenicol in the test samples and that in chloramphenicol-horseradish peroxidase conjugate compete for antibodies raised against the drug in camels and immobilized on a microtitre plate. Tetramethylbenzidine-hydrogen peroxide (TMB/H2O2) is used as chromogen-substrate system. The assay has a detection limit of 0.1 ng/mL of serum with a high specificity for chloramphenicol. Cross-reactivity with florfenicol, thiamphenicol, penicillin, tetracyclines and sulfamethazine was not observed. The assay was able to detect chloramphenicol concentrations in normal sheep serum for at least 1 week after intramuscular injection with the drug at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight (b.w.). The assay can be used as a screening tool for chloramphenicol use in animals.     

动物源性食品中多种兽药残留种类及检测方法

动物源食品中多种兽药残留主要是动物在生长和加工中额外添加。该种残留现象具有水平低、种类多、机制效应复杂的特点。针对该种动物制品在进行兽药残留检测中应综合运用新技术新方。目前在动物源食品中多种兽药残留检测中常用的技术为高效液相色谱质谱联合使用技术,该项技术具有检测灵敏度高,数据获取精准的特点,能对多种兽药残留情况进行定性定量的分析,在动物源食品多种兽药残留检测过程中应用较为广泛。该文主要论述动物源食品中多种兽药残留的种类及兽药残留检测技术。     

Reflection paper on the use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins in food producing animals in the European Union: development of resistance and impact on human and animal health

Resistance to third and fourth generation cephalosporins is rapidly increasing in bacteria infecting humans. Although many of these problems are linked to human to human transmission and to use of antimicrobials in human medicine, the potential role of community reservoirs such as food producing animals needs to be scrutinized. Resistance to third and fourth generation cephalosporins is emerging in enteric bacteria of food producing animals and also in food of animal origin. The genes encoding resistance to these cephalosporins are transferrable and often linked to other resistance genes. Systemic use of third and fourth cephalosporins selects for resistance, but co-selection by other antimicrobials is also likely to influence prevalence of resistance. Although there are many uncertainties, the potential consequences of a further increase of resistance to this critically important class of antimicrobials in bacteria colonising animals are serious. Measures to counter a further increase and spread of resistance among animals should therefore be considered.     

富硒动物产品的研究进展

硒是人体和动物必需的微量元素,具有重要的生理功能。硒能预防心血管疾病、抗肿瘤、维持免疫系统功能。本文就硒的生理功能,富硒产品开发的必要性,有机硒对动物产品硒富集的影响以及开发富硒动物产品存在的问题进行简要综述。     

高灵敏度酶联免疫法快速检测动物源性产品中氯霉素残留的研究

本试验旨在应用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)检测动物组织中氯霉素的残留。根据试剂盒操作说明对样本进行前处理,样品中的氯霉素与氯霉素酶结合物竞争结合酶标板微孔中固相化的氯霉素特异性抗体,根据酶催化显色剂显色的深浅来判断样品中氯霉素含量。试验结果显示,该方法对样品的检测限在0.1 μg/kg以下;以20~300 ng/kg浓度的氯霉素添加到动物源性产品中,其回收率范围74.4%~105.4%;变异系数在15%以下。结果表明建立的ELISA试剂盒能满足检测动物源性产品中氯霉素残留的需要。     

猪肉中氯霉素残留量测定能力验证分析

为了解我国食品检测实验室的氯霉素残留检测能力,CNAS于2012年委托中国兽医药品监察所组织实施了猪肉中氯霉素残留量测定的能力验证工作.全国21个省、市、自治区的66家实验室参加了本次能力验证,采用的测试方法主要是液相色谱-串联质谱法和气相色谱-质谱法.结果显示:参加实验室满意结果率为80.3％,可疑结果率为9.09％,不满意结果率为10.6％,说明参加能力验证的绝大多数实验室可以准确检测猪肉中氯霉素残留情况.     

微波辅助萃取气质联用仪测定动物性食品中氯霉素残留量

运用微波辅助萃取技术,进行提取,结合气相色谱-质谱联用仪检测,建立动物性食品中氯霉素残留量的检测方法,该检测方法的回收率为76.2%-94.7%,相对标准偏差为6.1%-8.6%,最低检测浓度为0.1μg/kg。     

动物源性食品和环境中磺胺类药物及其代谢物检测的样品前处理技术研究进展

兽用磺胺类药物常添加到动物饲料中用来治疗疾病和促进生长,但不合理的用药会导致磺胺类药物在动物组织中残留,影响食品安全,从而损害人类健康。此外,磺胺类药物在人体及动物体内并不能完全被吸收,大部分以原型及代谢物形式随尿液及粪便排出体外,引起细菌耐药性等一系列问题。因此建立食品和环境中磺胺类药物及其代谢物的检测方法对于保障环境及食品安全,保护人们身体健康具有重要意义。目前,检测磺胺类药物及其代谢物以色谱和质谱等仪器分析方法为主。由于食品和环境中样品基质复杂,药物浓度偏低,所以,在仪器分析前需采取适当的样品前处理对目标物进行富集和纯化。近年来,微型化、无溶剂化、自动化成为样品前处理的发展趋势,作者介绍了固相萃取、固相微萃取、分散液液微萃取、中空纤维液相微萃取、基质固相分散、分子印迹、免疫亲和色谱、场辅助萃取、QuEChERS法、浊点萃取等前处理技术的原理、优缺点及应用,并对未来样品前处理发展方向作出展望,旨在为磺胺类药物及其代谢物的检测提供理论依据。     

动物性食品中氟喹诺酮类药物残留研究进展

氟喹诺酮类（Fluoroquinolones,FQs）物作为广谱高效抗菌药物在动物性食品中的应用相当普遍。但其对人及动物的药物残留危害问题亦日益凸显。本文综述了动物性食品中FQs残留的研究进展,包括残留危害、残留限量、休药期和检测方法,以期为进一步开展FQs残留检测的研究和监测提供借鉴。     

Characterization of antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Newport isolated from animals, the environment, and animal food products in Canada

Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella enterica serovar Newport strains are increasingly isolated from animals and food products of animal origin and have caused septicemic illness in animals and humans. The purpose of this study was to determine the occurrence and the epidemiologic, phenotypic, and genotypic characteristics of S. Newport of animal origin that may infect humans, either via the food chain or directly. During the 1993-2002 period, the Office International des Epizooties Reference Laboratory for Salmonellosis in Guelph, Ontario, received 36 841 Salmonella strains for serotyping that had been isolated from animals, environmental sources, and food of animal origin in Canada. Of these, 119 (0.3%) were S. Newport. Before 2000, none of 49 S. Newport strains was resistant to more than 3 antimicrobials. In contrast, between January 2000 and December 2002, 35 of 70 isolates, primarily of bovine origin, were resistant to at least 11 antimicrobials, including the extended-spectrum cephalosporins. The blaCMY-2', flo(st'), strA, strB, sulII, and tetA resistance genes were located on plasmids of 80 to 90 MDa that were self-transmissible in 25% of the strains. Conserved segments of the integron 1 gene were found on the large MDR-encoding plasmids in 3 of 35 strains additionally resistant to gentamicin and spectinomycin or to spectinomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and trimethoprim. Resistance to kanamycin and neomycin was encoded by the aphA-1 gene, located on small plasmids (2.3 to 6 MDa). The increase in bovine-associated MDR S. Newport infections is cause for concern since it indicates an increased risk of human acquisition of the infection via the food chain.