酶制剂在高非淀粉多糖饲粮中对仔猪生长的效应

试验选取体重(15.30±1.54)kg的健康杜长大三元杂种仔猪120头,按体重相近的原则随机分为5个处理,每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头猪.对照组饲喂高非淀粉多糖基础饲粮,试验1组在基础饲粮中加0.1%酶制剂1,试验2组在基础饲粮中加0.005%酶制剂2,试验3组在基础饲粮中加0.018%酶制剂3,试验4组在基础饲粮中加0.025%酶制剂4,试验期26 d.结果表明,与对照组比较,饲粮中添加酶制剂提高了仔猪日增重,其中试验2、3和4组日增重显著提高(P＜0.05);试验组日采食量显著提高,试验1、2、3、4组日采食量分别提高20.00%(P＜0.05)、16.50%(P＜0.05)、15.31%(P＜0.05)和30.36%(P＜0.05);酶制剂有降低料重比的趋势,其中添加酶制剂2组料重比显著降低.结论:在高非淀粉多糖饲粮中添加酶制剂能显著提高仔猪的采食量、日增重和饲料转化效率.     

应用体外和饲养试验评估两种复合酶对仔猪养分消化和生长性能的影响

旨在运用体外模拟试验和饲养试验评定两种复合酶制剂在仔猪饲粮中的应用效果。体外试验采用单因素完全随机设计,分为3个样品处理组(基础饲粮,基础饲粮+酶制剂A,基础饲粮+酶制剂T),每个处理设5个重复,试验结果表明酶制剂A显著提高了基础饲粮的体外干物质、粗蛋白质及总能消化率(P0.05);酶制剂T提高了粗蛋白质消化率达2.8个百分点(P0.05),但同时降低了总能消化率(P0.05)。饲养试验选用72头平均体重为7.94 kg的断奶仔猪,随机分为3个处理组,每组设6个重复,每个重复4头猪,处理为基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+酶制剂A(500 g/t)和基础饲粮+酶制剂T(1 000 g/t)3种饲粮,试验期为42 d,分为0～14 d和15～42 d两个阶段。结果表明各处理组仔猪平均日采食量无显著差异(P0.05);在15～42 d和0～42 d,与对照组相比,酶制剂A显著提高了仔猪平均日增重并改善了料重比(P0.05);酶制剂T对仔猪平均日增重和料重比均无显著影响(P0.05);酶制剂A的作用效果优于酶制剂T。饲养试验结果与体外试验结果相符。     

饲粮添加银耳多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响

试验旨在研究银耳多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响。试验选取健康、体重接近的断奶仔猪72头,采用单因素完全随机化设计分为3个处理,即对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、无抗组(在对照组饲粮基础上饲喂完全不含抗生素的饲粮)和TP组(在无抗组饲粮的基础上补充0.2%的银耳多糖)。每个处理3个重复,每个重复8头猪。试验期24 d。结果表明:与对照组相比,仔猪饲喂无抗饲粮日采食量增加0.95%、日增重增加1.75%、料重比下降了0.98%、腹泻率增加12.54%,但是对断奶仔猪的日采食量、日增重、料重比和腹泻率均无显著影响,表明不添加抗生素未对断奶仔猪生长性能造成负面影响;与无抗组相比,饲粮添加0.2%银耳多糖,仔猪日采食量提高9.76%、日增重提高12.98%、料重比下降2.46%、腹泻率下降17.80%,表明饲粮添加0.2%银耳多糖能够显著提高断奶仔猪的生长性能;与对照组相比,饲粮添加0.2%银耳多糖,仔猪日采食量提高10.80%、日增重提高14.95%、料重比下降3.41%、腹泻率下降7.49%,表明添加0.2%银耳多糖能够显著提高仔猪的生长性能。研究表明,饲粮中不添加抗生素会增加仔猪腹泻率,但未对其他生长性能造成负面影响;添加0.2%银耳多糖能够降低腹泻率、显著提高仔猪生长性能,并且能够替代抗生素发挥作用。     

微囊丁酸钠对保育猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究微囊丁酸钠CM3000对保育仔猪生长性能的影响。选择120头日龄、体重接近的保育仔猪（杜×长×大）,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理组3个重复（栏）,每个重复20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮＋1000 g/t CM3000。结果表明,与对照组相比,CM3000组仔猪腹泻状况明显改善,平均日采食量提高了16%,平均日增重提高了31.07%,料重比降低了0.170。结果表明,日粮中添加CM3000可以提高保育仔猪的平均日采食量、平均日增重,并能降低料重比,减少腹泻,从而提高养殖场的经济效益。     

微囊丁酸钠对保育猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究微囊丁酸钠（CM3000）对保育仔猪生长性能的影响。选择120头日龄、体重接近的保育仔猪（杜×长×大）,随机分为2个处理组,每个处理组3个重复（栏）,每个重复20头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组饲喂基础日粮＋1 000 g/吨CM3000。结果表明,与对照组相比,试验组仔猪腹泻状况明显改善,平均日采食量提高了16%,平均日增重提高了31.07%,料重比降低了0.17。结果表明,日粮中添加微囊丁酸钠可以提高保育仔猪的平均日采食量、平均日增重,并能降低料重比,减少腹泻,从而提高养殖场的经济效益。     

四种复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能及养分消化率的影响

研究旨在比较常规日粮中添加4种不同复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、饲料养分消化率和仔猪腹泻率的影响.试验选取28日龄杜长大断奶仔猪120头,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复8头,分别饲喂基础日粮与在基础日粮中分别添加500 mg/kg复合酶A、B、C、D的试验日粮.试验为期30 d.结果表明,复合酶A和D均可显著提高断奶仔猪日增重(P＜0.05),降低料重比(P＜0.05),复合酶B和C与对照组和复合酶A组、D组之间差异不显著(P＞0.05);复合酶A和D可极显著降低断奶仔猪腹泻频率(P＜0.01).复合酶A显著提高了断奶仔猪对粗蛋白、总能和消化能的表观消化率(P＜0.05),对谷氨酸、丙氨酸等氨基酸的消化率也有显著提高(P＜0.05).各复合酶均能提高断奶仔猪生产性能和养分消化率,以复合酶A为最佳.     

两种复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生产性能及经济效益的影响

为了验证常规日粮中添加复合酶制剂对断奶仔猪生长性能、饲料转化率、腹泻率和经济效益的影响,试验将36头25日龄断奶的杜×长大仔猪随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,酶制剂1,2组分别在基础日粮中添加0.02%、0.03%酶制剂,进行30 d试验。结果表明:复合酶制剂1,2组断奶仔猪日增重显著提高(P0.05),料重比显著降低(P0.05);复合酶制剂1,2组断奶仔猪腹泻率显著降低(P0.05);酶制剂1,2组生产成本均显著降低(P0.05)。说明日粮中添加2种复合酶制剂均可明显改善早期断奶仔猪生产性能,提高经济效益,复合酶制剂2组效果最佳。     

日粮中添加酵母培养物对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选取21日龄的杜×长×大三元杂交断奶仔猪150头,随机分成3组,每组设2个重复,每个重复25头。A组（对照组）饲喂基础日粮;B组和C组分别在基础日粮中添加0.05%和0.10%的酵母培养物。试验结果表明：①C组的日增重显著高于A组（P<0.05）,B、C组之间差异不显著（P>0.05）;②C组的采食量显著高于A组（P<0.05）;③随着酵母培养物添加量的增加,料重比有下降的趋势;④C组的腹泻头数比对照组有明显减少,死亡淘汰数也有明显降低。     

蒙脱石对不同日龄仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响

为研究蒙脱石对不同日龄仔猪生长性能和腹泻的影响,试验分别选用64头50~55日龄仔猪和136头60~65日龄仔猪,各随机分成两组,每组4个重复。试验一:对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组日粮为在基础日粮中添加2%蒙脱石;试验二:对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组日粮为在基础日粮中添加2%蒙脱石。结果表明:在50~55日龄时,仔猪日粮中添加2%蒙脱石,日增重无显著变化,日采食量(P0.05)、料肉比(P0.05)和腹泻率均有所下降。在60~65日龄添加2%蒙脱石,仔猪日采食量和日增重分别显著提高5.2%(P0.05)和7.7%(P0.05),料肉比和腹泻率均明显降低。     

天添康对断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

选择72头断奶杜大长三元杂良种仔猪,随机分为试验组(A组)和对照组(B组),每组3栏,各栏12头.A组饲喂添加0.1％天添康的某品牌教槽料,B组饲喂无额外添加的相同品牌教槽料.统计试验组和对照组的试验初体重、试验末体重,每日采食量、和发生腹泻的头次等数据,进行生长性能分析.结果显示,试验组比对照组日均增重和日均采食量分别增加了32.34％、12.00％；与对照组相比,试验组的料重比改善了15.37％.试验期间,试验组并未发生腹泻,而对照组发生了6头次.     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.