乙基环丙沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究

本文报道以国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药──乙基环丙沙星（Ｅｎｒｏｆ－ｌｏｘａｃｉｎ），进行对实验性感染猪链球菌病及水肿病的药效学研究（２３０头猪）。试管两倍稀释法测得乙基环丙沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ＿（５５１２０））和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ＿（５４））的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８及０．０５μｇ／ｍｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和水肿病的实验性治疗结果表明，乙基环丙沙星低、中、高剂量组（分别为１．２５、２．５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）用药６０（每天２次）对猪链球病的治愈率分别是５０％、９５％及９５％，而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为７０％；乙基环丙沙星低、中、高剂量组（分别为１．２５、２．５、１０ｍｇ／ｋｇ）用药３ｄ（每隔１２ｈ给药一次）对猪水肿病的治愈率分别是８５％、９０％及９０％；而大肠杆菌感染对照组的死亡率为９０％。     

二氟沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及支原体性肺炎的药效学研究

本文报道国内新近研制的畜禽专用氟喹诺酮类抗菌药物－二氟沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及支原体性肺炎的药效学研究。以试管两倍稀释法测得二氟沙星对兰氏C群类马链球菌（C55120）和猪肺炎支原体（F16株）的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别是1．6级及0．16mg/L。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和支原体性肺炎的实验性治疗结果表明，低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组（2．5、5、10mg/kg)及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪链球菌病的治愈分别是40％、70％、80％及70％，而链球菌感染对照组的死亡率为70％；低、中、高剂量二氟沙星组及恩诺沙星组（2．5mg/kg)用药5d（每隔12h给药1次）对猪支原体性肺炎的治愈率分别是80％、90％、90％及80％；而支原体感染对照组的自愈率为10％。     

荣昌猪瘦肉型品系肥育性能研究

本研究对荣昌猪瘦肉型品系０至５世代共２４６头同胞肥育试验猪进行了肥育性能测定。结果表明，通过六个世代的选育，荣昌猪瘦肉型品系具有优良的胴体品质及较快的生长速度，并保持了原种荣昌猪肉质优良的遗传特性，胴体瘦肉率、肩腰荐三点均膘、后腿比例、胴体长分别由０世代的５１．７３％、２．６３ｃｍ、３１．３９％、８４．７５ｃｍ提高（降）至５世代的５５．００％、２．０６ｃｍ、３２．３９％、８７．２５ｃｍ，分别提高（降低）了６．３％、２１．７％、３．２％、２．９％；２０～９０ｋｇ日增重、每增重１ｋｇ耗料、达９０ｋｇ体重日龄分别由０世代的４５０．０ｇ、４．１７ｋｇ、２３４．９天提高（降）至５世代的５９８．８ｇ、３．３９ｋｇ、１８９．５天．分别提高（降低）了３３．５％、１９．３％、１９．３％。     

不同猪种四肢骨骼坚强度的研究

试验对五种肥育猪（安庆猪、淮猪、大安、长大安、大长淮各１０头）的肱骨和股骨作了坚强度测定。试验结果表明本地猪肱骨的骨重相对弯矩（安庆猪１１．４±１．５ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，淮猪１１．９±１．２ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ）显高于杂交猪相应的弯矩（大安８．９±２．６ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，长大安８．９±１．８ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，大长淮９．３±２．１ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ）。不同品种股骨的相对弯矩无显差异。     

不同猪种四肢骨胳坚强度的研究

试验对五种肥育猪（安庆猪、淮猪、大安、长大安、大长淮各１０头）的肱骨和股骨作了坚强度测定。试验结果表明本地猪肱骨的骨重相对弯矩（安庆猪１１．４±１．５ｋｇ．ｅｍ／ｇ，淮猪１１．９±１．２ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ）显著高于杂交猪相应的弯矩（大安８．９±２．６ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，长大安８．９±１．８ｋｇ．ｃｍ／ｇ，大长淮９．３±２．１ｋｇ，ｃｍ／ｇ）。不同品种股骨的相对弯矩无显著差异。     

玉米-豆粕型日粮添加植酸酶对生长猪生产性能和粪中磷含量的影响

试验选取５８头生长猪（１２５ｋｇ）随机分成三组,饲喂玉米—豆粕型日粮。对照组日粮中添加０８％磷酸氢钙（总磷０５６％,植酸磷０２６％）,试验组分别以２００ｇ／Ｔ的植酸酶取代２／３和全部的磷酸氢钙（总磷分别为０４８％和０４２％,植酸磷均为０２６％）。５６天试验结果表明,用植酸酶（２００ｇ／Ｔ）取代２／３的磷酸氢钙,生长猪的日增重、饲料报酬和经济效益与对照组均无明显差异,但用２００ｇ／Ｔ植酸酶取代全部的磷酸氢钙则上述指标明显下降,添加植酸酶后,粪中磷含量分别下降４００％和５１２％,对环境的污染明显下降,这种环保型的添加剂具有推广应用价值。     

甜菜碱促进猪生长的机理

９６ 头“杜长大”生长猪按饲养试验要求分成 ４ 组（每组 ３ 个重复）,分别饲 以添加 ０、１ ０００、１ ５００、２ ０００ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ甜菜碱的基础日粮,试验期 ６２ ｄ。结果表明,１ ０００ ｍ ｇ／ｋｇ 剂量组试验猪生长性能最佳,日增重较对照组提高了 １３２０％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）, 料重比降低了 ７９３％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）。该组猪血清 Ｇ Ｈ、 Ｉ Ｇ Ｆ Ｉ、 Ｔ３ 、 Ｔ４ 水平分别升高了 １０１７６％ （ Ｐ＜ ００１）, ４４７５％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）, ２６５３％ （ Ｐ＜ ００１） 和 １６８３％ （ Ｐ＜ ００５）; 血清游离丝氨酸含量提高了 １４２８％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００５）; 血清总蛋白上升了 ２１６９％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）, 血清尿素氮含量降低 了 ４７６７％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）; 背最 长肌 和 肝脏 中 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ 含量 及 背最 长肌 Ｒ Ｎ Ａ／ Ｄ Ｎ Ａ 比 率分 别升 高了１２６０％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００５）, １７８０％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００２） 和 １９７９％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００２）; 肝脏 和腺 垂体 ｃ Ａ Ｍ Ｐ 含 量提 高了４７５３％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１） 和 ６５２１％ （ Ｐ ＜ ００１）。研究结果提示,甜菜碱似作用     

不同磷水平日粮添加植酸酶对猪生产性能的影响

本试验选取５８头生长猪（１２５ｋｇ）随机分成３组，饲喂玉米—豆粕型日粮。对照组日粮中添加０８％磷酸氢钙（总磷０５６％，植酸磷０２６％），试验组分别以２００ｇ／ｔ的植酸酶取代２／３和全部的磷酸氢钙（总磷分别为０４８％和０４２％，植酸磷均为０２６％）。５６ｄ试验结果表明，用植酸酶（２００ｇ／ｔ）取代２／３的磷酸氢钙，生长猪的日增重、饲料报酬和经济效益与对照组均无明显差异，但用２００ｇ／ｔ植酸酶取代全部的磷酸氢钙则上述指标明显下降，添加植酸酶后，粪中磷含量分别下降４００％和５１２％，对环境的污染明显下降。     

蒽诺沙星对支原体的抑菌试验和对鸡毒支原体病的治疗试验

蒽诺沙星是动物专用的喹诺酮类药物,近年来在兽医临床应用上取得了较大进展［１］,尤其是它对鸡细菌性病的防治作用已有报道［２,３］。为了进一步验证其对鸡毒支原体病的治疗效果,特就蒽诺沙星对试管中鸡毒支原体的抑菌作用及对鸡毒支原体病的治疗作用进行试验,现将试验结果报告如下。１　材料和方法１．１　药品　蒽诺沙星,由广州白云山兽药厂提供,批号为９５０５０１,原液中含蒽诺沙星５％。红霉素,粉剂中含红霉素５％,江苏扬中兽药厂生产,批号为９５０３０１,中国兽药监察所提供。１．２　菌株　鸡毒支原体菌株Ｒ株、Ｓ６株…     

兔肺炎支原体呼吸道感染治疗药物的疗效试验

兔肺炎支原体病作为兔的一种慢性呼吸道传染病，在兔群中流行广，危害大，且难根治。本研究筛选出以蒽诺沙星作为兔肺炎支原体病的治疗药物，并在兔呼吸道感染的治疗应用中获得确切疗效。现介绍如下：１材料与方法１．１治疗药物１．１．１兔用蒽诺沙星油剂江苏省农业科学院制。１．１．２青霉素注射液用青霉素粉剂配成５万单位／mL。１．１．３硫酸卡那霉素注射液沈阳第一制药厂制。１．２治疗方法将２０只活体分离到支原体的患兔分为４组，每组５只。第１组每只兔颈部皮下注射蒽诺沙星油剂０．５mL，每天１次，连续５天。第２组每只兔颈…     

沙拉沙星对实验性感染猪链球菌病及大肠杆菌病的药效学

为兽医临床合理应用沙拉星（Ｓarafloxacin）提供理论依据,就其对实验性感染猪链球菌 病及大肠杆菌病的药效学进行了研究。以试管２倍稀释法测得沙拉沙星对兰氏Ｃ群类马链球菌（Ｃ５５１２０）和猪大肠杆菌（Ｏ５５）的最小抑菌浓度（ＭＩＣ）分别是０．８mg/Ｌ及０．０５mg/Ｌ。肌注给药对猪链球菌病和大肠杆菌病的试验性治疗结果不明,低、中 高剂量沙拉沙星组２．５、５、１０mg/kg）及环丙沙星组（５mg/kg）用药５d（每隔１２     

沙拉沙星对实验性猪链球菌病及猪水肿病的药效学

将兽医专用氟喹诺酮类药物沙拉沙星以不同治疗方案分别对实验性猪链球菌病和猪水肿病进行药效学研究。在每天总剂量相同的情况下 ,每天 1次与每天 2次给药取得了较好而相似的疗效 (P>0 .0 5 ) :对猪链球菌病 ,每天总剂量为 10 m g/ kg时 ,肌注给药的治愈率分别为 10 0 %和 90 %,但在迅速改善临床症状方面 ,每天 1次给药优于每天 2次(P<0 .0 5 ) ;对猪水肿病 ,每天总剂量为 5 mg/ kg时 ,肌注给药的治愈率均为 10 0 %。结果表明 ,在总剂量相同时 ,以大剂量、长间隔与以较小剂量、短间隔治疗实验性猪链球菌病与猪水肿病 ,均取得相当的疗效。     

Evaluation of tulathromycin for the treatment of pneumonia following experimental infection of swine with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Tulathromycin was evaluated in the treatment of pneumonia in weaned pigs inoculated intranasally with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Five days postchallenge, the pigs were randomized to treatment with a single IM administration of saline, a single IM administration of tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg; day 0), or three IM administrations of enrofloxacin (5.0 mg/kg; days 0, 1, 2). Pigs were necropsied on day 12 or 13. Unchallenged controls remained healthy with no lung pathology. Compared with saline, coughing, mean lung lesion score, and proportional lung weight were significantly reduced and weight gain was significantly greater for tulathromycin-treated pigs (P < .05). Compared with enrofloxacin, there were no significant differences in proportional lung weight or weight gains, but coughing and lung lesion scores were greater for tulathromycin-treated pigs (P < .05). Tulathromycin was effective in the treatment of pneumonia following experimental infection with M. hyopneumoniae.     

Evaluation of tiamulin for treatment of mycoplasmal pneumonia in swine

During 3 trials, using affected pigs of various ages, tiamulin was evaluated for treatment of experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia. Pneumonia was induced in respiratory tract disease-free swine by intratracheal inoculation of a lung homogenate containing Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. Eleven days after inoculation, when more than 20% of pigs were coughing, pigs were allotted to 3 or 4 groups (n = 8 pigs each) and were given regimens of no medication or 60 mg, 120 mg, or 180 mg of tiamulin/L of drinking water for 10 days. Twenty-one days after cessation of medication, pigs were euthanatized and then were necropsied. Results obtained from the 3 trials did not indicate significant difference among treatment groups in severity of macroscopic or microscopic lesions induced by M hyopneumoniae or in detection of M hyopneumoniae by use of immunofluorescent technique. Clinical evaluations, daily gain, and feed efficiency did not differ significantly among treatment groups. In this study, tiamulin administration did not have beneficial effects in swine with mycoplasmal pneumonia.     

Efficacy of difloxacin in calves experimentally infected with Mannheimia haemolytica

OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy of difloxacin, a novel fluoroquinolone antibiotic, in calves experimentally infected with Mannheimia haemolytica (formerly Pasteurella haemolytica). ANIMALS: Seventy-two 3-month-old Holstein calves. PROCEDURES: Calves were inoculated with M haemolytica intratracheally; after they developed clinical signs of pneumonic pasteurellosis, they were randomly assigned to 1 of 6 groups (n = 12/group). Calves in each group were treated with 10% difloxacin (2.5 or 5 mg/kg of body weight), 5% difloxacin (2.5 or 5 mg/kg), enrofloxacin (5 mg/kg), or saline (0.9% NaCl) solution (control group), once daily for 5 days, and clinical signs were scored daily. On day 15, calves were euthanatized, and the percentage of diseased lung tissue was calculated. Swab specimens of the lungs were submitted for bacterial culture. RESULTS: Mortality rate and percentage of diseased lung tissue were significantly higher and cure rate and average daily gain were significantly lower for control calves, compared with calves in the treatment groups; however, no significant differences were found among treatment groups. Mannheimia haemolytica was isolated from the lungs of 10 control calves and from at least 2 calves in each of the treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that difloxacin and enrofloxacin were equally effective for treatment of calves with experimentally induced pneumonic pasteurellosis. However, treatment of infected calves with difloxacin or enrofloxacin may not eliminate the organism.     

壮观霉素治疗猪支原体肺炎试验

本试验用壮观霉素，通过控制试验和临床治疗对人工感染和自然感染猪支原体肺炎的病猪进行治疗试验。控制试验分三种不同剂组，治疗１个疗程。１０毫克／千克体重的治愈率为７５％，治疗有效率为１００％。２０毫克／千克体重和３０毫克／千克体重的治愈率均为９１．７％，治疗有效率为１００％。     

氧氟沙星对霉形体与大肠杆菌合并感染鸡的药效学研究

以试管两倍稀释法测得氧氟沙星及其对照药物恩诺沙星、洛美沙星和强力霉素对鸡败血霉形体的最小抑菌浓度分别为０．００６２５、０．０２５、０．４和０．４ｍｇ／Ｌ。５０、１００、２００ｍｇ／Ｌ氧氟沙星、５０ｍｇ／Ｌ恩诺沙星、５０ｍｇ／Ｌ洛美沙星和１００ｍｇ／Ｌ强力霉素连续５ｄ饮水给药,对人工合并感染败血霉形体和大肠杆菌病鸡的治愈率分别是９３．３％、９６．７％、９６．７％、１００％、９６．７％和８３．３％,感     

Efficacy of in-feed medication with tylosin for the treatment and control of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infections

The efficacy of in-feed medication with tylosin for the treatment of enzootic pneumonia was examined in an experimental Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae infection model. One group of 10 conventional M. hyopneumoniae-free pigs was inoculated intratracheally with a highly virulent field isolate of M. hyopneumoniae; a second group of 10 pigs was inoculated in the same way and after 12 days was given tylosin at 100 mg/kg feed for 21 days; a third group of 10 pigs was inoculated with sterile culture medium, and these pigs were not given tylosin. The pigs were examined daily for clinical signs and each pig was given a respiratory disease score. Thirty-three days after they had been infected the pigs were euthanased, the lung lesions were quantified and samples of lung were processed for immunofluorescence testing for M. hyopneumoniae. The mean (sd) respiratory disease and lung lesion scores were significantly higher (P<0.05) in both the infected groups than in the uninfected group. Between 23 and 33 days after infection the mean respiratory disease score of the pigs treated with tylosin was 0.54 (0.22), significantly (P<0.05) lower than that of the infected pigs which were left untreated, 1.54 (0.46); similarly, their average lung lesion score, 1.72 (1.20), was significantly lower than that of the untreated pigs, 5.27 (3.85).     

In vitro evaluation of various quinolone antibacterial agents against veterinary mycoplasmas and porcine respiratory bacterial pathogens

The in vitro activities of 12 quinolones and four antibiotics were determined against 15 veterinary mycoplasmal species and four species of bacteria commonly involved in respiratory infections in pigs. The newer quinolones were markedly more active in vitro against a wide range of mycoplasmas than nalidixic acid and the earlier quinolones. Against Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae ciprofloxacin was the most active quinolone with a geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) against 16 strains of 0.01 microgram ml-1 compared with 0.04 microgram ml-1 for tiamulin, 0.06 microgram ml-1 for tylosin, 0.17 microgram ml-1 for oxytetracycline and 0.23 microgram ml-1 for gentamicin. M hyosynoviae was less sensitive to the quinolones with mean MICs of 0.6 microgram ml-1 for ofloxacin and 0.7 microgram ml-1 for ciprofloxacin compared with 0.034 microgram ml-1, or less, for tiamulin. Norfloxacin and its 6-chloro analogue were both mycoplasmacidal in vitro at five or 10 times their MICs against M hyopneumoniae UCD4. Tiamulin was mycoplasmastatic. The quinolones were also active against porcine Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida strains and Haemophilus species. Ciprofloxacin was the most active quinolone with mean MICs of 0.58 microgram ml-1 against B bronchiseptica (nine strains), 0.026 microgram ml-1 against P multocida (five strains) and 0.01 microgram ml-1, or less, against Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae (nine strains) and H parasuis (two strains) compared with mean MICs of from 0.5 microgram ml-1 to 64 micrograms ml-1, or more, for the antibiotics. This combination of excellent mycoplasmacidal activity against M hyopneumoniae and good antibacterial activity, suggests that the quinolones have great potential for treating respiratory infections in pigs, including enzootic pneumonia.