安徽白山羊板皮品质研究

对安徽白山羊及其杂种板皮的理化特性和组织学特性比较研究结果表明：安徽白山羊板皮较厚，尤其真皮层较厚，抗张强度和撕裂强度较大，毛纤维密而较细，胶原纤维编织比较紧密，但板皮面积较小，部位差较大，尤其颈部皮肤较厚；杂交可改进安徽白山羊板皮的品质。     

二元杂交对安徽白山羊的影响

对波×安和萨×安F1及安徽白山羊生长发育性能、肉用性能和板皮性能进行研究,结果表明(1)两个杂交组合的生长发育速度较安徽白山羊有显著提高(P＜0.01),二元杂交组合在6月龄前生长较快,6月龄后变慢,可以利用这两个杂交组合进行羊肉生产.(2)二元杂交的产肉性能较安徽白山羊有显著提高(P＜0.01);肉质方面有变劣的趋势,表现为杂交使肌纤维直径变粗,萨×安组合的肌肉嫩度变差.(3)二元杂交使安徽白山羊板皮面积增大,均匀度变好,板皮变薄,毛纤维变粗.     

三元杂交对安徽白山羊板皮性状的影响

安徽白山羊是黄淮山羊的一个地方类群 ,以板皮质量好而著称 ,作为传统的出口商品属“汉口路”。该羊主要分布于安徽省淮北地区及沿淮各县 ,年出栏70 0余万只 ,是产区重要的经济支柱之一。随着现代养羊业的发展 ,羊肉生产越来越受到人们的关注。目前安徽白山羊产区正在引进波尔山羊和萨能山羊等品种进行杂交 ,搞肉羊生产 ,这种杂交势必对安徽白山羊板皮产生影响。笔者曾对安徽白山羊二元杂交板皮作过研究 ,本文探讨三元杂交对安徽白山羊板皮的影响 ,为黄淮山羊的杂交利用和板皮生产提供理论依据。1　材料与方法1 .1　供试羊的选择　选择健康…     

安徽白山羊品种资源的保护与利用

安徽白山羊是优良的地方品种，经过长期选育，形成了耐粗饲、适应性强、繁殖率高、肉和板皮质量优的优良特性。2009年，安徽白山羊人选省级畜禽遗传资源保护名录。阜阳市的安徽白山羊饲养年代悠久，群体较大，是安徽白山羊的重要集散地，年交易加工安徽白山羊达数百万只，产品远销浙江、福建、广东、湖南、江苏等地。     

陕南白山羊屠宰测定结果

镇巴县为陕南白山羊中心产区。为探明当地白山羊的生产性能,笔者随机选择18月龄陕南白山羊羯羊开展了屠宰测定试验,获得了屠宰率、板皮面积等性能指标。     

安徽白山羊二元杂交肉用性能研究

对波安F1羊、萨安F1羊和安徽白山羊进行肉用性能比较,研究表明：波安F1羊和萨安F1羊肉用性能较安徽白山羊有较大提高;萨安F1羊肉质有变劣的趋势,表现在肌肉嫩度变差、肌纤维变粗和失水率增大;波安F1羊肌纤维也较安徽白山羊组。波安组合肉用性能优于萨安组合。     

披碱草和野大麦杂种F1和BC1代的形态学研究

对披碱草和野大麦及其杂种F1与BC1代的形态特征进行了观察比较，结果表明，杂种F1外部形态特征偏向亲本披碱草，F1穗长超过披碱草，小穗长、每小穗小花数、颖长、稃长也超过双亲的平均值，体现出较强的杂种优势，杂种F1继承了野大麦短根茎和每节3枚小穗的特性，正交、反交对F1植株颜色有明显影响，对F1其他形状没有明显影响；BC1代形态特征明显偏向轮回亲本野大麦，不同株系在外部形态上有较大变异；第一颗的形状可作为亲本和杂种的特征性状，以此作为鉴别杂种真伪的重要特征之一。     

安徽白山羊三元杂交肉用性能研究

对三元杂交波萨安组合，马萨安组合及对照组安徽白山羊6月龄羯羊的肉用性能进行了研究，结果表明：胴体重，屠宰率，胴体产肉量，净肉率，肉骨比，眼肌面积等性状表现为波萨安组合＞马萨安组合＞安徽白山羊，内脏脂肪沉积能力，波萨安组合和马萨安组合大于安徽白山羊，波萨安组合和安萨安组合的多数肉质指标较安徽白山羊有不同程度的下降。     

安徽白山羊杂交效应

对安徽白山羊及其二元杂交组合(波×安,萨×安)、三元杂交组合(波×萨×安,马×萨×安)和级进杂交组合(波×波×安)研究表明:(1)杂交能提高安徽白山羊的生长发育速度。二元杂交和三元杂交组合在6月龄前生长较快,6月龄后变慢;级进杂交在8月龄前生长较快。(2)无论是二元杂交还是三元杂交,均能提高安徽白山羊的产肉性能(P<0 01,P<0 05),但肉质有下降的趋势,三元杂交比二元杂交下降更多。(3)二元杂交和三元杂交能够增大安徽白山羊板皮面积(P<0 01,P<0 05),减小毛纤维密度,二元杂交使板皮的均匀度提高。     

陶寒F1、波寒F1与小尾寒羊育肥试验研究

通过在同等条件下，对3月龄左右的波寒F1代、陶寒F1代和小尾寒羊育肥60 d。结果增重速度和饲料报酬以陶寒F1最好，波寒F1次之，二者均高于小尾寒羊，产肉性能以陶寒F1最好、波寒F1次之、小尾寒羊较差，差异显著。认为波♂×寒♀，陶♂×寒♀在肉羊生产中是比较理想的杂交组合，尤其是陶♂×寒♀杂交。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.