上海市规模猪场猪伪狂犬病传播风险因素调查

为评估上海市规模猪场(母猪存栏量≥350头)猪伪狂犬病(PR)场群流行率,探寻PR传播的风险因素,通过两阶段随机抽样策略,抽取91个规模猪场,采集母猪血清样品1 349份;采用gp I-ELISA方法进行猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)野毒感染抗体检测,同步对采样规模猪场进行问卷调查;将调查的风险因素转换成二分类变量,用Epi info~(TM)7软件进行单因素分析;筛选出P0.05的变量,对其进行多因素Logistic回归分析,并建立ROC曲线,计算模型的预测概率。抗体检测结果显示,上海市规模猪场PR场群流行率为62.76%(95%CI:52.82%~72.69%)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:1年内引进种猪(OR:4.84,95%CI:1.53~15.3,P=0.007)、引进公猪精液(OR:10.63,95%CI:0.88~130.41,P=0.06)、病死猪收集场所位于场区内(OR:3.65,95%CI:1.15~11.59,P=0.03)和场内有流浪犬猫(OR:5.12,95%CI:1.47~17.81,P=0.01)是导致PR传播的主要危害性因素;引种/引进精液时检测PRV g E抗体(OR:0.31,95%CI:0.09~1.12,P=0.07)为主要保护性因素。多因素Logistic回归模型建立的ROC曲线下面积为0.844(95%CI:75.3%~93.5%)。本研究掌握了上海市规模猪场PR的流行和分布情况,建立了规模猪场PR场间传播的多因素Logistic风险模型,为上海市规模猪场的PR防控和净化工作提供了依据。     

2013年安徽省中小规模种猪场猪伪狂犬病群流行率及风险因素横断面研究

[目的]了解安徽省中等规模种猪场猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）的感染情况。[方法]2013年8月至11月,开展了中等规模种猪场猪伪狂犬病群流行率和风险因素的横断面研究。通过简单随机抽样方法,选取了380个中等规模种猪场;用发现疫病的抽样策略,在每个种猪场采集了5份母猪血清,使用IDEXX公司猪伪狂犬病病毒gE-ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。同时开展了问卷调查,并对种猪场之间PR传播潜在的29个风险因素进行了统计学分析。[结果]2013年安徽省中等规模种猪场猪伪狂犬病的群流行率为34.1%（95%置信区间29.3%~38.9%）;没有灭鼠措施（OR=2.5,95%置信区间：1.4~3.7,P<0.001）、购入种猪未经检测（OR=2.2,95%置信区间：1.1~4.2,P=0.024）、未免疫含PR 6种以上猪病（OR=2.0,95%置信区间：1.2~3.1, P=0.004）是2013年安徽省中小规模种猪场感染PRV的风险因素。Logistic 回归拟合度较好（P>0.05）,ROC曲线下面积为0.68（95%置信区间：0.62-0.73）。[结论]安徽省中等规模种猪场场间PR流行率较高,建议购入种猪前需进行检测,免疫含PR等6种以上猪病疫苗并定期灭鼠。     

广西贵港市猪伪狂犬病血清学流行率和风险因素横断面研究

为了掌握广西贵港市规模猪场猪伪狂犬病(PR)的感染状况,估计场群流行率和分布情况,研究场群感染的潜在风险因素,本试验按照估计流行率的抽样策略,随机抽取81家规模猪场,使用猪伪狂犬病gE-ELISA试剂盒,对1 604份血清样品进行PR血清学检测,并结合问卷调查开展相关风险因素研究,通过单因素分析和多变量logistic回归分析方法,建立PR场群感染的风险模型。结果显示,贵港市规模猪场PR血清学场群真实流行率为23.94%(95%CI:13.90%～33.98%),其中种猪场PR血清学场群真实流行率为33.37%(95%CI:13.20%～53.54%),商品猪场PR血清学场群真实流行率为23.65%(95%CI:12.83%～34.48%)。猪场"位于港南区"、"方圆3 km内有猪场"、"离主干道距离≤500 m"和"饲料来源外购"是贵港市规模猪场感染PR的潜在风险因素。     

河南省某县羊群布鲁菌氏病横断面调查及感染风险因素分析

为了解河南省羊布鲁氏菌病流行现状以及羊养殖场感染风险因素,按照两阶段抽样检测方法,采集某县羊养殖场和散养村的羊血清样品,采用虎红平板凝集和试管凝集垂直试验进行布鲁氏菌检测。结果显示,该县散养村的羊布鲁氏菌病表观群体流行率为16.35%,真实群流行率为18.17%(95%CI:12.14%~24.20%),养殖场的表观群体流行率为22.22%,真实群流行率为25.60%(95%CI:13.87%~37.33%)。风险因素分析结果显示,“羊贩随意进出养殖场(OR=18.50,95%CI:1.82~188.39)”和“共用种公羊(OR=12.00,95%CI:1.11~129.42)”是该县羊养殖场感染布鲁氏菌的主要风险因素。结果表明,该县羊布鲁氏菌病流行较为严重,提示该县需要加强布鲁氏菌病防控,提高养羊场户的生物安全管理水平,加强散养村内种公羊的布鲁氏菌监测与净化,及时淘汰阳性羊。     

山西省晋中市规模猪场母猪伪狂犬病群流行率及感染风险因素横断面研究

为了解2018年山西省晋中市规模猪场母猪伪狂犬病血清学场群流行率,寻找猪伪狂犬病毒感染的潜在风险因素,以母猪存栏大于100头的75个规模猪场为研究目标,按照发现疫病的抽样策略,采用两阶段抽样方法,随机选取51个规模猪场,在每个养殖场随机抽取30份血清样品进行感染抗体检测,并对所有检测的规模猪场开展问卷调查。抗体检测结果显示,晋中市规模猪场母猪伪狂犬病场群流行率为40.90%(95%CI:27.3%～54.5%)。单因素分析显示,风险因素为"方圆3 km内有其他家畜养殖场、交易市场或者屠宰场",保护性因素为"引进猪只时检测伪狂犬病毒感染抗体和1年内引进公猪精液"。建立的模型拟合度较好,模型ROC曲线下面积为0.835(95%CI:0.658～1.000)。调查结果提示,新建养殖场要与其他的家畜养殖场、交易市场或者屠宰场保持安全的养殖距离,规模养殖场要坚持自繁自养,在引进种猪和公猪精液时一定要进行严格地PRV检测。     

福建省厦门市猪伪狂犬病血清学流行率估计与风险因素分析

猪伪狂犬病是国家要求猪场开展净化的病种。为做好猪伪狂犬病的净化工作,对厦门市猪群伪狂犬病感染状况进行了流行病学调查,从而估计其血清学流行率。本研究使用猪伪狂犬病病毒g E-ELISA抗体检测试剂盒,检测了2 402份血清样品;另外实地调查了40个猪场的饲养管理和免疫等情况,分析伪狂犬病发生的风险因素。结果显示,厦门市猪伪狂犬病血清学的场真实流行率为71.8%(95%CI:62.3%~81.2%),个体真实流行率为59.0%(95%CI:57.3%~60.7%);外购种猪是猪场感染伪狂犬病的主要危险因素。     

某种猪场伪狂犬病血清流行率的横断面研究

[目的]制定科学的猪伪狂犬病净化策略,估计猪场伪狂犬病的流行率和群间分布情况。[方法]通过科学合理抽样,采用针对性的检测方法,使用猪伪狂犬病病毒g E-ELISA试剂盒,对采自厦门市一种猪场不同猪群的1561份样品进行了血清学检测。[结果]该猪场伪狂犬病血清学真实流行率为90.8%(95%CI:87.9%~93.7%);不同猪群中,种公猪的g E抗体阳性率最低,其次为育肥猪,哺乳仔猪的g E抗体阳性率最高;不同品种间,黑猪的g E抗体阳性率最高,其次为大白和长白,杜洛克的g E抗体阳性率最低。[结论]该种猪场可能感染了新的伪狂犬病毒,导致血清学流行率较高;在今后类似的伪狂犬病血清学流行率研究中,可以考虑把哺乳仔猪排除在研究群外;如无法在短期内淘汰所有PRV g E抗体阳性种猪,建议首先要淘汰阳性种公猪,其次要探索合理的免疫程序,定期加强监测。     

广东省仔猪病毒性腹泻横断面研究

[目的]估计广东省规模化猪场仔猪病毒性腹泻(PVD)的群体流行率,分析PVD发生的风险因素。[方法]2013年12月—2014年3月,对广东省197个规模化猪场进行调查和横断面分析研究。[结果]调查发现:广东省规模化猪场的PVD场流行率为48.55%(95%CI:42.27%~56.21%)。PVD流行与猪场规模(OR=1.340,P=0.020)、外来人员进入生产区(OR=4.740,P=0.007)、距县级以上公路距离(OR=0.389,P=0.008)、病死猪无害化处理与否(OR=0.244,P=0.035)有关联。多元logistic回归分析发现:参观者进入生产区(OR=5.003,95%CI:1.555~16.096,P=0.007)是发生PVD的风险因素;免疫猪流行性腹泻和传染性胃肠炎(PED+TGE)二联灭活疫苗(OR=2.012,95%CI:1.035~3.912,P=0.039)、未进行病死猪无害化处理(OR=0.306,95%CI:0.080~1.175,P=0.084)、距县级以上公路距离过近(OR=0.530,95%CI:0.080~1.175,P=0.090)可能是混杂因素。[结论]本研究弄清了广东省规模化猪场PVD的场流行率,确定了参观者进入生产区是发生PVD的风险因素,提示生物安全措施对PVD控制的重要性。     

安徽省规模化种猪场猪伪狂犬病血清学调查

为了解安徽省规模化种猪场猪伪狂犬病病毒(PRV)野毒感染情况,采集99个不同规模种猪场血清样品3 344份,用ELISA方法开展PRV抗体血清学调查。结果表明,99个猪场中,66个种猪场PRV gE抗体阳性,阳性率66.67%;检测种猪血清3 344份,PRV gE抗体阳性率为18.96%。12个市的种猪场均有PRV感染的情况,其中滁州市PRV抗体阳性率最高;种猪群规模在200头以下的猪场,猪群PRV抗体阳性率较高,4胎以上的经产的母猪,免疫接种2次的母猪感染率较高,且差异极显著(P0.01)。说明安徽省不同规模种猪场PRV感染相当普遍,疫苗免疫接种并未从根本上消除PRV的隐性感染。     

2017—2019年河南省猪伪狂犬病监测

为了解近年来河南省猪伪狂犬病（PR）流行情况，2017—2019年对河南省种猪场、商品代猪场、散养户和屠宰场，共1 454场次的44 059份猪血清进行了猪伪狂犬病病毒（PRV）gE抗体检测，对种猪场、商品代猪场、屠宰场和无害化处理厂，共807个场次的12 824份猪组织样品进行了病原学检测，并对检测结果进行了时间、空间和群间分布分析。结果显示：2017—2019年河南省PRV gE抗体个体阳性率为27.89%，场群阳性率为53.51%；病原个体阳性率为2.47%，场群阳性率为11.65%。2017年和2019年的PRV感染率较为接近，2018年较高；冬春季节和夏季PRV感染率较高（P＜0.05）；豫西、豫北和豫中地区PRV感染率明显高于豫东和豫南地区（P＜0.05）；屠宰场和商品代猪场PRV感染率明显高于种猪场和散养户（P＜0.05）。结果表明，河南省猪群PR流行具有一定的季节、区域和场群分布特点，可依据其流行特点，分区域、按场点，以种猪场为中心，分类指导、梯度推进全省PR净化工作。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1991

In late November 1991, 1883 clinics in Canada were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in dogs in 1991 and there was a 60.0% response. There were 344,031 dogs tested for heart-worm (HW), 627 were found infected and the prevalence of HW infection was 0.18%. There were 417 dogs with HW in Ontario, 116 in Manitoba, 38 in Quebec, 53 in British Columbia, three in Alberta, and one in Nova Scotia. In British Columbia, all of the infected dogs but one were from the Okanagan valley which, as from 1991, is a new focus of infection in Canada. Most dogs with HW had not been on preventive medication in 1990, and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 0.59%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Companion dogs, over three years of age and maintained primarily outdoors in rural areas, were most frequently infected. One cat was diagnosed with D. immitis and 33 dogs had Dipetalonema reconditium.     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.