蜂产品促进人类健康作用的研究进展

蜂产品包括蜂蜜、蜂王浆、蜂花粉、蜂胶、蜂毒和蜂蛹等。近年来,随着分子生物学等学科的发展,对蜂产品的研究逐渐深入。文章就国内外对蜂蜜的抗炎及抗衰老作用;蜂王浆预防阿尔兹海默症、调节围绝经期女性生殖内分泌、保护机体免疫器官和促进免疫潜力、促进组织细胞再生的作用;蜂胶的防治脂肪肝、治疗糖尿病、防治新型冠状病毒、作为创伤愈合剂作用;蜂毒的抗肿瘤、抗血栓作用;蜂花粉的抗肿瘤、抗氧化和保护肝损伤等多种药理活性;雄蜂蛹的医药价值研究方面进展进行了综述。以期为蜂产品的进一步研究以及开发利用提供参考。     

蜂花粉抗氧化作用的研宄进展

蜂花粉营养全面,含有多种生物活性物质,具有延缓衰老、抗菌消炎、增强免疫力等多种生理和药理功能。综述了蜂花粉中起抗氧化作用的因子和影响蜂花粉抗氧化作用的因素,并对蜂花粉的进一步开发利用方向进行了展望。     

蜂胶及其活性成分对肝损伤的保护作用研究进展

近年来,有关蜂胶的保肝作用国内外学者做了大量研究。基于此,对酒精性肝损伤、药物性肝损伤、缺血再灌注性肝损伤机制及蜂胶和蜂胶活性成分对其防治作用进行综述,并对肝损伤研究前景进行展望。     

蜂花粉中脂类对蜜蜂的作用

蜂花粉是蜜蜂主要的饲粮来源,对蜜蜂具有重要的营养作用。蜂花粉中脂肪酸、甾醇等脂类物质丰富,对蜜蜂采食、抗菌、寿命等均有影响。本文对蜂花粉中的脂类进行了分析,并就脂类对蜜蜂的营养、诱食和抗菌等作用,以及蜜蜂对脂类的营养需要进行阐述。     

2017年蜂花粉研究概况

蜂花粉富含多种功能营养物质,因此具有很高的营养价值,被人们称为“全能营养库”或“微型营养库”。蜂花粉在食品中的应用历史悠久,早在两千多年前的《神农本草经》中就记载了香蒲花粉是一种有益食品。近代科学研究和临床应用也充分肯定了花粉的医疗保健作用,蜂花粉对心脑血管疾病、前列腺癌、前列腺增生、肝病、习惯性便秘、贫血、糖尿病、哮喘等均有一定的治疗作用。近年来,花粉已成为风靡世界的营养食品,越来越受到人们的重视。本文以2017年国外核心期刊上有关蜂花粉研究的论文为依据,对蜂蜜的研究进展进行综述。     

油菜蜂花粉生理活性及作用机制研究进展

近年来,油菜蜂花粉抗前列腺增生研究取得了突破性进展,明确了所含的长链脂肪酸类、黄酮类、生物碱、脑苷脂类及甾体化合物为抗BPH有效成分群,其中长链脂肪酸类活性最强。油菜蜂花粉抗BPH显示出多成分、多靶点、多环节的特点,特别是对激素的调节和抗炎作用明显,其药效物质基础和作用机制基本得以阐明。黄酮类提取物是油菜蜂花粉抗氧化性的活性物质;油菜蜂花粉多糖通过提高机体IL-2、TNF-αmRNA的表达而发挥抗肿瘤作用;油菜花粉超临界CO2提取物具有降低高血脂和抗炎的作用。以上的研究成果为油菜蜂花粉深层次开发利用提供了科学依据。     

相对湿度对破壁蜂花粉水分含量的影响

为了研究相对湿度对破壁蜂花粉水分含量的影响,在20~25℃室温条件下,基于不同的空气相对湿度,经过分析破壁蜂花粉水分含量随敞放时间的变化规律,获得了蜂花粉的最佳加工环境。结果表明,空气相对湿度为10%的条件对蜂花粉有着干燥的作用;当周围环境的相对湿度大于35%时,蜂花粉吸潮较为明显,不利于生产、加工和贮藏;而当相对湿度在30~35%之间时,综合考虑各方面因素的影响,此为生产破壁蜂花粉最佳环境。     

蜂花粉在医疗保健中的应用进展

蜂花粉在医疗保健中的应用进展南京军区司政机关医院（南京市小营路２号,邮编：２０００１丁志贤蜂花粉研究的深入,使人们越来越多地认识到蜂花粉对人体的多种保健和治疗作用。１男性病的灵丹妙药唐代诗人李商隐身患黄肿和阳萎求治无效,服用蜂花粉和蜂粮治愈。他写下了...     

蜂花粉的免疫作用及其在畜牧业中的应用

蜂花粉用作饲料添加剂越来越受到人们的重视,作者对蜂花粉的成分、免疫作用进行了概述,并报告了其在畜牧业中应用的现状。     

蜂花粉贮存误区及保鲜技术

蜂花粉素有完全营养源、微型植物药库之美誉,可见蜂花粉的营养价值和医疗作用非同一般。然而,由于人们对蜂花粉存贮知识了解不够,在花粉存贮过程中出现诸多误区,导致蜂花粉营养成分的破坏和流失,影响了蜂花粉的质量和食用效果。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.