猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒M蛋白单克隆抗体制备及抗原表位鉴定

为制备猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)M蛋白单克隆抗体，将PRRSV类NADC30毒株FJ1402的M蛋白胞外区基因与TAT穿膜肽基因融合，密码子按大肠杆菌偏嗜性优化，构建了大肠杆菌表达质粒，制备获得重组M蛋白。取6周龄雌性BALB/c小鼠免疫重组蛋白，将脾脏淋巴细胞和SP2/0细胞融合，用间接ELISA方法筛选阳性杂交瘤细胞株，获得4株分泌M蛋白抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。其中1E7、2F7、3A12的细胞上清液抗体效价为1∶3 200,3G7的细胞上清液抗体效价为1∶800,传至第15代均能稳定分泌抗体。单抗经亚型鉴定可知1E7、2F7、3A12的重链类型为Ig2a, 3G7的重链类型为IgG1,轻链类型都为κ型。经间接免疫荧光试验(IFA)和Western blot鉴定，4株单克隆抗体均可与PRRSV产生特异性反应，鉴定出2个抗原表位，为PRRSV诊断和疫苗研制奠定了基础。     

抗伪狂犬病病毒gG蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

以大肠杆菌表达的猪伪狂犬病病毒 (PRV) g G蛋白作为抗原 ,免疫 BAL B/c小鼠 ,经细胞融合、克隆后 ,获得了1F6、2 B92株稳定分泌抗伪狂犬病病毒 g G蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞。 1F6、2 B9培养上清及小鼠腹水效价(EL ISA)分别为 1∶ 2 1 1 、1∶ 2 1 1 及 1∶ 10 0× 2 1 1 、1∶ 10 0× 2 1 2 。 1F6、2 B9的染色体众数分别为 87(80～ 94 )、84 (81～ 87)。经间接 EL ISA鉴定 ,1F6、2 B9单抗分别属于 Ig G2 a、Ig G3亚类。1F6、2 B9与猪伪狂犬病病毒 Ea株感染细胞的间接免疫荧光试验结果表明 ,1F6、2 B9确实为伪狂犬病病毒 g G蛋白的单抗。所得单抗与牛传染性鼻气管炎病毒 (IBRV)、猪细小病毒 (PPV)、猪繁殖与呼吸道综合征病毒 (PRRSV)之间无交叉反应     

单克隆抗体捕捉猪瘟病毒抗原ELISA方法的建立

分别用原核表达的猪瘟病毒（CSFV）主要抗原E2蛋白和猪瘟基因疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠,通过细胞融合与克隆筛选出5株稳定分泌CSFV抗体的杂交瘤细胞株1E2、1G7、3A2、3B7和4B6.间接免疫荧光和Western-blotting试验结果表明,5株单抗均与CSFV E2蛋白和全病毒抗原反应.将筛选的CSFV特异性单抗1E2、3B7和4B6纯化后等量混合后包被酶标板（捕捉抗体）,与兔抗CSFV IgG（检测抗体）联合应用,建立起CSFV抗原捕捉ELISA（AC-ELISA）方法.随后采用方阵滴定法确定了单抗与多抗的最适工作浓度及判定检测结果的OD450临界值.最后以建立的AC-ELISA检测CSFV细胞培养物、CSFV攻毒死亡猪的病料和临床猪瘟组织样品,结果表明,该方法敏感、特异、重复性好,与病毒分离和RT-PCR方法符合率分别为86.2%和90.3%.     

肠出血性大肠杆菌O157∶H7主要保护性抗原单克隆抗体的研制及特性分析

以基因重组技术构建工程菌株表达肠出血性大肠杆菌(EHEC)O157∶H7主要保护性抗原紧密素和志贺毒素的融合蛋白.融合蛋白采用凝胶分离电洗脱法回收纯化,用纯化的蛋白抗原免疫BALB/c小鼠,细胞融合后获得的3株杂交瘤细胞株1G2、3C6、1B10,能分别稳定分泌针对紧密素、志贺毒素Stx1和Stx2的单克隆抗体.3株单抗分别制备腹水并纯化,ELISA检测效价分别为1∶6.4×105、1∶1.2×106、1∶3 200.Western-blot检测表明,3株单抗与融合蛋白发生特异性反应.应用3株单抗均可特异性检出EHEC O157∶H7,而3株单抗与其他不产生紧密素和志贺毒素的大肠杆菌不反应.     

禽流感病毒单克隆抗体的制备及其抗蛋白抗原的分析

以纯化的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒为抗原,免疫BALB/c小鼠,细胞融合后,经间接ELISA和血凝抑制试验(HI)筛选,获得了8株能稳定分泌抗禽流感病毒单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。特异性试验证明,8株杂交瘤细胞株诱生小鼠腹水的特异ELISA抗体效价可达1∶3.2×103~1∶5.1×106,其中2株HI效价达212。8株单抗与H5亚型血凝素分型抗原不发生血凝,与减蛋综合征(EDS-76)病毒、传染性支气管炎病毒(IBV)、新城疫病毒(NDV)均不反应。亚类鉴定证实,除1C7单抗为IgG2b外,其他7株均为IgG1亚类。Westernblotting试验分析初步表明,8株单抗至少针对纯化病毒粒子3种不同的蛋白抗原,其中3株针对核蛋白(NP),2株针对基质蛋白M1,2株针对血凝素HA/HA1。对感染细胞的Western blotting分析结果与纯化病毒结果基本一致,其中1株未明显沉淀纯化病毒粒子蛋白的单抗可以与感染细胞的M2蛋白多肽反应。     

猪源脑心肌炎病毒单克隆抗体研制与免疫学特性测定

利用纯化灭活的猪源脑心肌炎病毒(EMCV)免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤细胞技术,研制获得4株能稳定分泌抗EMCV抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为1D1、2A2、2B6和4E2。经ELISA测定,细胞培养上清中抗体效价分别为1∶1 600,1∶6 400,1∶6 400和1∶3 200,小鼠腹水抗体效价分别为1∶1.63×106,1∶3.28×106,1∶1.13×106和1∶5.63×105。1D1和2A2单抗亚类为IgG1,2B6和4E2单抗亚类为IgG2b,轻链均为κ型。Western blot结果表明,1D1、2A2和4E2能特异性识别病毒的VP1蛋白,2B6能特异性识别病毒的VP2蛋白。间接免疫荧光试验证明,4株单抗具有良好的特异性,均能识别EMCV。本研究获得的4株特异性单抗,将为EMCV诊断方法的建立和病毒蛋白功能的研究奠定基础。     

猪瘟病毒单克隆抗体制备及病毒荧光检测研究

应用纯化的猪瘟病毒疫苗免疫Balb/c小鼠,以重组的E2和E0蛋白为检测抗原,筛选制备了17株抗猪瘟病毒的杂交瘤细胞株。用猪瘟病毒石门毒接种PK-15细胞,以制备的17株单克隆抗体进行间接免疫荧光实验,结果显示有7株单抗呈现良好特异性荧光染色。     

猪瘟病毒E2蛋白A/D区单抗的制备及其抗原表位的初步研究

应用分子克隆技术将猪瘟病毒E2蛋白部分基因插入到载体pGEX-4T-1中构建重组质粒pGEX-4T-E（A）,在大肠杆菌Rosetta中表达融合蛋白GST-E（A）,以纯化的融合蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与骨髓瘤细胞SP2/0进行融合,经克隆化和间接ELISA筛选,获得了C3、A1两株稳定分泌抗猪瘟病毒E2蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,ELISA结果显示,其腹水效价为1∶128000和1∶256000。Western blotting结果证实,单克隆抗体C3和A1能与猪瘟病毒（classical swine fever virus,CSFV）发生特异性的反应,表明该单抗是针对猪瘟病毒E2蛋白的保守线性表位。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒N蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及生物学特性分析

分别用纯化的猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒(PRRSV)和纯化的重组N蛋白免疫BALB/c小鼠,采用杂交瘤技术制备抗PRRSV N蛋白的单克隆抗体(McAb)。用纯化的PRRSV免疫小鼠,经细胞融合获得2株可分泌特异性单抗的杂交瘤细胞株,分别命名为4B8、4D8。用重组N蛋白免疫的小鼠,经细胞融合获得3株可分泌特异性McAb的抗PRRSV N蛋白的杂交瘤细胞2F3、4D5、5D11。间接ELISA检测4D8、4B8、4D5和5D11杂交瘤上清效价为1∶32~1∶512,而2F3的腹水效价为1∶12 800。单抗2F3、4B8和4D8与纯化病毒的Western blotting反应都为阳性,而4D5和5D11为阴性。IFA检测结果5株单抗都有明显的荧光,与PRRSV呈阳性反应。2F3的Ig亚型为IgM。5株单抗杂交瘤细胞连续传代至20代,分泌相应McAb的效价基本一致。本研究为PRRSV生物学诊断和方法研究提供有用工具。     

猪圆环病毒2型ORF2重组蛋白单克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

利用已构建的基因工程重组菌BL21(DE3)表达猪圆环病毒2型(PCV2)ORF2编码的结构蛋白,经切胶纯化后作为免疫原。采取抗原量依次递增的免疫方式免疫8周龄BALB/c小鼠,取其脾细胞与Sp2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合。间接酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)筛选,有限稀释法进行亚克隆3次,最终获得4株稳定分泌抗PCV2 ORF2重组蛋白单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞,分别命名为D2A1、H4G2、B10H10和G1G2。经ELISA检测,其腹水效价分别达到1∶2.048×107、1∶2.56×106、1∶1.28×106、1∶2.56×106。亚型鉴定4株单克隆抗体均属IgG2a亚型,其轻链均为κ链。Western blot鉴定表明获得的4株单克隆抗体均能特异性的识别43 kD的重组PCV2 ORF2蛋白。在间接免疫荧光试验中,单抗D2A1株的反应为阴性,H4G2、B10H10和G1G2反应为阳性,表明后3株单抗能够识别天然的PCV2 ORF2蛋白表位。本试验为进一步研究PCV2ORF2基因的功能及建立快速准确的诊断PCV2的方法奠定了基础。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.     

The Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dairy Cattle in Central Kenya

The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.