水产饲料环保特性评价体系的初步构建

利用筛绢吊篓、烧杯、水浴锅等，于实验室内模拟水产养殖生产条件，分别测定了20℃-30℃水温下豆粕、鱼粉入水后的干物质溶失率、粗蛋白溶失量以及水质化学耗氧量、氨氮含量，对这两种蛋白饲料原料的环保特性进行了比较和评估，进而以设备条件、测定方法、测定指标等为主要内容，初步构建了水产饲料环保特性的评价体系。     

膨化颗粒饲料维生素K_3乳状液的真空喷涂技术研究

采用正交试验方法对维生素K3乳状液真空喷涂后的喷涂均匀度、水中溶失率进行了测定。结果表明:获得最佳喷涂均匀度的条件为:液体体积90ml、液体温度45℃、真空度0.060MPa、混合时间6min,所得颗粒间维生素K3变异系数为4.31%;获得维生素K3在水中最小溶失率的工艺参数为:液体体积110ml、液体温度55℃、真空度0.055MPa、释压时间150s,所得维生素K3水中溶失率为9.54%。获得维生素K3乳状液真空喷涂最佳工艺参数为液体体积110ml、液体温度55℃、真空度0.055MPa、混合时间6min、释压时间150s,此条件下的维生素K3喷涂均匀度和溶失率分别为4.43%、9.54%。     

固化茧丝的丝胶稳定性检测和染色性试验

固化茧丝的丝胶稳定性及染色性直接关系丝胶固着丝绸产品的市场开发前景。通过测定丝胶溶失率、耐洗涤性能和上染率及红外光谱,研究了固化茧丝的丝胶稳定性及适用的染料和部分染色工艺条件。检测结果表明固化茧丝的丝胶溶失率比普通茧丝低,丝胶性能稳定,90℃条件下固化茧丝的丝胶溶失率只有1.6%;红外光谱显示固化茧丝的分子结构发生了一定改变;活性染料和酸性染料对固化茧丝的上染试验显示酸性染料的上染率高于活性染料,但其染色均匀性不及活性染料,活性染料和酸性染料对固化茧丝的最高上染率分别为67.9%、68.5%;适宜固化茧丝纤维上染的温度为70℃,用酸性染料上染固化茧丝不宜采用强酸性浴。     

以柠檬酸作交联剂改善丝胶/聚乙烯醇热固化膜的性能

交联、接枝和共混等是改善纯丝胶膜耐溶失与力学性能的重要技术方法。以柠檬酸作为交联剂制备的丝胶/聚乙烯醇/柠檬酸共混固化膜的表面结构形态得到改善,耐溶失性能以及力学性能显著提高。成膜条件对丝胶/聚乙烯醇/柠檬酸共混固化膜结构及其性能产生影响,适当升高干燥温度有助于提高柠檬酸与丝胶和聚乙烯醇的交联程度,在干燥温度为120℃、柠檬酸质量分数为0.6%的条件下,制备的共混固化膜表现出最佳的力学性能和耐溶失性能。用柠檬酸作交联剂的丝胶/聚乙烯醇/柠檬酸共混固化膜材料培养L929细胞,测试其对细胞毒性的分级为一级(细胞为圆形,偶见裂解细胞),具有良好的生物医用价值。     

茧层丝胶溶失率与初期溶解速度的研究

在本试验条件下，茧层初期溶解速度和溶失率对温度的变化趋势基本一致，88℃为最高。短时间内煮茧(2—11min)初期溶解速度随时间的增加而降低，初期溶失率稳中有升。作认为造成这种变化的原因是在短时间内煮茧，茧的表层与内层小分子量丝胶和其他物质的溶出与大分子丝胶膨润后溶出不同的结果。     

烘茧工艺条件对茧丝性能影响的探讨

本文采用不同烘茧工艺条件,相同的煮茧、缫丝、检测方法,对不同品种、不同期别的蚕茧进行了解舒、解舒张 力、茧层丝胶溶失率检测;对生丝进行清洁、净度、强伸力测定。初步探明了不同品种、不同期别的蚕茧应有不同的烘茧工艺 条件,以及不同烘茧工艺条件与茧的解舒、解舒张力、丝胶溶失率之间的关系。这对鲜茧干燥理论的研究;不同品种、不同期 别烘茧工艺条件的确定;生丝制造、生丝品质和产量的提高,均有一定的参考价值。     

自制3种微胶囊蛋氨酸溶失率的比较研究

将添加不同微胶囊蛋氨酸的饲料投入海水中后,分别于10、20、30、60及90min测定饲料蛋氨酸的溶失率和海水pH值的变化,以晶体蛋氨酸为对照组。试验配制5组饲料,蛋氨酸的添加形式分别为:晶体蛋氨酸(MET)、羟基蛋氨酸(MHA)、邻苯二甲酸醋酸纤维素微胶囊蛋氨酸(CAP)、树脂微胶囊蛋氨酸(RES)和棕榈酸甘油酯微胶囊蛋氨酸(TPA)。结果表明,饲料中蛋氨酸的溶失率随着浸泡时间的延长呈上升趋势,RES的溶失率显著低于MET的溶失率,海水pH值随着浸泡时间的增加呈下降趋势,CAP和RES组下降缓慢,蛋氨酸溶失率对海水pH值的影响呈负相关。上述研究表明,以树脂为包被壁材,可降低蛋氨酸的溶失率。     

不同工艺制备的水产开口饵料溶失规律试验研究

为了比较不同工艺制备的水产开口饵料中不同成分的溶失规律,试验对挤出滚圆法、挤出滚圆-流化床包衣法及膨化破碎法制备的饵料进行了质量损失率、粗蛋白溶失率、游离氨基酸(FAA)溶失率的比较研究,结果表明:膨化破碎工艺制备的开口饵料质量损失率、粗蛋白的溶失率和游离氨基酸的溶失率均高于挤出滚圆工艺;包衣没有明显改善饵料的溶失情况;游离氨基酸的溶失速度非常快,入水初期几乎全部溶失(5 min内溶失率就达到53.54%～91.71%)。     

干冰杀蛹及冻茧煮茧工艺的初步研究

为了对传统的烘茧煮茧缫丝工艺进行改进,提高制丝生产效益及蚕蛹的利用价值,对干冰杀蛹及NaOH低温短时间煮茧工艺进行研究。结果表明:用1g干冰处理1.5g蚕茧30min,鲜茧的杀蛹率可达70%以上;煮茧的工艺条件为质量浓度0.1%的NaOH在温度45℃条件下对干冰冻茧浸渍处理10￣15min,茧层丝胶溶失率为3￣5%,达到制丝生产对丝胶溶失率的要求。     

膨化颗粒饲料液体植酸酶水溶液真空喷涂工艺参数研究

采用正交试验设计,此文研究了膨化饲料在真空喷涂试验条件下,喷涂液体植酸酶水溶液后的喷涂均匀度、植酸酶水中溶失率。结果表明：①喷涂均匀度最优的工艺参数是：混合时间5min、液体添加量120mL、真空度0．040MPa、释压时间30s;②植酸酶在水中最小溶失率的工艺参数是：混合时间5min、液体添加量130mL、真空度0．036MPa、释压时间90s。最后通过比较在两个最优参数组合条件下的喷涂均匀度和水中溶失率,确定膨化饲料真空后喷涂中添加液体植酸酶水溶液的最优工艺参数是：混合时间5min、液体添加量130mL、真空度0．036MPa、释压时间90s。此条件下的喷涂均匀度变异系数是6．74％、水中溶失率是17．67％。     

The influence of the width of the saddle tree on the forces and the pressure distribution under the saddle

As there is no statistical evidence that saddle fit influences the load exerted on a horse's back, this study was performed to assess the hypothesis that the width of the tree significantly alters the pressure distribution on the back beneath the saddle. Nineteen sound horses were ridden at walk and trot on a treadmill with three saddles differing only in tree width. Kinetic data were recorded by a sensor mat. A minimum of 14 motion cycles were used in each trial. The saddles were classified into four groups depending on fit. For each horse, the saddle with the lowest overall force (LOF) was determined. Saddles were classified as "too-narrow" if they were one size (2 cm) narrower than the LOF saddle, and "too-wide" if they were one size (2 cm) wider than the LOF saddle. Saddles two sizes wider than LOF saddles were classified as "very-wide". In the group of narrow saddles, the pressure in the caudal third (walk 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.10; trot 1.08 N/cm(2)+/-0.26) was significantly higher compared to the LOF saddles (walk 0.50 N/cm(2)+/-0.09; trot 0.86 N/cm(2)+/-0.28). In the middle transversal third, the pressure of the wide saddles (walk 0.73 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.52 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) and very-wide saddles (walk 0.77 N/cm(2)+/-0.06; trot 1.57 N/cm(2)+/-0.19) was significantly higher compared to LOF saddles (walk 0.65 N/cm(2)+/-0.10/ 0.63 N/cm(2)+/-0.11; trot 1.33 N/cm(2)+/-0.22/1.27 N/cm(2)+/-0.20). This study demonstrates that the load under poorly fitting saddles is distributed over a smaller area than under properly fitting saddles, leading to potentially harmful pressures peaks.     

Monitoring of the mare during the perinatal period at the clinic and in the stable

Complications in late gestation are challenging problems for the equine clinician and are causes of considerable distress to owners. Health problems in a pregnant mare in each stage of gestation can adversely affect the pregnancy. It is important to obtain a thorough history and perform a detailed and systematic examination of the pregnant mare so that the mare may be classified as normal or high-risk. However, even after a thorough examination, practitioners may face problems with the interpretation and assessment of risk. Normal mares should foal in the stable or pasture. Mares classified as having a high-risk pregnancy need to be monitored precisely for signs of oncoming foaling with attendance of trained personnel when labour begins. A valuable method for monitoring of the high-risk mare is assessing fetoplacental well-being. Fetoplacental well-being is most accurately assessed with ultrasonography as well as several available hormone profiles. We are proposing our scoring system of the mare's health, which may be useful in the assessment of risk during pregnancy and help clinicians to decide whether sending the mare to the clinic is reasonable or unnecessary.     

中国饲料工业协会第五届理事会顾问、会长、常务副会长、副会长、秘书长、副秘书长、常务理事、理事名单

顾问刘中一张德邻宋瑞祥聂振邦张子仪戎易王维四会长白美清国务院原副秘书长、第四届理事会会长常务副会长(8人,以姓氏笔划为序)刘永好新希望集团董事长、第四届理事会副会长刘汉元通威股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陈丹广东恒兴集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长张延喜农业部原副部长、第四届理事会副会长吴明夏湖南正虹科技发展股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长陶一山唐人神集团股份有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长温鹏程广东温氏食品集团有限公司董事长、第四届理事会副会长谭竹洲原化学工业部副部长、第…     

Harnessing the genetic toolbox for the benefit of the racing Thoroughbred

The understanding and application of genetics have grown extremely quickly since it has become possible to sequence the whole genome of an organism. The human genome sequence was completed in 2001 and that of the horse in 2007. The significance of this is that it makes it more feasible to explain how both genetically simple and complex traits are transmitted from one generation to the next and, therefore, to make informed breeding decisions, modify how horses are managed and trained to minimise the risk of disease and injury, and improve methods of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of many conditions. The science of genetics/genomics will continue to grow internationally, limited only by the funds available. The application of the science to man, horses and other species raises very complex moral and commercial issues. Thoroughbred breeders are perceived by some as resistant to change, but their apparent intransigence is often based on a genuine concern for the integrity of the breed. By taking control of the application of the advances in genetics, the Thoroughbred industry potentially has the opportunity to improve both the health and performance of Thoroughbreds. If, however, the science is applied in an uncoordinated manner, driven by commercial interests with no underlying concern for the horses themselves, there is a very real risk that breeders, the Thoroughbred breed and individual horses will all suffer as a consequence.     

商品猪胴体性能对分割销售后效益的影响

试验以深圳某集团销售外三元商品猪为研究对象,分析了商品猪不同胴体性能对分割销售效益的影响。结果表明,销售完成率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售完成率差异极显著(P<0.01);销售完成率与胴体重呈正相关,不同胴体重的销售完成率差异显著(P<0.05);销售毛利率与胴体背膘厚呈正相关,不同背膘厚的销售毛利率差异极显著(P<0.01);不同胴体重的销售毛利率差异不显著(P>0.05)。综合来看,胴体性能对分割后猪肉销售效益具有较大影响。同时,胴体重在84~98 kg范围内,背膘厚在23~29 mm范围内时,平均销售毛利率和销售完成率最优,这可以为商品猪育种提供客观的参考依据。     

鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的定位研究

为了找出支配鸡胆囊交感节后神经元的分布规律,选用体重1.5 kg～2.5 kg的成年母鸡6只,将CT-HRP溶液注入胆囊壁,动物存活3 d～4 d后,经左心室灌流固定,取内脏神经节、肾上腺神经节以及双侧胸、腰和荐段交感干神经节,制成50 μm的连续冰冻切片,TMB法呈色反应,置明视野显微镜下观片统计.结果发现,支配鸡胆囊的交感传出神经元胞体位于内脏神经节(占41.1%)、肾上腺神经节(占40.5%)和T2～T7交感干神经节(占18.4%),在交感干神经节中标记细胞的峰值位于T5、T6交感干神经节.所有的标记细胞以位于右侧的占优势.     

犊牛腹泻与肠道菌群的变化

本文检测腹泻犊牛的直肠内8种主要正常菌群的变化,并与健康犊牛进行对比。结果发现,犊牛腹泻时,大肠杆菌、双岐杆菌和乳杆菌变化较大,而其它菌群变化较小。腹泻或将腹泻时,大肠杆菌数增加,双岐杆菌和乳杆菌数下降。腹泻康复或即将康复时,大肠杆菌减少,双岐杆菌、乳杆菌数增加。     

陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场绒山羊日粮的评价

试验选择陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的成年健康母羊（怀孕前期）16只,育成母羊13只,育成公羊13只,空腹称重。测定每只羊1d的采食量,计算其摄入的营养成分含量,并与原苏联绒用山羊饲养标准比较,进行饲养水平评价。结果显示,与饲养标准比较,陕北白绒山羊繁育中心羊场的育成母羊代谢能高2．68MJ,粗蛋白低59．29g,钙低3．00g,磷低1．52g;育成公羊代谢能高3．47MJ,粗蛋白低81．92g,钙低4．42g,磷低2．62g;成年母羊代谢能高2．51MJ,粗蛋白低91．33g,钙低3．09g,磷低1．93g。结合羊的体况综合评价饲养水平基本合理,但尚需要按饲养标准增加粗蛋白、钙、磷等营养物质的供给量。     

Evidence for the non-involvement of the uterus in the lifespan of the corpus luteum in the cyclic dog

Progesterone levels in peripheral blood of dogs were analysed during the cycle in which hysterectomy (n = 5) or sham surgery (n = 3) was performed as well as during the cycle of dogs (n = 5) hysterectomized at least one year prior to this study; the data were compared with the findings in control dogs (n = 3). The averages of the duration of the luteal period observed in the three experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. Immediately after surgery, the progesterone level decreased from 25 to 50% of the presurgical level, but returned to presurgical level in about four days. Prolactin levels were elevated for about 30 h after surgery. Nevertheless, the averages of the mean prolactin levels for each animal during the luteal period of the experimental groups were not significantly different from those of control dogs. It is concluded that in the dog, the uterus is not involved in the lifespan of the cyclic corpus luteum.