液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中四环素类药物残留量的不确定度评定

评定液相色谱-串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）测定猪肉中四环素类药物残留量的不确定度。依据GB/T 21317-2007《动物源性食品中四环素类兽药残留量检测方法 液相色谱-质谱/质谱法与高效液相色谱法》,建立相关数学模型,对实验过程中的不确定度来源进行分析与评定。当采用LC-MS/MS法测定猪肉中土霉素、四环素、金霉素、强力霉素的残留量分别为50.05、42.81、42.45、41.60μg/kg时,扩展不确定度分别为 5.44、6.72、2.86、4.80μg/kg (k=2)。检测结果的不确定度主要受回收率、标准溶液配制、工作曲线拟合的影响。     

鸡蛋中多西环素残留测定不确定度评定

评定了高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中多西环素残留量的不确定度，通过建立数学模型，对高效液相色谱^-串联质谱法测定鸡蛋中多西环素残留量进行不确定度评定，分析不确定度来源，评价其对测定结果不确定度的相对贡献，并计算合成不确定度，最终得到鸡蛋中多西环素残留量的扩展不确定度。结果显示，鸡蛋中多西环素残留量为9.18μg/kg,在95%的置信区间下，合成不确定度0.0603,扩展不确定度为0.1206(k=2),最终结果应表示为9.18±1.11μg/kg,实验过程中不确定度主要来源于工作曲线的配制过程，测量重复性和回收率。本研究可为以后的检测工作提供可行性建议。     

液质联用法测定猪肝中β-受体激动剂残留的不确定度评定

采用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)测定猪肝中9种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、标准曲线、样品称量、称量重复性、定容体积等因素进行分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出9种β-受体激动剂的合成相对标准不确定度为5.60%~8.90%,影响较大的因素为标准曲线和测量重复性。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物源食品中氯霉素残留量不确定度分析

1993年,ISO联系BIPM、IEC、IFCC、IUPAC、IUPAP和OIML出版了《测量不确定度表述指南》,正式确定了适用于广泛测量领域的评估和表达测量不确定度的通用原则,将不确定度评估引入实验室的质量保证措施中。不确定度是表征合理地赋予被测量之值的分散性,与测量结果相联系的参数。建立和实施各类检测的不确定度评定方法,既是提高检测质量的需要,也是实现检测数据国际互认所不可缺少的内容。本文根据《化学分析测量不确定度评定》对农业部781号公告-2—2006动物源食品中氯霉索残留量的测定高效液相色谱-串联质谱法的不确定度进行分析,探讨该方法的不确定度评定方法。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量的不确定度评估

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定动物尿液中11种β-受体激动剂残留量,对标准溶液、体积、质谱峰面积、浓缩过程及回收率等测定不确定度因素进行了分析,通过评定各不确定度分量及标准不确定度,得出11种β-受体激动剂的扩展不确定度在0.7 ～ 1.1 ng/mL范围内.由各因素对合成不确定度的贡献比分析可知,影响较大的因素为试验回收率及标准溶液浓度.     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中可的松和氢化可的松残留量的不确定度评价

评定超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定猪肉中可的松和氢化可的松残留量的不确定度。以本单位自建方法XCZY-051《动物源食品中克仑特罗等51种兴奋剂的检测方法液相色谱-串联质谱法》为基础,结合CNAS-GL006《化学分析中的不确定度评估指南》,建立数学模型,以猪肉中检出率最高的内源性兴奋剂可的松和氢化可的松为例分析不确定度来源并计算各不确定度得到的合成标准不确定度。当样品中可的松含量为3.386 μg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.4374 μg/kg(k=2);当氢化可的松含量为7.866 μg/kg时,其扩展不确定度为0.9690 μg/kg(k=2)。本方法的不确定度来源主要来自样品回收率、重复性、标准溶液配制和曲线拟合。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉中癸氧喹酯残留量的测量不确定度评定

分析了影响应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉中癸氧喹酯残留量的测量不确定因素,并对各不确定度分量进行了量化计算,最终求得扩展不确定度为0.51礸/kg,分析表明重复测量、制备标准溶液及内标溶液引入的不确定度分量是影响癸氧喹酯残留量测量不确定度的主要因素。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉中癸氧喹酯的测量不确定度评定

分析了影响应用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鸡肉中癸氧喹酯残留量的测量不确定因素,并对各不确定度分量进行了量化计算,最终求得扩展不确定度为0.56μg/kg,分析表明重复测量、制备标准溶液及内标溶液引入的不确定度分量是影响癸氧喹酯残留量测量不确定度的主要因素。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼饵中地西泮的不确定度评定

试验为评定液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鱼饵中地西泮含量的不确定度。试验通过建立数学模型分析不同来源的不确定度,评定各不确定度分量。结果显示,测量结果的相对标准不确定度为4.55%,相对扩展的不确定度为9.10%,样品中地西泮含量为（23.821±2.168）μg/kg (K=2)。研究表明,鱼饵中地西泮含量的测量不确定度主要源于试样重复测量、标准溶液配制和试样称量。     

动物组织中莱克多巴胺残留的不确定度评定

为保证实验室测试结果的准确性和可靠性,依照国家计量技术规范JJF1059—199《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对气相色谱-质谱法测定动物组织中莱克多巴胺残留量进行了不确定度的评定。分析和量化了影响测定结果的各不确定度分量,得出了被测量的合成标准不确定度和扩展不确定度。当动物组织中莱克多巴胺残留量为17．72μg／kg时,其合成标准不确定度为0．47μg／kg,扩展不确定度为0．94μg／kg（k=2）。     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。