双重PCR方法检测鹦鹉疱疹病毒和腺病毒感染

鹦鹉疱疹病毒和腺病毒是鹦鹉常见的病原体,这些疾病由于临床症状相似,所以在临床上难以区分且诊断困难。本研究建立了鹦鹉疱疹病毒和腺病毒的PCR诊断方法,对发病鹦鹉进行了诊断。随后,建立了一种双重PCR诊断方法,用于快速诊断鹦鹉疱疹病毒和腺病毒感染。     

禽流感病毒诊断技术的研究进展

禽流感严重影响着全世界养禽业的发展,也造成了巨大的经济损失,因此,快速而准确地诊断技术对禽流感的防控极为重要。近年来,在禽流感病毒传统诊断技术基础上,又出现了一些新兴的诊断技术,本文主要针对禽流感病毒的鉴别诊断、传统诊断技术及分子生物学诊断技术等情况进行了综述,为禽流感的有效防控提供必要的技术参考。     

口蹄疫诊断研究进展

口蹄疫是一种严重影响畜牧业生产,造成巨大经济损失的急性传染病,各国都采取了多种措施控制该病的发生.而防制口蹄疫的重要环节是要作出及时准确的诊断.随着对口蹄疫研究的不断深入,各种技术的不断出现,口蹄疫诊断技术也得到了空前发展.笔者就口蹄疫诊断方法,从传统的诊断方法、ELISA诊断方法、分子生物学诊断方法以及区分免疫动物和自然感染动物的研究进行了综述.     

鸡新城疫的诊断

对鸡新城疫的主要临床表现、病理变化、临床诊断进行了阐述,并重点对实验室诊断进行了介绍,以期为鸡新城疫的诊断提供参考.     

鸡新城疫的诊断

对鸡新城疫的主要临床表现、病理变化、临床诊断进行了阐述,并重点对实验室诊断进行了介绍,以期为鸡新城疫的诊断提供参考。     

家蚕病害诊断专家系统的设计

根据家蚕病害的发生规律和致病因素分析的复杂性 ,采用了诊断树分析法 ,将家蚕病害诊断和防治技术等有关知识和经验转换成计算机可处理的规则 ,即基于规则的诊断树和知识库 ,建立了将诊断树转化为推理树进而进行树的搜索和匹配的推理机制。应用计算机软件开发技术和多媒体技术开发设计了智能化家蚕病害诊断专家系统 ,可实现人性化的知识表现和家蚕病害的简易诊断。     

蚕病的诊断与防治专家系统介绍

为普及蚕病知识,帮助提高蚕病诊断的正确率和蚕病防治水平,建立了19种蚕病诊断与防治专家系统(http://211.90.162.131:8099/)。该系统由知识系统、识别诊断与防治系统以及其它系统3部分组成;知识系统为用户提供了蚕病学方面的专业知识;识别诊断与防治系统为本专家系统的核心内容,为用户提供了包括计算机诊断在内的3种诊断方法,诊断完成后,系统可自动提出防治措施;其它系统包括在线咨询、蚕药使用、培训课件和蚕病防治录像4个方面内容,为用户提供了多种获取蚕病诊断和防治技术的途径。     

猪繁殖与呼吸综合征

综述了猪繁殖与呼吸综合征,包括病原PRRSV病毒的病原特点、流行病学、临床症状及诊断方法和防治措施等六方面。介绍了该病的临床诊断、病理学诊断和血清诊断方法及病毒分离技术,同时提出了该病的防治措施。     

犬早期妊娠诊断方法研究进展

近年来,许多学者对犬妊娠过程和早期诊断方法进行了较多、较深入的研究,包括超声波诊断、触摸诊断、激素法诊断、急性期蛋白诊断等方法。本文就近些年来犬早期妊娠诊断原理、方法、效果的研究进展作一综述,旨在为进一步研究犬的妊娠诊断提供相应的理论依据。     

奶牛卵巢囊肿的发病调查与临床诊断

卵巢囊肿是导致奶牛繁殖性能下降的一个重要因素,其临床诊断方法有很多,B超、多普勒超声等技术为卵巢囊肿的准确诊断提供了可靠保证。本文针对奶牛卵巢囊肿的发病情况调查、临床主要诊断方法、激素鉴别诊断、多普勒超声诊断等方面进行了阐述,并对今后的研究方向进行了展望。     

中草药防治母牛不孕症及其作用机理

养牛业作为农业产业之一,肉、奶等产品在市场上的需求不断提升,但在养殖过程母牛患上生殖系统疾病,该病可引发发情期紊乱等疾病,如不有效治疗会严重影响母牛正常繁殖,养殖场效益受到影响。母牛生殖系统疾病治疗需根据临床诊断采取合理的方案进行,中草药治疗该病在临床上效果明显,本文通过采用中药对母牛生殖系统疾病进行,并阐述相关的作用机理,以供同行参考。     

应用B超技术提高规模奶牛场繁殖性能的研究

本研究针对上海光明荷斯坦牧业有限公司三个千头规模牧场进行B超技术实际生产应用,对三个牧场不同年度有无使用B超技术的牧场分别进行配种后30d早孕诊断,提前检出空怀牛及时处理并再次参加配种使之怀孕,减少空怀饲养成本。通过B超技术应用并收集配种率、受胎率和繁殖率等数据资料进行检验分析和对比,在生产实践中取得了良好的效果。B超应用于三个牧场可促进成母牛实际配种率的提高,一、二、三场分别提高了21个百分点（P〈0.01）、21个百分点（P〈0.01）、19个百分点（P〈0.05）;促进成母牛月平均情期受胎率的提高,一、二、三场分别提高了3个百分点（P〉0.05）、6个百分点（P〈0.05）、3个百分点（P〉0.05）;促进成母牛年总繁殖率的提高,一、二、三场分别提高了5.1个百分点、7.6个百分点、7.1个百分点。B超应用于青年牛的早孕诊断与繁殖管理,效果不明显（P〉0.05）。在分析研究中,在南方夏季高温减少配种的条件下,应用B超使6～11月平均配种率提高了3.1个百分点,并由配种后30d使用B超早孕诊断与60d复检对比差异可知,60d直检空胎率相比较降低了25.65个百分点,30～60d之间的胚胎损失率为4.92%,这也反映该公司牧场牛群质量和饲养管理等整体状况良好。     

皖北地区肉牛繁殖疾病调查与分析

[目的]旨在研究皖北地区肉牛能繁母牛繁殖疾病的发生情况。[方法]通过走访,并结合调查问卷,对皖北地区的22个母牛繁育场的3088头母牛的繁殖疾病发病情况及病因进行调查。[结果]结果显示：皖北地区母牛繁殖疾病以胎衣不下的发病率最高(5.99 %)、其次是子宫内膜炎(5.44 %)、难产(3.92 %)、流产(2.75 %)、子宫积脓(1.45 %)、阴道脱出(1.33 %)、卵巢囊肿分别(1.39 %)、持久黄体(1.52 %)。[结论]繁育场的饲养管理技术影响母牛繁殖疾病的发病率,针对这些因素提出了对应的改进意见,以期为安徽省的能繁母牛的扩拦增量工作提供决策参考。     

疾病对奶牛繁殖性能的影响及其研究进展Ⅰ:现状与机制

过去二十多年，随着奶牛群体遗传改良计划的持续推进和养殖技术的不断进步，中国奶牛集约化养殖水平和产奶量正在不断提高。但是，历年来的繁育数据显示，越是高产的牛群，繁殖性能下降的趋势越明显，繁殖问题越突出，高产引发的繁殖力下降已经成为制约中国乃至全球奶业发展的瓶颈。低繁殖力会严重影响奶牛生产群的更新速度以及优质牛群泌乳性能的正常发挥。奶牛养殖生产中，造成高产奶牛繁殖性能降低的因素众多，包括遗传因素、环境因素和疾病因素等。近年来，疾病因素对奶牛繁殖性能的影响越来越突出。根据疾病的发生部位，可将影响高产奶牛的疾病分为生殖器官疾病和非生殖器官疾病。作者详细介绍了近年来国内外不同疾病对奶牛繁殖性能影响的相关研究资料，重点分析了疾病通过神经系统、生殖内分泌系统和体液免疫系统等多个途径影响奶牛繁殖性能的分子机制，并对疾病与高产奶牛繁殖性能今后研究的方向提出了展望和思考，以期为提高中国高产奶牛群繁殖效率和经济效益提供一定的借鉴和理论依据。     

B型超声波影像技术在鹿科动物上的应用进展

B型超声波诊断技术以其安全、准确和无损伤性在鹿繁殖领域得到了广泛的应用。作者综述了B型超声波影像技术在鹿科动物中的早期妊娠诊断,胚胎发育监测,子宫、卵巢卵泡和黄体形态动态变化及体脂肪和体重检测方面的应用情况,并提出了存在的问题及今后的发展前景。     

奶牛子宫扭转的诊治

奶牛子宫扭转诊治的关键是早期诊断,选择最佳的治疗方法和及时救助,最大限度地确保母子的生命安全和母畜的繁殖力。     

Effects of Diseases on Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cattle Ⅰ: Current Situation and Its Mechanism

Over the past 20 years,with the continuous promotion of the genetic improvement plan of dairy cow population and the continuous improvement of feeding technology,the intensive level and milk yield of dairy cow population in China are continuously improving.However,the reproduction data over the years showed that the more milk yield,the more obviously decline in reproductive performance,and the more prominent of the reproductive problems.The decline of fertility caused by high yield has become the bottleneck of the development of dairy industry in China and even in the world.In dairy farming,there are many factors that cause the reduction of reproductive performance of high-yield dairy cows,including genetic factors,environmental factors and disease factors.Recently,the influence of disease factors on reproductive performance of dairy cows has become more and more prominent.According to the location of the disease,the diseases can be divided into genital diseases and non-genital diseases.This paper discussed the relevant research data on the effects of different diseases on the reproductive performance of dairy cows in recent years,and focusing on the analysis of the molecular mechanism of diseases affecting the reproductive performance of dairy cows through the nervous system,reproductive endocrine system and humoral immune system.The prospect and thinking for the future research of diseases and reproductive performance of high-yield dairy cows were put forward to provide reference and theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency and economic benefits of high-yield dairy cows in China.     

Culling of dairy cows. Part II. Effects of diseases and reproductive performance on culling in Finnish Ayrshire cows

The effects of 15 diseases and reproductive performance on culling were studied in 39 727 Finnish Ayrshire cows that calved in 1993 and were followed until culling or next calving. Survival analysis, using the Cox proportional hazards model, was performed with diseases and pregnancy status as time-dependent covariates. Parity, calving season and herd were included as covariates in every model. The effect of the number of inseminations was also studied.

The farmer's knowledge of the cow's pregnancy status had a significant effect on culling. It varied according to the stage of lactation a cow was in; the earlier the farmer knew a cow was pregnant, the smaller was the risk of culling. If a cow had not been inseminated at all, her risk of culling was 10 times higher than if she was inseminated once. If a cow was inseminated more than once, she had a slightly lower risk of being culled than a cow inseminated only once. The effect of parity decreased when pregnancy status and number of inseminations were added to the model, indicating that part of the parity effect was accounted for by reproductive performance. Including diseases in the model with pregnancy status and the number of inseminations did not change the effects of reproductive performance on culling.

Mastitis, teat injuries and lameness had the greatest effect on culling (whether adjusted for reproductive performance or not), increasing the risk of culling, followed by anestrus, ovarian cysts and milk fever. In general, the effects of diseases decreased when reproductive performance was also accounted for in the model. When pregnancy status was included in the model, the effects of anestrus and ovarian cysts became slightly more protective, but when the number of inseminations was also considered, they became non-significant at the beginning of lactation and they increased the risk of culling at the end of lactation.

Sensitivity analysis, which was run to evaluate the effects of our censoring mechanism on the results, indicated that the censoring times (i.e., the time of next calving) were not fully independent of the event (culling) times; the effects of the diseases and pregnancy status at the very end of the lactation changed slightly from the original model.     

陕西省靖边县奶牛生殖系统疾病的调查分析

生殖系统的健康是提升奶牛繁殖力的关键。为了掌握陕西省靖边县奶牛生殖系统疾病的情况,本文对该县城区2013—2020年奶牛进行统计,发病率分别为9.94%、9.58%、7.35%、9.08%、6.45%、6.28%、6.13%、5.60%,总发病率为7.64%,以慢性子宫内膜炎、卵巢静止为主。并就疾病的诊断标准进行阐述,分析导致该病的主要原因,提出了针对性的改进建议。     

繁殖障碍奶牛生殖系统的超声检查

应用B超诊断法对黑龙江省几个奶牛场的繁殖障碍奶牛进行卵巢和子宫检查,获得了奶牛卵巢和子宫疾病的超声影像图,并分析了引起奶牛不孕的卵巢和子宫疾病的超声影像图特点,以期为B超诊断奶牛繁殖障碍疾病提供参考。