澳大利亚小型牧草捆裹青贮系统简介

牧草青贮因各地条件不同而方法各异，目前比较成熟的青贮形式以窖贮、塔贮、壕贮和塑料袋贮为主。１９８４年澳大利亚英特包装集团公司（Ｉｎｔｅｇｒａｔｅｄｐａｃｋａｇｉｎｇ）研制了制作青贮饲料的青贮草捆裹包系统并获得专利。这套系统采用塑料草料裹包膜将重达半吨...     

青贮饲料制作技术要点

发展畜牧业是农牧民致富达小康的战略措施,而青贮饲料又是更有效充分利用作物秸秆、降低生产成本、提高养畜经济效益、增加农牧民收入的技术措施,因此应大力推广、积极应用青贮饲料。农牧区用于青贮的原料很广。除专种的青贮玉米外,还有收籽实用的玉米秸、葵花秆、人工种植的豆科牧草、蔓菁、糖菜以及收籽后的葫芦壳、籽瓜和无毒无害的青绿饲草等。饲料青贮常用的方式有窖贮、塑料袋贮及地面青贮,还有最先进的裹包青贮。目前,广大青贮农牧户普遍采用既经济又实用的砖、石头、水泥建成的地下式永久窖(池)和简易土窖。制作青贮饲料是一项季节…     

不同青贮方式对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响

[目的]以石玉13号玉米为材料,比较全株玉米裹包青贮和窖贮对奶牛生产性能和经济效益的影响。[方法]对裹包青贮和窖贮全株玉米在干物质营养成分,奶牛干物质采食量、产奶量、乳品质等方面进行对比分析。[结果]玉米裹包青贮干物质含量高于窖贮,裹包青贮奶牛14 d和28 d的干物质采食量显著高于窖贮玉米（P<0.05）;饲喂裹包青贮和窖贮对奶牛的产奶量影响差异不显著（P>0.05）;窖贮奶牛28 d乳脂率极显著低于裹包青贮（P<0.01）,乳蛋白率显著低于裹包青贮组（P<0.05）;裹包青贮与窖贮全株玉米对奶牛的产奶量影响差异不显著,但与窖贮相比,裹包青贮每头奶牛增加产奶量0.06 kg/d,每头奶牛增加效益0.23 元/d。     

品种和裹包层次对全株玉米青贮品质的影响

本研究旨在分析2种粮饲兼用品种和1种青贮专用玉米品种全株玉米制成的裹包青贮饲料的发酵品质和营养成分,并比较全株玉米裹包青贮饲料上、中和下层的青贮品质。试验选用登海6702(DH6702)、青贮ND465(ND465)和先玉045(XY045)3个品种的全株玉米制作裹包青贮。结果表明:3个品种的全株玉米裹包青贮饲料的pH均低于3.90,氨态氮/总氮都小于5%;参照全株玉米青贮饲料发酵品质评分标准,得分均在80以上,等级为一级,其中DH6702得分最高,发酵品质较好;DH6702品种的全株玉米裹包青贮可溶性糖(WSC)含量显著高于ND465和XY045,淀粉含量显著高于ND465,粗蛋白质(CP)含量显著高于XY045,中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量显著低于ND465(P0.05);3个品种的全株玉米裹包青贮上、中和下层的WSC、淀粉、NDF和ADF含量无显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,选择合适的青贮玉米品种在全株玉米青贮饲料制作过程中十分重要,采用拉伸膜裹包能够调制成发酵品质优良的全株玉米青贮饲料,小型全株玉米裹包青贮上、中和下层青贮质量差异不显著。     

捆裹青贮

1捆裹青贮的方式捆裹青贮有2种方式:裹包青贮和袋式青贮。1.1裹包青贮裹包青贮采用捆草机将刈割后的牧草压实,进行机械打捆,制成圆柱形或长方形草捆,然后采用裹包机,用青贮专用拉伸膜将草捆紧紧地裹包起来。捆裹过程中也可添加多种添加剂。大型圆捆(直径120厘米×l20厘米),在含水量约50%时,每捆草重约500千克。小型圆捆(直径55厘米×52厘米),在含水量约50%时,每捆草重约40千克。1.2袋式青贮袋式青贮特别适合于玉米、高粱等以及秸秆类植物。将其切碎后,采用袋式灌装机将秸秆/牧草高密度地装入塑料拉伸膜制成的专用青贮袋。秸秆的含水量可达60…     

添加不同比例玉米秸秆对鲜芦笋秸秆青贮品质的影响

为提高鲜芦笋青贮饲料的品质,将当天收割的鲜芦笋秸秆与玉米秸秆切碎后,按1∶0、7∶3、1∶1及3∶7的比例混合成裹包青贮,室温条件下贮藏60 d后开包取样,对不同混合比例的青贮饲料进行感官评价,以期评价玉米秸秆的添加比例对鲜芦笋秸秆裹包青贮品质的影响。试验结果显示:玉米秸秆的添加对青贮效果没有产生影响,芦笋秸秆可以单独制成裹包青贮;鲜芦笋秸秆单独青贮料氨态氮为57.49 g/kg,随着玉米秸秆含量的提高,氨态氮含量呈下降趋势;鲜芦笋秸秆单独制成裹包青贮,其粗蛋白(3.96%)、钙(0.14%)的含量较高;与玉米秸秆混合青贮后,粗蛋白和钙磷的水平下降。玉米秸秆的添加没有对青贮效果产生影响,鲜芦笋秸秆可单独制成裹包青贮,从而获得优质青贮饲料。     

塑料膜在青贮饲料生产中的应用

青贮是一种保存青绿饲料的重要方法，自塑料膜应用于农业以来，它在提高青贮品质，减少营养物质损失方面起到了很重要的作用。文章介绍了塑料膜在生产实践中常用的几种方法：堆式青贮，真空窖青贮，塑料袋装青贮，拉伸膜裹包青贮，塑料膜隔离分层青贮。还分析了塑料膜在青贮中的发展趋势及在我国的应用前景。     

内蒙古青贮饲料质量研究

为探讨内蒙古青贮饲料品质现状,采用抽样方法对内蒙古青贮饲料质量进行研究。结果表明,内蒙古青贮设备主要以窖贮和壕贮为主,青贮时间一般为9和10月,青贮种类主要有全株玉米青贮、玉米秸青贮、甜菜类青贮等;青贮饲料发酵品质总体表现较好,通过对青贮饲料有机酸进行费氏评分,达到优良等级的占总样品的83%,全株玉米青贮和甜菜类青贮经费氏评分均达到优等,但是,全株玉米青贮饲料中的乳酸含量显著高于甜菜类青贮饲料(P＜0.05),乙酸和丁酸含量均显著低于甜菜类青贮饲料(P＜0.05),玉米秸青贮饲料费氏评分为良,内蒙古青贮饲料有机酸费氏评定结果与感官评定结果基本相符;3种青贮饲料中,甜菜类青贮饲料的营养品质最好,全株玉米青贮饲料次之,玉米秸青贮饲料最劣。综合分析结果表明,内蒙古全株玉米青贮饲料和甜菜类青贮饲料营养保存率高,发酵效果好,玉米秸青贮饲料质量较差。     

青贮饲料制作新方法--塑料缸青贮

根据青贮饲料的原理 ,采用一切能够密封的容器或设备均可制作 ,如青贮壕、青贮窖等。在近 2 0a的青贮饲料技术推广工作中 ,我州采取过砖石永久窖、土石永久窖、塑料袋青贮等方式 ,但都普遍存在着造价高、管理利用不便、成功率低等问题 ,据对剑川 15 3窖的调查 ,青贮开窖成功率为 94 1% ,利用率为 2 1次 /年·个。为此我们进行了不断地探索。 2 0 0 1年 ,结合我州在七里桥乡开展的农业生态园建设项目 ,摸索出一种简便、实用的青贮饲料制作新方法———塑料缸青贮 ,解决了青贮饲料技术推广中的诸多问题 ,当年即推广青贮塑料缸 135只 ,制作青…     

玉米秸秆袋装青贮饲料饲喂奶牛效果对比试验

正玉米秸秆青贮饲料是大中型规模奶牛场首选的最有效、最廉价的优质粗饲料,具有营养丰富、适口性好、易消化、可长期贮存等特点,已经得到广泛应用。青贮饲料的贮存方式很多,一般规模养殖场都采用窖贮、塔贮或壕贮,但由于其投资成本较高,使用劳力较多,众多农户和养殖小场难以接受常规的窖贮方法制作青贮饲料。而袋装青贮无需挖窖,操作简便,不受条件限制,在农户庭院内或畜舍内就可进行,规模可大可小,并且袋装青贮密封性好,利用     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.