甘加藏羊发情周期血浆FSH和LH的分泌规律

为了研究甘加藏羊发情周期血浆中促卵泡素(FSH)和促黄体素(LH)的分泌变化规律及其与藏羊繁殖力之间的关系,采用酶联免疫分析法(ELISA)测定发情期、发情后期、间情期和发情前期血浆中FSH和LH的含量,并分析其动态变化规律。结果显示,FSH和LH在发情期、发情后期和发情前期的分泌均呈现脉冲式变化,而间情期既有脉冲式分泌又有波动式分泌。FSH和LH在发情周期中先后均出现4个分泌峰,其中FSH和LH的第1个峰分别出现在发情的2h和0h;第2个峰分别出现在72h和69h;第3个峰分别出现在第10天和第9天;第4个峰分别出现在第13天和第12天。FSH和LH的分泌趋势相似,其特点是分泌量先在发情期升高,然后在发情后期和间情期降低,最后在发情前期又升高。结果表明,发情周期不同阶段FSH和LH的分泌方式明显不相同。在发情期和发情后期,FSH出现峰值的时间分别比LH晚2h和晚3h;在间情期和发情前期,FSH出现峰值的时间比LH晚1d,并且FSH和LH形成2个分泌峰的时间间隔不同。     

甘加型藏羊发情周期阴道细胞变化规律

采用阴道涂片法,观察了8只甘加型藏羊连续2个发情周期阴道细胞涂片,统计分析了发情周期不同时期阴道细胞种类、形态变化特点及其所占比例。结果显示:甘加型藏羊发情周期阴道涂片中主要有副基底层上皮细胞、中间层上皮细胞、表层上皮细胞、不完全角化上皮细胞、完全角化上皮细胞、白细胞和细胞碎片。发情期角化细胞所占比例最高,显著高于发情前期、发情后期和间情期(P0.05);发情前期表层上皮细胞所占比例显著高于其他三个时期(P0.05);间情期和发情后期白细胞所占比例显著高于发情前期和发情期;中间层上皮细胞在各时期所占比例差异不显著(P0.05)。结果表明:根据涂片中阴道细胞种类和各类细胞所占比例的变化特点可以简便、快速准确地鉴定和区分甘加母羊发情周期的不同阶段,阴道凃片是高效、准确的发情鉴定方法。     

陕北白绒山羊10月龄母羊发情周期血清激素分泌规律的研究

本实验旨在分析陕北白绒山羊10月龄母羊发情周期内卵泡刺激素(FSH)、黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)和孕酮(P_4)的含量变化规律,为研究幼龄陕北白绒山羊母羊的繁殖性能和生殖激素的调控提供理论依据。在一个发情周期内,连续20 d每天对8只10月龄陕北白绒山羊母羊进行颈静脉采血(母羊出现发情表现记为发情第0天);在发情期当天和发情间期第5天,从08:00开始,每间隔15 min连续采血3 h,分离血清,用酶联免疫测定法(ELISA)测定发情期、间情期和发情周期血清中FSH、LH、E_2和P_4的含量。结果表明:在发情期和间情期连续3 h内,FSH、LH、E_2和P_4均呈波动式分泌,FSH发情期比间情期波动频率快。LH发情期较间情期的波动频率低;在发情期血清内E_2含量较间情期高(P0.05);间情期血清内P4含量显著高于发情期(P0.05);在测定的20 d内,FSH、LH、E2血清中浓度值差异不显著(P0.05),而P4浓度在发情当日和发情次日低于发情间期(P0.05)。     

BAD基因在敖汉细毛羊发情不同时期卵巢表达规律及对生殖激素的影响

本实验研究旨在探究BAD基因在敖汉细毛羊中的不同发情时期卵巢中表达量的变化规律以及对生殖激素的影响,为探讨其与绵羊发情的关系奠定基础。首先利用放射免疫方法测定敖汉细毛羊血液中促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E_2)和孕激素(P_4)的浓度,然后利用qRT-PCR检测乏情期、发情前期、发情间期和发情期卵巢BAD基因的表达量变化。结果表明:卵巢中BAD基因在发情前期的表达量极显著高于乏情期、发情期和发情间期(P0.01),在发情期的表达量极显著高于乏情期和发情间期(P0.01),乏情期和发情间期的表达量基本相同(P0.05);E_2和LH浓度在BAD基因表达量最高的发情前期维持较高水平,P_4的浓度维持较低水平。综上可知,BAD基因的表达可能促进了E_2和LH浓度升高,抑制了P_4产生,进而影响细毛羊发情,可为绵羊发情的研究提供借鉴。     

初情期母牦牛发情期与乏情期主要生殖激素分泌特点的研究

用ELISA对10头发情期内和5头乏情期内的初情期母牦牛进行24 h内血清促性腺激素释放激素(GnRH)、黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)分泌情况检测并比较体重和解剖观察子宫的发育情况。结果显示:发情期母牦牛体重、子宫重、子宫颈-子宫体长、外阴-子宫体长均高于乏情期母牦牛(P0.05),并且在发情期内发情母牦牛高于未发情母牦牛(P0.05);发情期24 h内初情期母牦牛在GnRH、LH、FSH分泌量明显高于乏情期母牦牛(P0.001);在发情期内发情母牦牛GnRH、LH、FSH的分泌量明显高于未发情母牦牛(P0.001)。对比发情期内未发情母牦牛与乏情期母牦牛,二者分泌量均较低,但是发情期内未发情母牦牛激素含量较高并且有较为明显的峰值出现。     

不同营养水平对大足黑山羊血浆中FSH与LH水平的影响

为了研究营养对大足黑山羊繁殖性能的影响,试验选择10只大足黑山羊进行不同营养水平饲喂试验,在发情间期每天采集2次血样,发情期每3 h采集1次血样,分离血浆后采用酶联免疫(ELISA)双抗体夹心法测定血浆中的促黄体素(LH)和促卵泡素(FSH)浓度。结果表明:在发情周期内,FSH和LH呈波动式分泌,发情前出现LH峰,发情期FSH出现最高峰值,高营养水平组大足黑山羊血浆中FSH和LH水平显著高于低营养组(P0.05)。说明增加饲料营养水平能够提高大足黑山羊繁殖性能。     

发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫中黄体生成素受体的表达变化

为研究发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫中黄体生成索受体(LHR)的定位及表达变化,笔者利用免疫组织化学SP法分别检测发情期、发情后期、间情期和发情前期牦牛子宫中LHR的表达,并进行光密度值分析.结果表明,LHR免疫阳性产物在牦牛子宫腺上皮细胞、基质细胞、血管内皮细胞、血管平滑肌细胞和肌层平滑肌细胞中均有表达;腺上皮细胞、基质细胞和肌层平滑肌细胞中LHR在发情前期和发情期表达最弱,发情后期表达增加,间情期表达最强(P＜0.05);子宫内膜血管平滑肌细胞中LHR的表达在发情期最强,间情期最弱(P＜0.05);血管内皮中LHR在发情期和发情前期表达很强,发情后期和间情期显著下降(P＜0.05).结果表明LHR参与了发情周期不同阶段牦牛子宫功能变化的调控.     

犬发情周期卵巢与子宫组织学观察

犬在一年中发情1～2次，根据母犬的发情征候和对公犬的反应，一般将犬的发情周期分为四期，即发情前期，发情期，发情后期和乏情期。     

莱芜黑山羊发情周期中FSH、LH、E2和P的分泌规律

莱芜黑山羊在发情期和间情期，血浆内的卵泡刺激素（FSH）和黄体生成素（LH）均呈脉冲式分泌，雌激素（E2）和孕嗣（P）为波动式分泌。发情期FSH的脉冲周期较间情期长，两者之间显著差异（P〈0．05）。发情期LH的脉冲周期短于间情期，两者之间差异不显著（P〉0．05）。在整个发情周期中，FSH和LH均先后出现4个分泌峰，FSH和LH的第1个分泌峰分别出现在第7天和第5天，其余3个分泌峰均同时出现（分别为第10、15和20天）。E2和FSH、LH均在发情周期的第20天迭最高峰。P在间情期一直维持在一个较高水平。     

母畜发情周期中激素的作用机制

<正> 母畜的发情周期按其内部生殖器官的组织学变化及外表行为可分成四期:发情前期(卵泡期)、发情期(发情盛期),发情后期(黄体期)及休情期(间情期)。发情周期的长度是由前一次发情期开始到下一次发情期开始来计算的。周期的长度有种属差异,也有同种品系间的差异。如牛的发情周期为21±4天,猪为19～23天,平均21天。实际上发情周期的     

Comparison of in vitro and in situ methods in evaluation of forage digestibility in ruminants

The objective of this study was to compare the application of different in vitro and in situ methods in empirical and mechanistic predictions of in vivo OM digestibility (OMD) and their associations to near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy spectra for a variety of forages. Apparent in vivo OMD of silages made from alfalfa (n = 2), corn (n = 9), corn stover (n = 2), grass (n = 11), whole crops of wheat and barley (n = 8) and red clover (n = 7), and fresh alfalfa (n = 1), grass hays (n = 5), and wheat straws (n = 5) had previously been determined in sheep. Concentrations of indigestible NDF (iNDF) in all forage samples were determined by a 288-h ruminal in situ incubation. Gas production of isolated forage NDF was measured by in vitro incubations for 72 h. In vitro pepsin-cellulase OM solubility (OMS) of the forages was determined by a 2-step gravimetric digestion method. Samples were also subjected to a 2-step determination of in vitro OMD based on buffered rumen fluid and pepsin. Further, rumen fluid digestible OM was determined from a single 96-h incubation at 38°C. Digestibility of OM from the in situ and the in vitro incubations was calculated according to published empirical equations, which were either forage specific or general (1 equation for all forages) within method. Indigestible NDF was also used in a mechanistic model to predict OMD. Predictions of OMD were evaluated by residual analysis using the GLM procedure in SAS. In vitro OMS in a general prediction equation of OMD did not display a significant forage-type effect on the residuals (observed - predicted OMD; P = 0.10). Predictions of OMD within forage types were consistent between iNDF and the 2-step in vitro method based on rumen fluid. Root mean square error of OMD was least (0.032) when the prediction was based on a general forage equation of OMS. However, regenerating a simple regression for iNDF by omitting alfalfa and wheat straw reduced the root mean square error of OMD to 0.025. Indigestible NDF in a general forage equation predicted OMD without any bias (P ≥ 0.16), and root mean square error of prediction was smallest among all methods when alfalfa and wheat straw samples were excluded. Our study suggests that compared with the in vitro laboratory methods, iNDF used in forage-specific equations will improve overall predictions of forage in vivo OMD. The in vitro and in situ methods performed equally well in calibrations of iNDF or OMD by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.     

大庆市羊东毕吸虫病流行病学调查

对大庆市羊东毕吸虫病的流行病学进行了调查研究。结果表明，大庆有3种东毕吸虫，即程氏东毕吸虫（O.cheni)、土耳其斯坦东毕吸虫（O.turkestanica)和土耳斯坦东毕吸虫结节变种（O.turkestanican var.thuberculata)；中间宿主螺类有1种，即卵萝卜螺；东毕吸虫病在大庆分布很广，所调查的4区2县均有发生，羊东毕吸虫平均感染率分别为50．33％，平均死亡率为21．12％，大庆羊急性病例发病时间为8月上旬至10月下旬，慢性病例为11月上旬至翌年2月中旬。     

中国圈养野生动物疫苗使用调查

2005年对中国动物园协会单位中的18家动物园饲养野生动物疫苗免疫情况进行调查。受调查动物园在野生动物疫苗使用和动物种类方面具有一定的代表性。调查结果显示动物园动物现共使用18类36种疫苗,预防31种疫病。其中哺乳动物使用14类24种疫苗,预防24种疫病;禽类使用4类12种疫苗,预防7种疫病。使用范围最广的有禽流感、犬瘟热疫苗等、新城疫疫苗、猫瘟热疫苗等。共有24目58科动物接种疫苗,其中食肉动物类1目8科,食草动物类3目9科,杂食动物类2目3科,禽类18目38科。研究结果提示应加强动物园之间疫病信息交流、防疫资源的利用、疫病监测和研究,加大对动物园动物疫病的研究投入,逐步建立动物园动物统一的防疫规程。     

ELISA试验在防制猪伪狂犬病中的应用

猪伪狂犬病是由伪狂病病毒(Pseudorabies virus PRV)引起的急性传染病。其特征是成年猪常为隐性感染，可有流产、死胎、呼吸系统症状，新生仔猪除神经症状外还可侵害消化系统，并伴大批死亡。本病已经给全世界的养猪业造成严重的损失，我国许多地区已报道该病。为进一步探讨该病的控制、净化措施，我们对12个养猪场共856分血清采用美国嗍公司的ELISA试剂盒进行了抗体检测。     

Use of cyclocryotherapy in management of glaucoma in dogs

In 5 cases of glaucoma (2 from trauma, 2 from narrowed drainage angles, 1 secondary to lens extraction), cyclocryotherapy was used to control intraocular pressure. In all cases the intraocular pressure decreased, with the usual result being a cosmetic and painless but blind eye.     

Estimate of economic impact of fowl cholera in turkeys in Georgia in 1986

Information gathered from cases of fowl cholera (FC) in commercial turkey flocks through case records, flock records, and telephone and mail surveys was used to estimate disease costs. The cost to the Georgia commercial turkey industry in 1986 from preventive measures, treatment of outbreaks, and production losses from the disease was estimated at $634,545. The cost of FC per kg of live production was estimated to be $0.015.     

Occurrence of MRSA in pigs and in humans involved in pig production--preliminary results of a study in the northwest of Germany

In 2007, 678 pigs of all age groups out of 347 different farms from Lower Saxony and Northrhine-Westphalia and 86 persons occupationally exposed to pigs were investigated for their nasal colonisation with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus areus (MRSA) by the Field Station for Epidemiology of the University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover and the Robert Koch-Institute. At the individual animal level, a frequency of positive results of 13% (n = 85 positive animals) and at the herd level, a frequency of positive results of 18% (n = 62 positive herds) were found. All isolates were assigned to the Multilocus Sequence Typing Type ST398. Within MRSA-positive herds, there were more MRSA-negative than MRSA-positive animals. Among the occupationally exposed persons (veterinarians, laboratory personnel and meat inspection personnel), 20 persons (23%) showed a nasal colonisation with MRSA ST398. A quite strong association between the intensity of the contact to pigs with the frequency of nasal colonisation in the occupationally exposed persons was detected. None of the animals or the humans nasally colonised by MRSA ST398 showed any clinical symptoms of a staphylococcal infection. Conclusions are drawn on the herd and intra-herd prevalence of the nasal colonisation of pigs with MRSA ST398 in pigs, but especially on which questions need to be addressed by further research.     

2017年西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平检测

为了解西藏拉萨市家禽禽流感抗体水平,2017年8月随机选择免疫过H5禽流感疫苗的8个规模养殖场、2个散养户、3个活禽交易市场,共13个群体,采集1 041份家禽血清样品进行H5、H7、H9亚型禽流感HI抗体检测。结果显示：H5亚型禽流感免疫抗体合格率为45.73%,H7、H9亚型抗体阳性率分别为21.13%、52.64%;养殖场、散养户和活禽交易市场的不同亚型抗体水平存在较大差异,规模化养殖场的H7亚型抗体阳性率最高（29.92%）,活禽市场的H5、H9亚型阳性率最高（78.16%、79.31%）,散养户的所有亚型抗体阳性率均最低。结果表明,拉萨市H5亚型禽流感疫苗免疫效果较差,特别是散养户,疫病发生风险较高,H7、H9亚型疑似自然感染率较高,应进一步查明原因,及时采取相应的措施,防止疫情发生。