新孢子虫病研究进展

新孢子虫病 ( Neosporosis)是由犬新孢子虫( Neospora canium Dubey,1 988)引起的多种家畜的一种原虫病。它可引起孕畜流产或死胎 ,以及新生儿的运动障碍和神经系统疾病。本病可造成巨大的经济损失。据初步统计 ,美国加州每年因牛流产造成35 0万美元损失 ;澳大利亚每年奶牛业损     

胶体金免疫层析法与ELISA法对牛的新孢子虫血清抗体检测结果的比较

新孢子虫病(Neosporosis)是由犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)寄于宿主所引起的一种原虫病[1].牛、绵羊、山羊、马、鹿等均可作为中间宿主,终末宿主是犬[2].     

奶牛新孢子虫病及其防制进展

奶牛新孢子虫病是由犬新孢子虫（Neosporacaninum Dubey）引起的多种动物共患的一种原虫病。牛、绵羊、山羊、马、鹿等均可作为中间宿主，终末宿主是犬，主要造成孕畜流产，死胎及新生仔畜运动神经障碍，对牛的危害尤为严重。该病呈世界性分布，广泛存在于欧洲、美洲、澳大利亚、新西兰等30多个国家，其感染率为10％～40％，最高可达82％，严重危害养牛业的发展。     

新孢子虫NcSRS2基因的克隆和亚克隆

新孢子虫病是由犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)寄生于牛、羊、犬等多种动物细胞内引起的一种原虫病.犬新孢子虫的终末宿主主要为犬,也有山狗作为其终末宿主的报道;中间宿主种类繁多,包括犬、牛、羊、马等家畜及灰狐、红狐、南美洲负鼠等多种野生动物.新孢子虫病可以引起孕畜流产、死胎以及新生儿的运动障碍和神经系统疾病,尤其是奶牛的流产,给养牛业带来了巨大的经济损失.     

奶牛新孢子虫病的诊断方法

新孢子虫病是由犬新孢子虫寄生于犬、牛、羊等多种动物细胞内而引起的原虫病。该病1984年由挪威兽医学家在患脑炎和肌炎的幼犬体内首次发现，1988年某博士将其命名为犬新孢子虫。犬新孢子虫的终末宿主是犬，牛、羊、犬、马、鹿、小鼠等均可作为中间宿主。     

巴州部分地区牦牛黄牛新孢子虫病循环抗体检测

<正>新孢子虫病(Neosporiasis)是由犬新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)寄生在牛、羊、马、犬、鹿等多种宿主动物细胞内的一种原虫病。已知犬、郊狼、狐狸等是犬新孢子虫的终末宿主兼中间宿主;奶牛、黄牛、牦牛、马、羊、鹿等多种哺乳动物均是其中间宿主~([1])。新孢子虫病对牛的危害尤为严重,主要引起母畜流产、死胎和产弱胎、新生胎儿运动神经障     

郑州市奶牛场犬新孢子虫血清学调查

犬新孢子虫是一种细胞内专性寄生的原虫,由新孢子虫属犬新孢子虫引起的多种家畜的一种原虫病,主要感染牛和犬,引起牛的流产和新生儿的死亡,已成为畜牧业生产中主要问题,犬新孢子虫病是引起牛流产的主要原因[1],对奶牛的危害严重,是一种世界范围内分布的致病性原虫[2-4],目前欧洲、美洲和亚洲等30多个国家报道有奶牛犬新孢子虫病发生,我国一些省份如吉林、新疆和青海等也陆续     

牛二种原虫病的诊治

<正>牛原虫病——新孢子虫病和弓形虫病是除了球虫病之外的非常严重的二种原虫病,现将该二种原虫病的诊断、防治方法进行如下介绍。1牛新孢子虫病1.1病原学牛新孢子虫病的病原是犬新孢子虫,是一种球虫目的原虫,普遍寄生在牛和犬中,也可见其他动物。犬是中间宿主,当发生生前感染时也可成为终末宿主。新孢子虫可以从母牛垂直传播给子宫内的胎儿,或经哺乳传给犊牛,自然感染主要是通过摄食被含有新孢子虫卵囊污染的粪便而感染,也可     

新孢子虫病与奶牛生产性能关系的研究

1984年Bjerkas等在患脑膜炎和肌炎的幼犬体内发现了一种外被包囊的原虫,形态与龚地弓形虫（Toxoplasma gondii）相似.Dubey等对诊断为弓形虫病的23只患犬的器官标本进行了重新诊断,也发现了这种与T gondii相似但形态结构不同的原虫,并命名为犬新孢子虫（Neospora caninum）.Dubey等从美国墨西哥州一个持续发生流产牛场的胎牛脑组织中分离到类似T gondii的组织包囊,这种组织包囊与抗N caninum的抗体发生反应,而不于T gondii抗体发生发应,认为其为牛流产的病原.Mc Alister在犬粪便里检出N caninum卵囊,证实犬是N caninum的终末宿主.迄今为止,研究报道最多的是奶牛新孢子虫病,它广泛发生于世界各地.     

新孢子虫及其致病机制的分子基础

新孢子虫病(Neosporosis)是由新孢子虫(Neospora caninum)感染多种动物的原虫病,在全世界广泛分布[1]。我国多个省市自治区均有流行,不同地区血清阳性率差异显著[2]。新孢子虫隶属于顶复亚门,孢子虫纲,真球虫目,肉孢子虫科,新孢子虫属,是1988年才被确认的一种动物寄生原虫。新孢子虫感染会引起孕畜流产、死胎及新生儿运动神经功能障碍,主要危害牛和犬,也会引起山羊、绵羊和鹿的临床感染[3]。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.