五种中草药杀灭钉螺与血吸虫毛蚴的比较研究

为了了解中草药植物对血吸虫中间宿主及其幼虫的影响,试验比较了阿魏、羊蹄、毛茛、苦楝子、田皂角这5种中草药的不同浓度浸煮液对钉螺及血吸虫毛蚴的杀灭作用。结果表明:这5种中草药浸煮液均有杀灭钉螺及血吸虫毛蚴的作用,其中阿魏杀灭钉螺效果极显著(P0.01),羊蹄杀灭钉螺效果显著(P0.05),且对水生生物影响不大。说明中草药阿魏与羊蹄均可以作为钉螺与血吸虫毛蚴的抑制剂。     

五种中草药杀灭钉螺与血吸虫毛蚴的比较研究

为了了解中草药植物对血吸虫中间宿主及其幼虫的影响,试验比较了阿魏、羊蹄、毛茛、苦楝子、田皂角这5种中草药的不同浓度浸煮液对钉螺及血吸虫毛蚴的杀灭作用。结果表明：这5种中草药浸煮液均有杀灭钉螺及血吸虫毛蚴的作用,其中阿魏杀灭钉螺效果极显著（P〈0.01）,羊蹄杀灭钉螺效果显著（P〈0.05）,且对水生生物影响不大。说明中草药阿魏与羊蹄均可以作为钉螺与血吸虫毛蚴的抑制剂。     

羊踯躅等6种中药对钉螺与血吸虫毛蚴杀灭效果观察

目的：研究羊踯躅、羊蹄、毛茛、苦楝子、田皂角、益母草6种中药的不同浓度混合液对钉螺及日本血吸虫毛蚴的杀灭作用。结果：该6种中药的浸煮液均有杀灭钉螺及血吸虫毛蚴的作用,其中羊踯躅杀灭钉螺效果极显著（P〈0.01）,羊蹄杀灭钉螺效果显著（P〈0.05）,且对水生生物影响较小。结论：中药羊踯躅与羊蹄均可以作为钉螺与血吸虫毛蚴的抑制剂。     

新疆阿魏有效成分对钉螺酯酶同工酶的影响

为了研究新疆阿魏有效成分对钉螺酯酶同工酶的影响,试验将新疆阿魏有效成分配制成不同浓度溶液后分别浸杀钉螺,再以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳。结果表明:处理6 h后试验组的酶带比对照组深,即试验组的酶活较对照组高;处理12～24 h钉螺酶活大大减弱甚至消失,表现为试验组的酶带较对照组浅,高浓度组甚至表现为酶带消失。说明新疆阿魏有效成分可影响钉螺酯酶同工酶。     

阿魏愈创木醇杀灭钉螺机理研究

考察阿魏愈创木醇对钉螺酯酶同工酶、糖原及总蛋白的影响。将阿魏愈创木醇配制成不同浓度溶液分别浸杀钉螺,再以聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳、蒽酮显色与全自动凯氏定氮仪测定阿魏对钉螺同工酶、糖原及总蛋白的影响。结果显示,阿魏愈创木醇处理3 h后,钉螺酯酶同工酶活性较对照组显著提高,处理6-9 h后,钉螺酯酶同工酶活性减弱极显著或消失;糖原于低浓度时较对照组增加8.50%,高浓度时则显著减少,减少幅度为10.52%~29.23%;阿魏愈创木醇对钉螺蛋白质含量影响并不显著,减少幅度为4.53%~5.10%。结果提示,阿魏愈创木醇主要影响钉螺的酯酶和糖原。     

阿魏倍半萜类不同剂型灭螺活性的研究

为了解阿魏倍半萜类的灭螺活性,利用有机溶剂提取、硅胶柱层析分离到7种阿魏倍半萜类化合物,以同一剂量将其制成溶液、颗粒、粉剂,并用浸泡、喷粉、投喂等方法对比处理钉螺.结果显示:阿魏倍半萜类杀螺效果极显著(P<0.001),在室温25℃±1℃,水温23℃±1℃的条件下,72 h内3种方法处理的钉螺死亡率都达到90%以上,其中颗粒灭螺活性最强,喷粉灭螺强于浸泡灭螺.     

新疆阿魏有效成分不同处理方法灭螺效果观察

日本血吸虫病是由人或哺乳动物感染血吸虫后所引起的一种疾病,钉螺为日本血吸虫的惟一中间宿主,灭螺是阻止血吸虫病传播的有效途径。目前,化学灭螺对环境污染较大。提倡植物灭螺。新疆阿魏系伞形科阿魏属植物,具有消积、杀虫、治疗疟疾等功效。笔者等利用阿魏倍半萜类化合物对钉螺进行浸泡、喷粉、投喂等方法处理,并比较了这3种方法的灭螺效果。     

不同剂量新疆阿魏对血吸虫活性的影响

为了探讨新疆阿魏杀灭血吸虫的功效,分别用新疆阿魏蒸馏萃取物以0.1、0.2、0.3、0.4 g/kg浓度药液灌服治疗感染血吸虫病家兔,每隔3 d灌服1次,4次后停止给药,4周后剖检,门静脉灌注法收集虫体、计算减虫率,并以组织切片检查该药对血吸虫感染兔肝脏的治疗作用。结果显示,减虫率分别为12.30%、17.20%、46.40%、40.80%;经组织切片观察,家兔肝脏肉芽肿明显减小。表明新疆阿魏具有很强的杀灭血吸虫活性的作用,最佳杀虫剂量为0.3 g/kg。     

羊角拗苷不同剂型灭螺活性观察

为了解羊角拗的灭螺活性,用有机溶剂提取、硅胶柱层析分离羊角拗苷化合物,以同一剂量将其制成溶液、颗粒、粉剂,并用浸泡、投喂、喷粉等方法对比处理钉螺。结果显示,羊角拗苷杀螺效果极显著(P<0.01),在室温(25±1)℃、水温(23±1)℃条件下,72 h内3种方法处理的钉螺死亡率均达到90%以上,其中颗粒剂灭螺活性最强,喷粉灭螺优于浸泡灭螺。     

阿魏漂浮缓释剂的制备及其对血吸虫尾蚴活性影响

根据血吸虫尾蚴聚集于水面的生态特点,以新疆阿魏为原药,以锯末为载体,研制出新型阿魏漂浮缓释剂,该缓释剂可在水面漂浮30d,且对血吸虫尾蚴杀灭作用极显著（P〈0.01）,为控制血吸虫病的蔓延提供了有效途径。     

农业部家畜血吸虫病流行病学观测点2011年观测结果情况

2011年对8个家畜血吸虫病观测点血吸虫感染、野粪污染情况以及螺情进行了调查.全年共检测了21091头牛、1425只羊以及1760头(匹)其他家畜,血吸虫病感染率分别为0.42％、0.63％和0％.在97头(只)感染家畜中,90.72％(88头)为牛,9.28％(9只)为羊.江西省吴城镇和湖南省南大膳镇的牛血吸虫感染率超过4％.在湖南省和江西省的观测点中发现家畜粪便有血吸虫虫卵污染,其中96.15％阳性野粪为牛粪.所有观测点都有钉螺分布,但阳性钉螺主要分布在湖南省和江西省的观测点.观测结果显示湖南省洞庭湖和江西省鄱阳湖地区是目前防控家畜血吸虫病的重点地区,且病牛依然是血吸虫病疫区(尤其是湖沼型地区)的主要传染源.     

日本血吸虫非叉型尾蚴感染动物试验

试验采集云南巍山地区自然条件下的钉螺,压碎钉螺、检获尾蚴,发现为非叉型尾蚴。将非叉型尾蚴400~850条/只经皮肤感染家兔,同时,用云南洱源的叉型尾蚴作对照试验。感染后50～55 d解剖兔子,试验组检获到日本血吸虫,荷虫量为10～15条/只。试验结果表明,云南巍山非叉型尾蚴能感染动物,该试验结果为丰富日本血吸虫的生活史提供了极有价值的补充。     

中药羊踯躅对钉螺浸杀作用及其机理研究

中药羊踯躅有杀虫作用,用羊踯躅进行钉螺浸杀试验,研究其杀螺效果。将水提取物和乙醇提取物配制成不同浓度的羊踯躅溶液作浸杀钉螺试验,观察钉螺死亡率及羊踯躅对钉螺软组织中总蛋白和糖原含量的影响,并检测羊踯躅提取液对鱼类的毒性。结果表明,羊踯躅有较强的杀螺作用,而且对鱼类的毒性不明显。     

Evaluation of disinfectants with the addition of antifreezing compounds against nonpathogenic H7N2 avian influenza virus.

In the winter of 1997 and 1998, in the midst of the H7N2 avian influenza outbreak in Pennsylvania, producers added antifreeze or windshield washer fluid to disinfectant solutions in wash stations to prevent freezing. The purpose of this study was to determine if the addition of these products to the disinfectant solutions would have deleterious effects. Four disinfectants (two phenols, one quarternary ammonium, and one combination product: quarternary ammonium and formaldehyde) and one sodium hypochlorite detergent product currently used in the poultry industry were studied. Each product was diluted according to the manufacturer's recommendation in sterile distilled water and compared with dilutions of the disinfectants with the addition of antifreeze products (ethylene glycol or propylene glycol) or windshield washer fluid for their effectiveness in killing nonpathogenic H7N2 avian influenza virus. All products diluted according to the manufacturer's recommendation killed the nonpathogenic H7N2 avian influenza virus in this test system. The phenol products and the quaternary ammonium product were still efficacious with the addition of the antifreeze containing ethylene glycol. Both the combination product and the sodium hypochlorite detergent had decreased efficacy when the ethylene glycol product was added. When the propylene glycol product was added, the efficacy of all disinfectants remained unaffected, whereas the efficacy of the sodium hypochlorite detergent decreased. With the addition of the windshield washer fluid (methyl alcohol), all products remained efficacious except for the combination product.     

Effects of Polysaccharides from Ferula sinkiangensis Root on Proliferation of Chicken Peripheral Lymphocyte and Spleen Lymphocyte in vitro

To investigate the effects of Ferula sinkiangensis polysaccharides (FSP) on cell proliferation of chicken splenic lymphocytes and peripheral lymphocyte in vitro. By the method of water extract-alcohol precipitation,total Ferula sinkiangensis polysaccharide (FSP_t) and 30%,50%,70% gradient alcohol precipitation of polysaccharides (FSP₃₀,FSP₅₀ and FSP₇₀) were extracted, and detected by phenol-sulfuric acid method and infrared spectroscopy method. The safe concentration of all classifications of polysaccharide were detected and the effect of FSP on lymphocyte proliferation of chicken spleen and peripheral blood were measured by MTT method. The results showed that the absorption peak of FSP were conformed to belong by polysaccharide compounds. Peripheral blood T lymphocyte proliferation test indicated that FSP_t,FSP₃₀ and FSP₇₀ alone or cooperated with PHA could stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation under a certain concentration,and FSP_t showed a better proliferation effect. Spleen B lymphocyte proliferation test showed that FSP_t,FSP₃₀ and FSP₇₀ alone or cooperated with LPS could stimulate B lymphocyte proliferation under a certain concentration,FSP_t and FSP₇₀ showed a better proliferation effect. In conclusion,FSP showed the strong effect on lymphocyte proliferation of chicken spleen and peripheral blood in vitro,and that would be the materials for further research.     

阿魏根粗多糖对鸡脾脏和外周血淋巴细胞体外增殖作用的影响

为研究新疆阿魏多糖（FSP）对鸡外周血T淋巴细胞和脾脏B淋巴细胞增殖作用的影响。本研究用水提醇沉法得到阿魏总多糖（FSP_t）和3种分级多糖（FSP₃₀、FSP₅₀、FSP₇₀）,并通过苯酚-硫酸法和红外光谱对FSP进行检测。通过MTT法测定各级FSP的安全浓度及其对鸡外周血T淋巴细胞及脾脏B淋巴细胞的增殖能力。结果显示,提取的FSP均具有多糖的特征峰,为多糖类化合物。外周血T淋巴细胞增殖试验表明,除FSP₅₀外,所有多糖在一定浓度下均能单独和协同PHA刺激T淋巴细胞增殖,其中FSP_t的增殖作用较强。脾脏B淋巴细胞增殖试验表明,除FSP₅₀外,所有多糖在一定浓度下均能单独和协同LPS刺激B淋巴细胞增殖,其中FSP₇₀和FSP_t增殖作用较强。综上所述,各级FSP中,FSP_t对脾脏B淋巴细胞和外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖作用最强,可以作为进一步研究的材料。     

Phenotypic differences in Schistosoma mattheei ova from populations sympatric and allopatric to S. haematobium

Schistosoma mattheei ova were collected from cattle in different localities in South Africa and after hatching, miracidia were used to infest Bulinus (Physopsis) globosus. Cercariae harvested from these snails were used to infest the definitive host Praomys (Mastomys) coucha and eggs from the resulting female S. mattheei were collected. These ova were compared with a Schistosoma haematobium X S. mattheei hybrid similarly collected from an infested P. (M.) coucha. The results indicate that S. mattheei populations which are sympatric to S. haematobium possess S. haematobium characteristics. It is suggested that the gene pools of populations of the parasite in these areas are infiltrated with S. haematobium genes via the S. mattheei X S. haematobium hybrid originating from human hosts.