限制动物跨省区流动的关键措施

限制动物跨省区流动是控制动物疫病传播的关键措施。通过采取无规定动物疫病区管理措施,防疫条件分级管理,建立指定通道,加强动物贩运经纪人资质管理等措施,可以有效限制动物跨省流动,保证养殖业安全和动物产品安全。     

关于以省为单位实施动物疫病区域化管理及对跨省动物采取无疫区检疫措施的探讨

本文重点探讨对跨省移动动物实施调运前许可,通过指定通道输入的合法性和可行性。研究的基本依据是《动物防疫法》中有关动物疫病区域化管理和无规定动物疫病区的规定,提出的基本做法是以省为单位实施动物疫病区域化管理,对跨省移动的动物采取无疫区的管理措施,即调运前许可,通过指定通道进入各省,调入后实施隔离检疫等措施。     

海南省冷鲜肉代替活动物跨省调运防疫策略的应用与思考

活体肉用动物跨省调运是疫病传播的主要因素,给我国动物疫病防控及无规定动物疫病区建设造成严重的威胁。文章通过介绍海南省实施冷鲜肉代替活体肉用动物跨省调运防疫策略的应用,提出应用该防疫策略的思考,建议实施该防疫策略建设无规定动物疫病区。     

动物疫病区域化管理国际规则与我国无规定动物疫病区建设策略研究

实施动物疫病区域化管理是控制动物疫病的重要措施,OIE认为建立无特定动物疫病贸易区域的基本原理是以流行病学和风险分析的原则来评价和管理来自动物疫病的风险,制定了动物疫病区划的国际标准和贸易认可原则,WTO关注动物疫病区域化管理对国际贸易的影响,WTO/SPS第6条规定了成员国应认可病虫害非疫区及低度流行区的概念。1998年,我国开始无规定动物疫病区建设,2001年选择畜牧业基础好,具有一定自然和地理屏障的区域建设无疫区示范区。按照国际规则和有关标准,规范我国的无规定动物疫病区建设,提高区域内动物及动物产品卫生水平,是提高我国动物及动物产品国际竞争力和畜产品安全质量的重要举措。     

浅谈甘州区跨省调运动物落地监管现状及分析

近年来,随着甘州区畜牧业经济持续快速发展,动物饲养量不断增加,跨省调运动物和流通也越来越频繁,导致通过调运动物传播重大动物疫病的风险增大。对此,进一步加强跨省动物落地监管,是预防动物疫病通过调运途径传至甘州区的重要措施,也对保障全区畜牧业经济健康持续发展及人民群众身体健康至关重要。作者结合工作实际,就甘州区跨省调运动物落地监管工作开展情况及存在的问题进行了分析。     

北京市乳用、种用动物跨省调运管理暂行办法

<正>第一章总则第一条为规范乳用动物、种用动物及其精液、胚胎、种蛋(以下简称乳用、种用动物)跨省(自治区、直辖市)(以下简称"跨省")调运工作,加强引进乳用、种用动物的监督管理,防止外源性动物疫病传入,保障畜禽养殖健康发展,根据《中华人民共和国动物防疫法》和《动物检疫管理办法》的有关规定,制定本办法。第二条本办法适用于本市     

商情新闻

●《山东省无规定动物疫病区管理办法》出台 无规定动物疫病区建设是控制、扑灭重点动物疫病,保护畜牧业发展和人体健康的治本措施,从1998年开始,山东省先后有9个市、35个县市区成为无规定动物疫病区示范区。该办法对无规定动物疫病区的规划建设、动物防疫管理和法律责任等作了明确规定。     

海南省加强调运省外肉用动物监督执法工作实践

本文总结了海南省加强调运省外肉用动物监督执法工作的实践,介绍了实施以冷鲜肉代替活体肉用动物跨省调运疫策略、加强队伍建设、严格依法行政、突出联防联控4个方面的做法和成效。针对动物疫病区域化管理主体责任落实不位、法律法规震慑力不够、调运省外动物落地不报告不隔离3个存在困难,提出了相应的建议,以期进一步维护海南省无定动物疫病区安全。     

应用“互联网+”数据信息平台优化动物调运监管的策略分析

为切实加强跨省调运动物监管,有效化解动物疫病传播风险,全面规范动物检疫监督监管。本文就"互联网+"大数据信息平台的技术优势,以动物检疫电子出证平台为基础,提出了贯穿于动物跨省调运审批、动物出栏检疫申报、官方兽医电子出证、公路检查站监督检查、屠宰饲养地落地监管各环节的大数据监管思路,为切实强化动物移动监管,实现动物调运监管全过程无盲区管控,从根本上为降低动物移动带来的动物疫病传播风险提供一定参考。     

应用“互联网+”数据信息平台优化动物调运监管的策略分析

为切实加强跨省调运动物监管,有效化解动物疫病传播风险,全面规范动物检疫监督监管。本文就“互联网+”大数据信息平台的技术优势,以动物检疫电子出证平台为基础,提出了贯穿于动物跨省调运审批、动物出栏检疫申报、官方兽医电子出证、公路检查站监督检查、屠宰饲养地落地监管各环节的大数据监管思路,为切实强化动物移动监管,实现动物调运监管全过程无盲区管控,从根本上为降低动物移动带来的动物疫病传播风险提供一定参考。     

The first Polish animal contagious disease act of 1844

The Veterinary Control Act of 1844 was the first to regulate in entirety the control of infectious diseases in animals and questions of sanitary inspection of animal food products in the Kingdom of Poland. The act listed explicit procedures regarding diagnostics, control and eradication of diseases as well as concerning animal food product inspection. The act required that animal owners become familiar with symptoms of animal diseases, their methods of control and that they prevent their spreading. The obligations of veterinarians, state physicians and administrative control bodies in the control of animal diseases were specified by the act. Besides the main text on the control of diseases and meat inspection the act also contains elements of food law, some norms concerning public law and order (e.g. requirements concerning dogs) and even some regulations on animal protection.     

Protective measures taken with regard to BSE under veterinary law

BSE was established for the first time in 1986 as a separate disease complex. Since 1989 measures to protect human and animal health have been adopted at Community level and under German law. The article describes the most important provisions governing the prevention, control and eradication of TSE. It addresses in detail the ban on feeding, active monitoring of BSE, active monitoring of small ruminants, measures taken after the detection of BSE, the removal and destruction of specified risk material and briefly addresses trade bans and restrictions.     

Assessment of the likelihood of the introduction of foot-and-mouth disease through importation of live animals into the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar peninsula

OBJECTIVE: To assess the likelihood of an introduction of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) into the Malaysia-Thailand-Myanmar (MTM) peninsula through terrestrial movement of livestock. ANIMALS: 89,294 cattle and buffalo legally moved into the MTM peninsula. PROCEDURES: A quantitative risk assessment was conducted by use of a stochastic simulation. Patterns of livestock movement were ascertained through review of relevant governmental records and regulations and by interviewing farmers, traders, and local officers when the records did not exist. Parameters identified in the process were the probabilities of livestock having FMD and of FMD infection going undetected during import processes. The probability of an animal accepted for import having FMD was also assessed. Sensitivity analysis was performed to determine the effects that each parameter had on the model. RESULTS: The simulation yielded an average consignment prevalence of 10.95%. Typically, each animal in a quarantine facility had a 2.7% chance of having an inapparent form of FMD infection; hence, it was likely an animal would not be identified as infected. Findings revealed that the mean probability of an animal accepted for import having FMD was 2.9%, and the risk was as high as 11%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the model allowed for the evaluation of movement regulations currently imposed in the MTM peninsula. Evidence from the study suggested that current practices in animal movement were far from efficient in preventing introduction of FMD-infected animals into the MTM region, and additional measures will be necessary.     

A survey to determine public opinion about the ethics and governance of farm animal welfare

OBJECTIVE: To determine the attitude of the public toward farm animal welfare and identify beliefs regarding how decisions about farm animal welfare should be made. DESIGN: Telephone survey. STUDY POPULATION: A random sample of 1,019 US households. PROCEDURES: US households were contacted by telephone and asked to take part in a survey consisting of 48 items. RESULTS: A majority (437/773 [56.4%]) of respondents believed decisions about farm animal welfare should be made by experts rather than being based on the views of the public. Such advocates of expert decision making were less likely to believe the government should regulate farm animal welfare. Most (420/773 [54.3%]) respondents believed decisions about farm animal welfare should be based on scientific measures of animal well-being, as opposed to moral and ethical considerations. Those individuals who believed farm animal welfare decisions should be made by experts and be based on scientific measures were the least concerned about farm animal welfare issues. People who believed animal welfare decisions should be made by experts and be based on scientific measures were most responsive to information about use of gestation crates for sows. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These results should help increase recognition that changing public opinion is not simply a matter of convincing the public to support positions established by veterinarians and animal scientists. People's views about the role of the democratic process in regulating technologic change are important determinants of whether people accept the changes in animal agriculture that have occurred during the past century.     

Emerging and exotic zoonotic disease preparedness and response in the United States - coordination of the animal health component

For the response to a zoonotic disease outbreak to be effective, animal health authorities and disease specialists must be involved. Animal health measures are commonly directed at known diseases that threaten the health of animals and impact owners. The measures have long been applied to zoonotic diseases, including tuberculosis and brucellosis, and can be applied to emerging diseases. One Health (veterinary, public, wildlife and environmental health) and all-hazards preparedness work have done much to aid interdisciplinary understanding and planning for zoonotic diseases, although further improvements are needed. Actions along the prevention, preparedness, response and recovery continuum should be considered. Prevention of outbreaks consists largely of import controls on animals and animal products and biosecurity. Preparedness includes situational awareness, research, tool acquisition, modelling, training and exercises, animal movement traceability and policy development. Response would include detection systems and specialized personnel, institutions, authorities, strategies, methods and tools, including movement control, depopulation and vaccination if available and appropriate. The specialized elements would be applied within a general (nationally standardized) system of response. Recovery steps begin with continuity of business measures during the response and are intended to restore pre-event conditions. The surveillance for novel influenza A viruses in swine and humans and the preparedness for and response to the recent influenza pandemic illustrate the cooperation possible between the animal and public health communities.     

The eradication of BSE: a touch stone for the veterinary services

The eradication of BSE is proving to be a lengthy task. Undisputedly, it has become one of the highest priority tasks of the Veterinary Services in Europe since the disease first occurred in the mid eighties. However, the effects of the ongoing eradication effort also impair important economic agricultural sectors. Risk analysis has never before been such a critical tool in the decision-making processes for eradication of animal diseases, despite the problem that many risk analyses are being conducted in the face of incomplete knowledge about BSE. In the focus are the measures minimizing the risk for humans (such as the ban on specified risk material) and the measures implemented to prevent the spread of the disease in animals with the ban on feeding meat and bone meal to ruminants. Due to the long incubation period, implementation of insufficient measures may not be noticed for many years. Implementation of drastic measures is needed, if the eradication of the disease is to be pursued purposefully.     

Quantitative analysis of transmission parameters for bluetongue virus serotype 8 in Western Europe in 2006

ABSTRACT: The recent bluetongue virus serotype 8 (BTV-8) epidemic in Western Europe struck hard. Controlling the infection was difficult and a good and safe vaccine was not available until the spring of 2008. Little was known regarding BTV transmission in Western Europe or the efficacy of control measures. Quantitative details on transmission are essential to assess the potential and efficacy of such measures.To quantify virus transmission between herds, a temporal and a spatio-temporal analysis were applied to data on reported infected herds in 2006. We calculated the basic reproduction number between herds (Rh: expected number of new infections, generated by one initial infected herd in a susceptible environment). It was found to be of the same order of magnitude as that of an infection with Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in The Netherlands, e.g. around 4. We concluded that an average day temperature of at least 15°C is required for BTV-8 transmission between herds in Western Europe. A few degrees increase in temperature is found to lead to a major increase in BTV-8 transmission.We also found that the applied disease control (spatial zones based on 20 km radius restricting animal transport to outside regions) led to a spatial transmission pattern of BTV-8, with 85% of transmission restricted to a 20 km range. This 20 km equals the scale of the protection zones. We concluded that free animal movement led to substantial faster spread of the BTV-8 epidemic over space as compared to a situation with animal movement restrictions.     

A novel method to identify herds with an increased probability of disease introduction due to animal trade

In the design of surveillance, there is often a desire to target high risk herds. Such risk-based approaches result in better allocation of resources and improve the performance of surveillance activities. For many contagious animal diseases, movement of live animals is a main route of transmission, and because of this, herds that purchase many live animals or have a large contact network due to trade can be seen as a high risk stratum of the population. This paper presents a new method to assess herd disease risk in animal movement networks. It is an improvement to current network measures that takes direction, temporal order, and also movement size and probability of disease into account. In the study, the method was used to calculate a probability of disease ratio (PDR) of herds in simulated datasets, and of real herds based on animal movement data from dairy herds included in a bulk milk survey for Coxiella burnetii. Known differences in probability of disease are easily incorporated in the calculations and the PDR was calculated while accounting for regional differences in probability of disease, and also by applying equal probability of disease throughout the population. Each herd's increased probability of disease due to purchase of animals was compared to both the average herd and herds within the same risk stratum. The results show that the PDR is able to capture the different circumstances related to disease prevalence and animal trade contact patterns. Comparison of results based on inclusion or exclusion of differences in risk also highlights how ignoring such differences can influence the ability to correctly identify high risk herds. The method shows a potential to be useful for risk-based surveillance, in the classification of herds in control programmes or to represent influential contacts in risk factor studies.     

营养物质对鱼类食欲的影响

寻找理想鱼粉替代物是近20年动物营养学的研究热点之一,尽管在肉食性鱼类中鱼粉替代物因适口性差、消化率低、氨基酸不平衡和存在抗营养因子等原因导致其替代比例较低,然而,随着鱼粉供求关系的进一步不平衡,替代鱼粉已成为肉食性鱼类养殖可持续发展的必然要求。因此,如何提高肉食性鱼类对鱼粉替代物的利用率成为了鱼粉替代研究的瓶颈。本文从食欲的角度,综述各种营养物质对食欲的影响,以便利用营养措施来人为调控鱼类的食欲,从而提高饲料利用率。