犬瘟热病毒细胞受体研究进展

犬瘟热病毒是一种引起犬类、毛皮动物、野生动物和部分海洋哺乳动物发生多系统感染的病毒性传染病。犬瘟热的宿主范围和组织嗜性主要由其感染动物的细胞表面受体决定。目前,已经确认的犬瘟热受体有信号淋巴细胞激活因子。为了更好地对犬瘟热病毒的受体进行研究,就当前犬瘟热病毒的受体研究进行综述。     

犬瘟热防治及体会

<正>犬瘟热也称硬胶垫病、狗瘟。犬瘟热病毒(CDV)在分类上属副粘病毒科,是单股的RNA病毒,外面有一脂蛋白囊膜。犬瘟热病毒的自然宿主是犬科动物和鼬科动物。感染犬临床表现为呼吸道、消化道症状,也常见神经症状。犬瘟热的严重程度和死亡率与有无继发感染相关。大部分犬在感染3～4周出现神经症状死     

犬瘟热病毒的新宿主

<正>犬瘟热(Canine distemper, CD)是犬瘟热病毒感染引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,可引起大批犬、狐、貉和貂等动物发病,死亡率30-80%,雪貂高达100%。犬瘟热病毒属于副粘病毒科麻疹病毒属的有囊膜的单股负链不分节段的RNA病毒,食肉目动物是犬瘟热病毒的主要宿主,近年来,随着生态环境的变化,CDV对动物流行因素的适应,病毒的变异使其自然感染宿主范围在不断扩大,即使在     

犬瘟热的流行及发病特点

犬瘟热（CD）是由犬瘟热病毒（CDV）感染引起的急性、高度接触性传染病。犬瘟热病毒在分类上属于副粘病毒科,是单股的RNA病毒,外面有一脂蛋白囊膜。犬瘟热病毒的自然宿主是犬科动物和鼬科动物。感染犬临床表现为呼吸道和消化道症状,也常见神经症状。本病在世界范围内流行，是当前世界养犬业乃至毛皮动物养殖业和野生动物保护方面危害最大的疾病之一。     

麻疹病毒细胞受体研究进展

麻疹病毒是一种引起儿童急性呼吸道感染的传染病,属于副黏病毒科麻疹病毒属,同属的还包括犬瘟热病毒、牛瘟病毒等。细胞受体是病毒入侵易感细胞和启动感染的关键。目前,3种蛋白质分子——膜辅蛋白CD46、信号淋巴细胞激活因子SLAM和细胞黏附分子Nectin-4已经被证实是介导麻疹病毒入侵易感染细胞和启动感染的受体。论文综述了麻疹病毒3种细胞受体的研究进展,对深入了解病毒与宿主间的相互关系及有针对性地进行抗病毒药物、疫苗研制具有重大意义。     

犬瘟热的综合防治方法

犬瘟热也称硬胶垫病,犬瘟热病毒(CDV)在分类上属于副粘病毒科,是单股的RNA病毒,外面有脂蛋白囊膜.犬瘟热病毒的自然宿主是犬科动物和鼬科动物.感染犬有呼吸道或消化道症状,也常见神经症状.本病的严重程度和死亡率与有无继发感染相关.大部分患犬感染3～4星期出现神经症状死亡,是发病率高、死亡率高、危害严重的犬传染病之一.据统计,宠物医院就诊的多数病例中,疑似犬瘟热占门诊病例13.9％,死亡率15.2％,治愈率84.7％.     

犬瘟热的研究进展

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒(CDV)引起的高度接触性传染病,危害极大。CDV结构蛋白的一些特性决定着它的感染力,同时其细胞受体也在感染中起关键作用。CDV感染引起动物上皮细胞、淋巴细胞病变和神经系统损伤,由此出现犬瘟热特征性症状。CDV血清学检测是当前临床上最常用、最主要的确诊方法,分子生物学诊断方法也越来越显示出很多     

犬瘟热研究进展

犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒引起的一种高发传染病,宿主范围包括大部分食肉目动物。犬瘟热病毒可以感染不同器官和组织的上皮细胞、间质细胞、神经内分泌细胞及造血干细胞,引发全身型或神经型的临床过程,并在中枢神经系统和淋巴组织中形成持续感染,免疫抑制和脱髓鞘性脑脊髓炎是代表性的病症,而淋巴细胞介导的细胞毒性作用的缺乏则与病毒在中枢神经系统的持续感染有关。犬瘟热发病机制与病理学的研究对于犬瘟热的免疫预防和临床诊治有重要的意义。     

犬瘟热诊断方法的研究进展

概述了犬瘟热的细胞生物学与分子生物学诊断方法.在细胞生物学方面,对犬瘟热的诊断主要依靠病毒分离培养、动物回归试验、包涵体检查、病毒电镜形态检查、病毒特异性抗原及其抗体的检查等.随着分子生物学的发展,国内外相继建立起CDV核酸杂交诊断法、RT-PCR诊断法和real-time PCR诊断法、这些方法比传统诊断法具有更高的敏感性和特异性,尤其在犬瘟热的发病早期,机体尚未产生免疫应答时RT-PCR诊断法便能够作出早期诊断.     

Real-time RT-PCR和RT-PCR方法快速检测犬瘟热病毒

由犬瘟热病毒(CDV)引起的犬瘟热(CD),是犬的一种高度接触性、急性传染病[1].CDV感染范围广泛,自然宿主包括犬科动物(犬、狼、豺、狐等),鼬科动物(貂、臭鼬、黄鼠狼等),浣熊科动物(浣熊、小熊猫、大熊猫等),还可感染灵长类动物(如日本猕猴等),甚至有CDV感染人的病例.除病毒分离、病理包涵体检查、血清学检测、核酸探针、原位杂交等方法外,RT-PCR方法是目前检测CDV最常用的方法[1-3].     

Canine distemper virus associated proliferation of canine footpad keratinocytes in vitro

Infection of canine footpads with canine distemper virus (CDV) can result in so-called hard pad disease characterized by footpad epidermal proliferation and hyperkeratosis. Cultured canine footpad keratinocytes (CFK) were inoculated with a virulent canine distemper virus strain (A75/17-CDV) to study the effects of CDV-infection on keratinocyte proliferation. Infection was analyzed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for CDV nucleoprotein (N-protein) antigen and mRNA. CDV caused a persistent, non-cytocidal infection with spread from single cells to infection of the confluent cell layer 7 days post infection (p.i.). Absolute cell numbers were significantly higher in infected cultures compared to control cultures from day 4 until day 6 p.i. Infected cultures contained significantly more total DNA on day 5 p.i. compared to controls. Immunohistochemical investigation of proliferation markers Ki67 and BrdU demonstrated a nearly two-fold increase in numbers of positive cells on day 5 p.i. compared to controls. These findings demonstrate that canine distemper virus infection of canine footpad keratinocytes in vitro was associated with proliferation.     

犬瘟热诊断技术的研究进展

近年来,犬瘟热已严重危害了犬及毛皮动物养殖业的健康发展,快速、准确的诊断技术对于犬瘟热的预防显得尤为重要。现阶段犬瘟热诊断技术的研究主要有病毒分离培养与镜检观察、酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、免疫组化、免疫胶体金、核酸杂交、巢式RT-PCR、实时荧光定量RT-PCR、双重PCR、基因芯片、液相芯片、环介导等温扩增等。获得能产生典型细胞病变的易感细胞株是成功进行犬瘟热病毒分离培养与镜检观察的关键。作者就犬瘟热诊断技术的研究进展作一综述,为有效预防和控制犬瘟热的流行和暴发提供简便、高效的检测技术。     

Research Progress on Diagnostic Technique of Canine Distemper

In recent years, canine distemper is a serious damage to health development of dog and fur animal breeding industry.Fast and accurate diagnostic technique is particularly important for canine distemper prevention.At the present stage, canine distemper diagnostic techniques mainly include virus isolation, culture and microscopy observation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), immunohistochemistry, immune colloidal gold technique, nucleic acid hybridization technique, nested RT-PCR, Real-time fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR, double PCR, gene chip technology, liquid phase chip technology, loop-mediated isothermal amplification technology, and so on.The key of isolation, culture and microscopy observation of canine distemper virus is to obtain a susceptible cell lines that can produce typical CPE.We review research progress on diagnostic techniques of canine distemper, so as to provide simple and highly effective detecting technique for preventing and controlling epidemic and outbreak of canine distemper.     

Immunoperoxidase study of canine distemper virus pneumonia

Forty-two cases of canine pneumonia were examined for the presence of canine distemper virus. For that purpose canine distemper virus inclusion bodies were located. The histopathological lesions were related to the presence of canine distemper antigen, as demonstrated with an immunoperoxidase technique. This technique was more sensitive for detecting canine distemper infection in lung tissue than was the study of inclusion bodies. Attention was also paid to combined infection with canine adenovirus and Bordetella bronchiseptica.     

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in acute canine distemper virus infection

Demyelination is the prominent histopathological hallmark in the acute stage of canine distemper virus infection. Magnetic resonance imaging is an important diagnostic tool in human beings to determine demyelination in the brain, for example in multiple sclerosis. Five young dogs with clinically suspected canine distemper virus infection were subjected to magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. Hyperintense lesions and loss of contrast between grey and white matter were detected in T2-weighted images in the cerebellum and/or in the brainstem of three dogs, which correlated with demyelination demonstrated in histopathological examination. Furthermore, increased signal intensities in T2-weighted images were seen in the temporal lobe of four dogs with no evidence of demyelination. Magnetic resonance imaging seems to be a sensitive tool for the visualisation of in vivo myelination defects in dogs with acute canine distemper virus infection. Postictal oedema and accumulation of antigen positive cells have to be considered an important differential diagnosis.     

犬瘟热病毒研究概况

犬瘟热(CD)是由犬瘟热病毒(CDV)引起的一种急性、高度接触性传染病,流行范围广,发病率、致死率高,临床症状多样。CDV感染宿主广泛,所有日龄的犬都有可能感染。CDV属于副黏病毒科麻疹病毒属,有囊膜包裹的单股负链线性RNA病毒。CDV基因组编码6种蛋白:核衣壳(N)蛋白、磷(P)蛋白、基质膜(M)蛋白、融合(F)蛋白、血凝素(H)蛋白和大(L)蛋白。N、P和L蛋白与病毒复制有关;M蛋白与病毒的装配和出芽有关;F、H蛋白在病毒的侵染过程中起到关键作用。近年来,随着我国宠物业、毛皮经济养殖业的迅速发展,CD在我国的发病率有升高的趋势。论文对CDV分子生物学研究进展进行归纳总结。     

Chronic encephalomyelitis caused by canine distemper virus in a Bengal tiger

A chronic progressive neurologic disease was observed and monitored for 18 months in a young, tamed Bengal tiger. Clinical, serologic, and neuropathologic evidence of canine distemper virus infection was seen. Clinical signs included convulsions, myoclonus, and slowly progressive ataxia. Marked increases in neutralizing antibodies against canine distemper virus were seen in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid. Neuropathologic findings were nonsuppurative meningoencephalomyelitis, with perivascular cuffing, demyelination, and inclusion bodies typical of canine distemper virus. It was concluded that, in light of this case and an earlier report of canine distemper in lion cubs, vaccination of this subgroup of carnivores with a killed vaccine may be beneficial if exposure to other animals susceptible to canine distemper is anticipated.     

急性犬瘟热感染组织脏器的研究

临床中犬瘟热多分为急性和亚急性,3月龄犬多发本病,急性病例和亚急性病例的临床症状和病毒复制的脏器与慢性病例有很大区别。临床上急性病例的病变主要集中在肺脏和淋巴组织,组织病理学可观察到淋巴结炎和多核巨细胞性肺炎。根据免疫组织化学染色结果发现,在犬瘟热急性病例的淋巴结皮质中犬瘟热抗原呈强阳性,且密度很高。而病犬虽然表现出严重的肺炎症状,但在犬的肺脏中犬瘟热病毒抗原阳性反应弱,仅在支气管上皮和少量的巨噬细胞胞浆中观察到。犬瘟热病毒首先在犬的淋巴组织中进行复制、增殖,破坏被膜下淋巴窦和淋巴小节中的T淋巴细胞和B淋巴细胞,影响淋巴组织输出到外周血液循环中的淋巴细胞数量。本研究结果表明,犬瘟热虽然临床上以肺脏病变最严重,但在急性和亚急性病例,犬瘟热病毒主要在淋巴组织的T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞中增殖,故应以淋巴组织作为犬瘟热病毒的主要分离脏器。