苏中地区猪大肠杆菌的耐药性与耐药基因的试验

为分析苏中地区猪大肠杆菌的血清型、耐药谱和毒力基因的关系,从苏中地区猪相关病料中分离出已定型的145株E.coli,其中O_9、O_(45)、O_(107)和O_(139)为优势血清型。采用琼脂稀释法测定其对14种抗菌药的敏感性,通过多重PCR方法检测耐药性最严重的氨基糖苷类和四环素类各4种毒力相关基因。结果显示。几乎所有菌株对氟苯尼考、多西环素和四环素高度耐药,而对头孢曲松高度敏感,其中多重耐药菌株多数耐5种以上药物,常见的多重耐药表型是氟苯尼考/氯霉素/多西环素/四环素/氨苄西林。PCR鉴定结果表明,含有毒力基因的菌株中38%至少具有两个毒力基因,其中EAST1+Stx2e和hlyF+Stx2e比较常见。比较常见的毒力基因为Stx2e和EAST1,STb基因仅在一株菌中检测到。     

宠物源大肠杆菌的血清型和毒力基因及耐药性调查

为研究宠物源致病性大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)的血清型、毒力基因和耐药性之间的相关性,本研究由健康和患病犬、猫直肠拭子样品中分离177株E.coli,并采用玻片凝集法鉴定其血清型,结果显示分离株中定型菌株135株,分别属于20个不同的血清型,其中O1、O2和O8为主要的流行血清型。PCR方法检测11种毒力相关基因,并采用琼脂稀释法测定分离菌株对14种抗菌药的敏感性,结果表明3个血清型的菌株拥有相似的耐药表型,但毒力基因谱不同。62%的分离菌株携带fimH基因,并且毒力基因组合iroN+hlyF、iroN+fimH和traT+sitA比较流行。55%的O1血清型携带fimH基因,并且多数耐受四环素、多西环素、头孢噻吩和庆大霉素;20.8%的O2血清型菌株携带traT和sitA基因;50%的O8血清型携带traT和fimH基因。3个血清型分离菌株多数对安普霉素和阿米卡星敏感。     

内蒙古呼和浩特地区牛源致病性大肠杆菌的血清型、毒力基因检测及耐药性分析

为鉴定内蒙古呼和浩特地区奶牛肠道致病性大肠杆菌(E.coli)分离株的血清型、毒力基因和耐药性,本研究分别采用接种小鼠试验、玻片凝集试验、PCR方法及药敏纸片法测定E.coli分离株的致病性、血清型分布、8种毒力基因及对20种抗生素的敏感性。结果表明,从内蒙古奶牛场采集的100份粪便样品中鉴定出50株致病性E.coli(50%)。定型的24株致病性E.coli的血清型共10种,以O18、O146和O152为优势血清型,共14株,占定型菌株的58.3%。50株致病性E.coli中,毒力基因irp2、eae A、stx1、stx2和hly A的检出率分别为100%、50%、14%、10%和8%。另外,所有血清型菌株对受试的抗菌药物呈多重耐药性,并且均耐受青霉素、四环素、多西环素、利福平、复方新诺明和阿莫西林6种抗生素,而且全部含有毒力基因irp2。本研究结果为牛源致病性E.coli病的防控和临床用药提供了实验依据。     

水貂源致病性大肠杆菌生物被膜形成能力、耐药性及毒力岛基因检测与分析

为探索水貂肠道致病性大肠杆菌(E.coli)生物被膜(BF)形成能力、耐药性、毒力岛基因分布及其之间可能存在的相关性,本研究对收集的临床分离鉴定的54株致病性E.coli,采用结晶紫染色定量法测定体外BF形成能力,K-B法药敏试验检测对10种常见抗菌药物的敏感性,PCR检测毒力岛代表基因。结果显示,54株E.coli BF形成阳性率为90.7%,以强阳性为主;分离株对氨苄西林、环丙沙星、青霉素和四环素的耐药率分别为100%、97.5%、92.5%和90%,对多黏菌素B的耐药率最低为17.5%,多数菌株呈现多重耐药,其中对6种以上抗菌药物耐药的占92.6%。毒力岛基因irp2和eae阳性率均为7.4%,未检测到SGI基因。这些分离株普遍具有较强BF形成能力,并呈现多重耐药性,BF形成能力与菌株对呋喃妥因、环丙沙星及氟苯尼考的耐药性呈正相关,但未发现和毒力基因分布率存在明显相关性。     

北京地区健康鸭肠道大肠杆菌血清型鉴定和耐药性分析

为了解北京地区北京鸭肠道大肠杆菌分离株的血清型和耐药情况,从北京市周边地区的散养鸭场采集健康北京鸭的泄殖腔拭子100份,通过细菌分离纯化、PCR鉴定,共分离鉴定出78株大肠杆菌,对其进行分子分群、药敏试验以及血清型检测。结果显示:分离的78株大肠杆菌中A群、B1群、B2群、D群分别占48.72%、10.26%、15.38%和25.64%;有66株分别属于13个血清型,其中O4、O6、O8、O75和O88血清型分离株均大于10%,为优势血清型;分离株对氨苄西林、阿莫西林克拉维酸、氯霉素、恩诺沙星、多西环素、四环素、氟苯尼考等16种抗生素均表现出不同程度的耐药性,对4种以上抗生素耐药的菌株占94.87%,呈现严重的多重耐药性。综上所述,北京地区健康北京鸭肠道内的大肠杆菌分子分群各不相同,多重耐药现象严重,同时血清型众多,应该加强散养户鸭源大肠杆菌耐药性和血清型的监测。     

上海地区猪源大肠杆菌血清型及其毒力因子分布调查

对上海地区分离的199株猪源大肠杆菌分离株进行血清型鉴定和毒力因子检测,使用大肠杆菌标准抗O因子血清进行玻片凝集试验;采用普通和多重PCR方法,对分离株进行STa、STb、LT、Stx2e等4种肠毒素和K88、K99、987P、F18、F41等5种黏附素检测。结果:199株猪源大肠杆菌分离株有110株鉴定出血清型,占检测菌株的55.28%,覆盖了30种血清型,优势血清型为O8、O45、O64、O78、O138、O157、O163、O7+O8,占定型菌株的60%。共有32株大肠杆菌检测到毒力因子,阳性率为16.08%,检测出9种毒力因子。其中有21株单独检测到肠毒素,占65.63%,STa和STb+LT阳性的菌株分别为14和4;6株单独检测到黏附素,3株菌株K99阳性;5株同时检测到肠毒素和黏附素。在32株毒力基因阳性的大肠杆菌中,有15株血清型定型,覆盖7种血清型,其中O138、O7+O8与肠毒素STa相关,O8、O45与STb+LT相关。研究表明,上海地区猪源大肠杆菌分离株优势血清型至少覆盖了包括O8、O45、O64、O78、O138、O163等在内的8种血清型;大肠杆菌分离株以产肠毒素为主,主要毒力因子包括黏附素K99和肠毒素STa、STb+LT等。     

多重PCR方法检测鸭源产志贺氏毒素大肠杆菌

为了检测产志贺毒素大肠杆菌(STEC)在鸭源大肠杆菌中的分布情况,本研究建立检测STEC的多重PCR方法,针对STEC特有的毒力基因stx1、stx2、h&A和eaeA筛选了4对引物,通过对PCR反应条件的优化、特异性和灵敏度的检测,建立检测STEC的多重PCR,并应用该方法调查254株鸭源致病性E.coli和115株外表健康鸭的泄殖腔分离的E.coli中STEC的分布情况.在254株鸭源致病性E.coli中检测出6株STEC,从外表健康鸭的泄殖腔分离的115株E.coil中未检测到STEC.检出的STEC的血清型分别为O36、O60、O77、O78、O158和O7 & O92.本实验建立的检测STEC的多重PCR方法特异性好、灵敏度高;对鸭源E.coli的检测结果证实鸭致病性大肠杆菌中存在STEC菌株,分布频率较低,但其血清型具有广泛的宿主源,存在引起人类疾病的可能性.     

致狐狸肺炎大肠杆菌血清鉴定与毒力基因检测

为了确定狐狸肺炎源致病性大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)流行血清型与毒力基因的携带情况并分析其相关性,2016—2017年采集河北省部分地区患肺炎死亡的狐狸的肺脏、心血等组织142份中分离到了105株E.coli,且RT-PCR检测犬瘟热病毒为阴性,人工感染小鼠致病性试验结果显示105株分离菌株中77株为致病性E.coli。采用玻片凝集试验和PCR方法分别检测77株致病性E.coli血清型和毒力基因,结果显示:77株致病性E.coli有9种血清型,其中以O1、O8、O78、O12为流行的优势致病血清型,77株致病性E.coli携带14种不同毒力基因,以irp2、fyuA、papC、fimC、iucD^a、colv、hlyF、ompT 8种毒力基因检出率较高,在32.5%～98.7%之间,其余毒力基因检出率较低。狐狸肺炎源致病性E.coli的优势血清型携带的毒力基因较多,至少携带9种毒力基因,流行的优势血清型与毒力基因之间具有一定的相关性。狐狸肺炎源E.coli流行血清型代表株TS(O1)1、QH(O8)2、QH(O78)3、TS(O12)4均对狐狸很强的致病性。本试验为狐狸肺炎源致病性E.coli防控提供了参考依据。     

鸡致病性E.coli地方株血清型的鉴定、毒力基因及致病性检测

为了研究河北秦皇岛地区鸡致病性大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli,E.coli)地方流行株的优势血清型、毒力基因和致病性,本研究采用常规鉴定方法和16SrRNA PCR方法,从采集自河北秦皇岛地区不同养鸡场的83份病鸡组织中分离鉴定出56株E.coli。人工感染1日龄雏鸡试验表明,46株分离株为致病性E.coli。采用玻片凝集试验、PCR方法分别测定致病性E.coli分离株的血清型分布和16种毒力基因携带情况。结果显示,定型的42株致病性E.coli分离株包括11种血清型,以O7 8、O89、O142及O1为优势血清型;46株致病性E.coli分离株中以irp2、fuyA、ompT、Iss a、iutA、iroN和hlyF毒力基因检出率较高,在89.1%~100.0%,其他毒力基因检出率为22.0%~72.0%。选择优势血清型代表株QH1(O78)、QH1(O89)、QH1(O142)和QH1(O1)人工感染1日龄雏鸡,计算半数致死量(LD50),确定其致病性。结果表明,QH1(O78)株致病性最强,对1日龄雏鸡的LD50为3.16×106 CFU/mL;对14,49日龄雏鸡的LD50分别为1.07×107,5×108 CFU/mL。本研究为河北秦皇岛地区鸡致病性E.coli地方流行株防控提供试验依据。     

安徽部分地区猪场产肠毒素大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及其生物学特性分析

产肠毒素大肠杆菌(enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli,ETEC)是猪场仔猪黄白痢的重要病原之一。为调查安徽省猪场中ETEC的感染情况,在2018年对该省6个地区的17个规模化猪场的仔猪黄白痢样品进行了ETEC的分离鉴定。结果:经PCR鉴定,在479份病料中分离出110株ETEC菌株。对这些菌株进行血清型、耐药性和致病力分析表明,该110株ETEC菌株共鉴定出13种血清型,以O8、O20、O128为优势血清型。110株ETEC菌株表现出高耐药性,对强力霉素的耐药率高达100%(110/110);对新霉素、红霉素、庆大霉素、阿莫西林、四环素等抗生素的耐药率均高达70%以上,且多数菌株表现出多重耐药,其中9、10重耐药菌株数最多。分别将优势血清型O8、O20、O128菌株对小鼠进行攻毒,结果同一血清型中强毒株数量分别占该血清型菌株总数的50%(55/110)、72.7%(8/11)和66.7%(4/6),表明这些优势血清型菌株的毒力普遍较高。本研究为猪场ETEC引起的仔猪黄白痢的流行病学研究及防控提供一定的参考。     

Detection of numerous verotoxigenic E. coli serotypes, with multiple antibiotic resistance from cattle faeces and soil

Verotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC) belong to a diverse range of serotypes. Serotypes O157 and O26 are predominately identified in VTEC-associated disease in Europe, however due to difficulty in detection little is known about the epidemiology of non-O157 serotypes. This study reports the identification of 7 VTEC serotypes from cattle faeces and soil. Cattle faeces samples (n=128) were taken from animals in 6 different farms, with soil samples (n=20) obtained from 1 farm. After sample incubation in modified tryptone soy broth (mTSB) supplemented with streptomycin sulphate samples were plated onto sorbitol MacConkey (SMAC) also supplemented with streptomycin sulphate. Bacteria detected on the plates were subjected to biochemical testing, antibiotic resistance profiling, and PCR to detect typical virulence genes, beta-lactamase and class 1 integron associated genes. Serotyping was performed on isolates positive for virulence genes. E. coli was identified from 103 samples, with verotoxin genes present in 7 E. coli isolates. Of these 7 isolates, 5 were resistant to 5 or more antibiotics. The isolate resistant to 9 antimicrobials contained a class 1 integron structure. Serotyping identified 7 separate VTEC, O2:H27, O26:H11, O63:H(-), O148:H8, O149:H1, O174:H21 and ONT:H25. Six of these VTEC have been previously associated with human disease, however with the exception of O26:H11, these serotypes have been rarely reported worldwide. Increased surveillance is required to determine the prevalence of these and other non-O157 VTEC. The presence of multi-antibiotic resistance in these isolates is of concern, and the overall implications for public health must be ascertained.     

鸭源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定及致病性分析

【目的】 了解江苏、江西、安徽地区鸭源大肠杆菌的分布以及致病性情况。【方法】 本研究对江苏、江西、安徽地区的病死鸭进行了鸭源大肠杆菌的分离鉴定,运用PCR结合玻片凝集法测定鸭源大肠杆菌分离株的血清型,并进行了18种毒力基因的PCR检测,随后进行雏鸭致病性试验,并对毒力较强和毒力较弱的菌株进行生长曲线以及半数致死量(LD₅₀)测定。【结果】 本研究共分离鉴定获得鸭源大肠杆菌74株,鉴定为O1、O2、O18、O78血清型的分别有1、2、2和4株,其余均未定型;18种毒力基因鉴定结果表明,ibeB、yijp、OmpA和mat基因检出率分别为97.3%、97.3%、95.95%和90.54%。动物致病性试验结果表明,经10⁷ CFU/只攻毒后,74株分离株均引起雏鸭不同程度发病,但仅有2株对雏鸭致死率≥50%。生长曲线测定结果表明,2株强毒株与2株弱毒株的生长速度无显著差异(P>0.05),2株强毒株的LD₅₀分别为10^4.75和10^7.375 CFU。【结论】 本研究分离的74株鸭源大肠杆菌O1、O2、O18和O78型仅占12.16%,毒力基因谱分布广泛,但仅有2株毒力较强,该研究为鸭源大肠杆菌病的预防控制以及研究血清型、毒力基因与致病性之间的相互关系奠定基础。     

Rapid identification of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates associated with diarrhoea in Queensland piggeries

OBJECTIVE: To identify virulence genes in enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC) isolates associated with diarrhoea in neonatal, 1 to 3 week-old and weaned pigs in southeast Queensland. DESIGN: Multiplex PCR and serotyping were applied to E coli isolates obtained over a 5-year period (1998-2002) from cases diagnosed at Toowoomba Veterinary Laboratory. PROCEDURE: A total of 126 isolates from 25 different Queensland piggeries were tested for haemolytic activity on 5% sheep blood agar and by multiplex PCR for the presence of five commonly recognised fimbrial (F4, F5, F6, F41 and F18) and three enterotoxin genes (STa, STb, LT). A subset of 62 representative isolates were serotyped by slide agglutination. For comparative purposes, multiplex PCR was also performed on the DNA of 31 ETEC isolates from 9 serotypes originating from piggeries in southern New South Wales. RESULTS: A total of 113 (89.7%) of the isolates from Queensland possessed ETEC virulence genes, including 14 of 15 isolates from neonatal pigs (93.3%), 18 of 23 isolates from 1 to 3 week old pigs (78.3%) and 81 of 88 isolates from weaned pigs (92.1%). F4:STa:STb:LT (serotype O149) was the most prevalent pathotype in neonatal and 1-3 week old pigs and F4:STa:STb:LT (serotype O149) and F18:STa:STb:LT (serotype O141) were most prevalent in weaned pigs. In comparison, isolates obtained from neonatal pigs from New South Wales belonged to a more diverse range of pathotypes and serotypes. CONCLUSION: Multiplex PCR was a rapid and specific method for detecting the presence of ETEC virulence genes in porcine E coli isolates. For isolates obtained from cases of suspected colibacillosis in Queensland, growth of a heavy pure culture of haemolytic E coli was a sensitive prognostic indicator of the presence of ETEC virulence genes in the isolate. ETEC pathotypes and serotypes remained stable in Queensland piggeries over the five-year study period and appear to have changed little over the last three decades.     

马乳源大肠杆菌的毒力基因检测和耐药性分析

[目的] 了解新疆伊犁地区某马场乳源大肠杆菌的毒力基因携带情况和药物敏感性。[方法] 对采集到的85份马乳进行大肠杆菌的分离纯化、染色镜检、特异性基因phoA的扩增和16S rDNA测序;采用K-B纸片扩散法药敏试验分析马乳源大肠杆菌的耐药性;采用PCR技术检测马乳源大肠杆菌携带的毒力基因、耐药基因及鉴定其所属系统发育群,对大肠杆菌进行生物被膜形成能力检测。[结果] 从85份马乳中分离得到6株大肠杆菌,其中3株为A群,3株为B1群;6株大肠杆菌均对青霉素和替米考星耐药;均携带ibeB、yijP、mat、sodA和csgA毒力基因;均未检测到耐药基因;有4株具有生物膜形成能力。[结论] 对新疆伊犁地区某马场马乳源大肠杆菌进行初步的毒力基因检测和耐药性分析,发现其对青霉素和替米考星耐药严重,并携带多种毒力基因,具有一定的潜在致病风险。     

新疆地区腹泻仔猪源大肠杆菌的分群、血清型鉴定及耐药性分析

旨在了解新疆地区腹泻仔猪源大肠杆菌的系统进化分群、血清型及耐药性。本研究对154份腹泻仔猪粪便样品进行大肠杆菌的分离鉴定,采用多重PCR方法对分离株进行系统进化分群和O血清型鉴定,通过K-B纸片法对其进行药物敏感性检测并通过PCR方法进行耐药基因检测。结果显示：共分离到154株大肠杆菌,包括ETEC(n=24)、STEC(n=21)、EPEC(n=1)、EPEC/STEC(n=2)、ETEC/STEC(n=1)和ETEC/EPEC(n=1),其他104株。系统进化分群显示,多数菌株属于B1(37%)和A群(31%)。定型菌株44株,分别属于10种血清型,以O154、O12、O8、O141和O175为主要流行血清型。151株(98%)为多重耐药菌,对复方新诺明、四环素、氨苄西林、链霉素和氯霉素的耐药率为81%～100%,对阿莫西林/克拉维酸、头孢噻肟、庆大霉素、头孢曲松、环丙沙星和阿米卡星的耐药率为31%～66%,对左氧氟沙星、多黏菌素B、头孢他啶、头孢吡肟、氨苄西林-舒巴坦、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦和亚胺培南的耐药率为1%～19%。耐药基因tetA(88%)、tetG(60%)和cmlA(4...     

鸭源致病性大肠杆菌O抗原与毒力基因检测及药敏试验

【目的】探究荣昌、大足和隆昌三地鸭大肠杆菌分离株的O抗原、毒力基因及耐药性。【方法】将2014年—2021年鸭病料中分离得到的107株细菌在无菌条件下接种于麦康凯培养基中划线进行培养纯化,通过16S rDNA基因扩增测序和生化试验进行细菌鉴定,采用PCR技术对O抗原和16种毒力基因进行检测,采用Kirby-Bauer纸片扩散法进行药敏试验。【结果】107株分离株鉴定为大肠杆菌;O抗原鉴定试验鉴定出9种O抗原,其中优势抗原为O78(37.00%)、O7(25.00%),O121和O145(均为15.00%),并检测到5株O78+O145和O7+O145融合株;共检测出11种毒力因子,其中强致病性毒力基因有Tsh基因(检出率为25.23%)、fyuA基因(检出率为31.78%)、estB基因(检出率为31.78%)、Vat基因(检出率为2.80%)、iucA基因(检出率为44.56%)。3种毒力基因ompA、yijP和ibeB的携带率最高,分别为100.00%、96.26%和85.98%;药敏试验结果表明分离株对氨基糖苷类药物、米诺环素和多黏菌素最为敏感,对大环内酯类药物和克林霉素耐药,分离株均为多重耐药菌,30.00%的分离株表现为7重耐药。【结论】本研究鉴定到107株鸭源致病性大肠杆菌,其致病性和耐药性较强,毒力基因携带情况和耐药性检测发现大肠杆菌的致病力与其耐药性存在一定关系;O抗原检测发现了5株新型O抗原融合株,优势O抗原不断变化,说明西南地区大肠杆菌遗传结构正发生变化,可能存在新的菌体抗原。本研究结果为中国西南地区鸭大肠杆菌病防控及疫苗制备提供依据。     

Characteristics and virulence genes of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Escherichia coli</Emphasis> isolated from septicemic calves in southeast of Iran

Virulence factors are associated with the capacity of E. coli strains to cause intestinal and extraintestinal infections. Thirty one E. coli isolates were obtained from heart blood or internal organs of septicemic calves. The O serogroups of isolates were determined. PCR assays were performed to determine the phylogenetic groups and presence of specific virulence genes. Fourteen (45.16%) isolates belonged to seven O serogroups (O8, O15, O20, O45, O78, O101 and O103) and 17 (54.83%) isolates were O-nontypeable. E. coli isolates fall into three phylogenetic groups included 15 isolates belonged to B1, 9 to A and 7 to D phylogenetic groups. Nineteen (61.29%) isolates exhibited at least one of the virulence genes. F17 family (5 isolates f17b, 3 isolates f17c, 1 isolate f17a) genes and aerobactin encoding gene of iucD (5 isolates) were the two most prevalent virulence genes. Three isolates were positive for cnf2 and cdtIII genes in combination and they were O-nontypeable. AfaE-VIII, CS31A gene (clpG) and hemolysin encoding gene (hly) were detected in 3, 4 and 3 isolates respectively. None of the isolates contained the ipaH sequences and the genes encoding fimbria (F5, F41, S, P), AfaI adesin, toxins (LT-I, ST-I, SLT-I, SLT-II, CNF1 and CDT-IV) and intimin.     

福建省漳州市罗非鱼无乳链球菌分离鉴定及毒力基因和耐药性研究

【目的】 明确福建漳州地区罗非鱼无乳链球菌临床分离株的血清型、毒力基因携带情况与耐药特性,为鱼源无乳链球菌研究提供新的数据。【方法】 于福建省漳州市部分罗非鱼养殖场采集疑似无乳链球菌感染的病鱼样品,通过分离培养、形态观察及生化试验初步分离鉴定病原菌。经由16S rDNA特异性片段引物、16S rDNA通用引物进行PCR鉴定及测序比对鉴定分离株。用PCR方法检测分离株血清型及4个主要毒力基因（cylE、sodA、gapC和scpB基因）分布情况。通过纸片扩散法对分离菌株进行11大类共29种抗菌药物的药敏试验,并进行多重耐药分析。【结果】 分离株菌落呈白色圆形、边缘整齐、表面光滑湿润,呈β溶血;革兰染色阳性,菌体排列为长短不一的链状,单个或成对存在;VP试验、CAMP均为阳性,触酶试验阴性,能发酵海藻糖,均符合无乳链球菌的典型特征,经鉴定共分离获得14株鱼源无乳链球菌。14株分离菌株的血清型均为Ⅰa型。分离株毒力基因cylE、sodA、gapC的检出率均为100%,而毒力基因scpB均未检出。分离菌株对磺胺异噁唑、庆大霉素、卡那霉素耐药率均为100%,对链霉素、新霉素、甲氧胺嘧啶耐药率均>70%。分离株均为多重耐药菌株,6重及以上耐药的菌株占总分离菌株数的78.57%。【结论】 本研究明确了当前福建漳州地区罗非鱼源无乳链球菌的血清型、毒力基因和耐药特性,为进一步研究鱼源无乳链球菌的致病机理和临床有效防控措施提供参考。     

新疆牛、羊和骆驼源产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌的系统进化分群、血清群与毒力基因及耐药性分析

旨在了解新疆牛、羊和骆驼源产志贺毒素大肠埃希菌（Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli,STEC）的系统进化分群、血清群、毒力基因、耐药性及其遗传多样性,本研究采用PCR方法对牛、羊和骆驼源STEC进行了系统发育分群、血清群和毒力基因stx₁、stx₂（包括亚型）、eaeA、hlyA检测,通过K-B纸片法对分离株进行药物敏感性检测,并对其进行ERIC-PCR基因分型。结果表明：94株非O157 STEC以B1群为主,含9个血清群,包括O146（n=14）、O22（n=7）、O3（n=4）、O168（n=4）、O8（n=3）、O167（n=2）、O88（n=1）、O112ab （n=1）和O147（n=1）。毒力基因检测显示,46.8%（44/94）仅携带stx₁,6.4%（6/94）仅携带stx₂,46.8%（44/94）同时携带stx₁+stx₂。羊源STEC以携带stx₁+hlyA为主（68.0%）;牛源STEC以携带stx₁+stx₂+hlyA为主（57.9%）;骆驼源STEC以携带stx₁+hlyA为主（25.0%）。stx_1a主要分布于牛源STEC,stx_1c主要分布于羊源STEC。14株（14.9%）为耐药菌,对头孢他啶、四环素、头孢噻肟、氨苄西林和氨曲南的耐药率为3.2%~5.3%,对复方新诺明、头孢吡肟、哌拉西林-他唑巴坦、氨苄西林-舒巴坦、阿莫西林-克拉维酸和多黏菌素B的耐药率为1.1%~2.1%。ERIC-PCR结果显示牛、羊和骆驼源STEC亲缘关系较近。牛、羊和骆驼携带多种已知血清群STEC,贮存丰富的毒力基因,存在感染人类的风险,应在屠宰加工过程中予以预防和控制。     

Serotypes, virulence genes, intimin types and PFGE profiles of Escherichia coli isolated from piglets with diarrhoea in Slovakia

Two hundred and fifty Escherichia coli isolates from diarrhoeic and healthy piglets were serotyped and tested for the presence of virulence genes for fimbriae, intimin, heat-labile (LT) and heat-stable (STa and STb) enterotoxins, Stx toxins, and enteroaggregative heat-stable 1 (EAST1) enterotoxin by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although 220 isolates from diarrhoeic piglets belonged to 43 O serogroups and 77 O:H serotypes, 60% were of one of the 10 serogroups O2, O8, O15, O54, O84, O101, O141, O147, O149 and O157, and 60% belonged to only 10 serotypes (O8:H-, O54:H-, O84:H7, O101:H-, O141:H-, O141:H4, O147:H-, O149:H10, O163:H-, and ONT:H-). PCR showed that 79% of 220 isolates carried genes for at least one of the virulence factors tested. The gene encoding for EAST1 was the most prevalent (65%) followed by those encoding for STb (49%), LT (42%), STa (13%), and Stx2e (4%). Eighty-three (38%) of the 220 E. coli isolates carried the gene for F4 (K88), whereas genes for F18, F5 (K99), F41, F6 (P987), F17, and intimin (eae) were detected in 9%, 3%, 3%, 3%, 1%, and 3%, respectively. Seropathotype O149:H10:F4:LT/STb/EAST1 (70 isolates) was the most common, representing 32% of isolates. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis with XbaI of 15 O149:H10 representative isolates from diarrhoeic piglets distinguished 14 types. The 15 isolates exhibited a wide variability of distinct restriction patterns though all belonged to the same serotype (O149:H10), and all but one showed identical virulence determinants (F4, LT, STb, and EAST1). Among 30 isolates from healthy piglets only two virulence genes were detected: EAST1 (26%) and eae (17%). In total, 12 isolates were positives for the eae gene: five isolates had intimin beta1, four possessed intimin theta and three showed intimin type xiB. This is believed to be the first study describing the presence of intimin type xiB in E. coli of porcine origin.