犬瘟热病毒小熊猫株(LP)的动物感染试验

将从死亡小熊猫肝脏病料中分离到ＣＤＶ ＬＰ株第９代ＭＤＣＫ细胞培养毒,按不同剂量各接种７只２～３月龄的健康幼犬,接种犬全部发病。于接种后７天时各捕杀２只犬进行检测,电镜检查、ＣＤＶ ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ、ＣＤＶ的分离及中和试验结果均为阳性,说明接种犬发生了ＣＤＶ感染。结合接种犬出现的临床症状及病理解剖学变化结果进行的分析表明,ＣＤＶ ＬＰ株是一株强毒,并且具有很强的免疫原性。人工感染犬试验结果表明某动物园     

孔雀奇异变形杆菌的分离鉴定及遗传进化分析

从信阳地区发病孔雀肝脏中分离到1株致病菌(编号为KQY),通过分离纯化、生化试验,发现其各项检测指标均符合变形杆菌的特点。进一步对该分离菌的16S rRNA片段测序及Blast分析,与奇异变形杆菌参考株同源性为99.3%~99.9%,确定该分离菌为奇异变形杆菌。动物回归试验显示该株为孔雀的致病菌株。     

13株仔猪黄痢病原菌的分离鉴定及致病基因的PCR检测

[目的]对从仔猪黄痢病死仔猪肝脏中分离的13株病原菌进行分离鉴定及其致病基因的PCR扩增,为该病的微生物学诊断及其病原的致病机理探讨提供参考资料。[方法]分别采集死于仔猪黄痢病仔猪肝组织,在麦康凯琼脂上进行病原菌的分离培养、革兰染色镜检、生化试验、DNA模板的制备、致病基因PCR扩增。[结果]从几个猪场采集的仔猪黄痢病死仔猪肝脏中分离到13株病原菌,其中一株为革兰阳性球菌,其余均为革兰阴性短杆菌,经PCR检测结果表明均为产肠毒素大肠杆菌并且均含有HPI~+。[结论]从上述结果可知,从发生仔猪黄痢猪场采集的病死仔猪肝脏中分离的13株病原菌一些为产肠毒素大肠杆菌并且均含有HPI~+,少数肠球菌也可引起仔猪黄痢。     

番鸭1型病毒性肝炎病毒ZJX株分离鉴定及其3D基因序列分析

本研究从广东某养鸭场发病雏番鸭肝脏中分离到1株病毒.利用RT-PCR、基因序列分析、病毒中和试验及动物回归等鉴定为1型鸭病毒性肝炎病毒(DHV-1).3D基因序列分析显示,该毒株与2011年分离自黑龙江的1型DHV Du/CH/LGD/111238和Du/CH/LGD/111239分离株核苷酸同源性最高,达99.6％.分离株F3代尿囊液病毒价为105.5ELD50/0.2 mL,能够被DHV-1阳性血清中和.接种病料研磨上清的鸭胚在接种后3d～5d内全部死亡,胚体充血萎缩侏儒.该分离株人工感染3日龄雏番鸭表现为角弓反张和肝脏肿大出血等与临床病症.结果表明该分离株具有较强的致病性.     

鸡大肠杆菌的分离、鉴定与用药原则

本文对来自本地区不同鸡场的病鸡,通过肝脏进行分离得到18株细菌,通过纯培养、革兰氏染色镜检和三糖铁试验,鉴定为大肠杆菌。对所分离的18株大肠杆菌进行血清学鉴定,其中8株为078,5株为01,2株为02,3株为035。药敏试验结果表明这18株大肠杆菌对卡那霉素和头孢哌酮高度敏感。     

猪链球菌2型与马莲球菌兽疫亚种生物学特性的初步比较

１９９８年从病死猪分离了数株莲球菌,其中２株编号为９８０１、９８０２。经鉴定,９８０１株为猪链球菌２型,９８０２株为马链球菌兽疫亚种。９８０１株系从暴发流行地区的病猪中分离,同时在该流行地区还发生畜禽从业人员感染相同血清型的链球菌而死亡的病例;９８０２株系从散发病猪中分离。临床有共同点,又有各自特点。病理变化均呈现典型的败血症变化,但肝、脾、肺等病变上有一些差别,而染色镜检基本一致。对免均敏感,对     

猪生殖-呼吸道综合征病毒(PRRSV)分离鉴定及其与欧、美PRRSV抗原的比较

在我国吉林省某地猪生殖－呼吸道综合征病毒（ＰＲＲＳＶ）抗体阳性猪群的４头２日龄弱仔猪实质脏器中分离到２株ＰＲＲＳＶ。间接荧光抗体试验（ＩＦＡ）结果表明,ＰＲＲＳＶ（ＬＶ．ＶＲ－２３３２）抗血清与２个分离株呈阳性反应;分离到病毒的弱仔猪血清与参考株（ＬＶ．ＶＲ－２３３２）也呈阳性反应;而分离株与ＨＣＶ、ＰｒＶ、ＰＰＶ、ＴＧＥＶ、ＰＥＤＶ和ＨＥＶ无交叉抗原。以上试验证明,我们已成功地分离到２株地方性ＰＲＲＳＶ。进一步用六种ＰＲＲＳＶ单抗（Ａ～Ｆ）进行ＩＦＡ试验,结果２个分离株与ＶＲ－２３３２的荧光反应谱相同。说明它们之间在抗原结构上具有同源性。     

1株鸭Ⅱ型腺病毒的分离与鉴定

2015年1月在广东省某鸭场分离到1株鸭Ⅱ型腺病毒,该毒株为中国首例鸭Ⅱ型腺病毒。该分离株能在原代鸭胚成纤维细胞内增殖,引起明显的细胞病变。15日龄鸭接种该病毒后呈现出典型的腺病毒感染症状和病理变化,动物回归实验发现攻毒鸭出现明显的包涵体肝炎症状,表现为心脏和肝脏出血肿大,肝脏出现坏死灶。     

新城疫病毒在鸡胚不同组织增殖的研究

不同新城疫病毒Ｆ４８Ｅ８、Ｎ－７９、ＬａＳｏｔａ和分离株Ｘ以１∶１００００稀释接种９日龄ＳＰＦ鸡胚,每胚０．２ｍｌ,结果发现,Ｆ４８Ｅ８和分离株Ｘ毒力较强,可在５０小时左右致死鸡胚,ＬａＳｏｔａ和Ｎ－７９较弱。Ｆ４８Ｅ８和Ｘ株接种鸡胚的肌肉、肝脏、脑和尿囊液均有大量病毒存在,而Ｎ－７９和ＬａＳｏｔａ只在尿囊液中有大量病毒存在,胚体病毒极少。     

两株呼肠病毒一次或反复口服感染鸡的比较

几组ＳＰＦ蛋用杂交鸡一次或反复隔日接种从腱鞘炎鸡分离的禽呼肠病毒Ｒ２或从传染性矮小综合症鸡分离的４９／８２毒株，两种接种方法感染４９／８２株后，两毒株均未引起矮小和腱鞘炎症状和病变，两毒株经两种方法感染均引起跗关节发生相似于呼肠病毒鞘炎的显微变化；反复感染致使小肠中病毒存在时间长于一次感染的，泄殖腔拭了证实了反复感染会使小肠中４９／８２毒量多次于Ｒ２毒株，两毒株在肝脏中生存的时间很短，两种感染方法     

Adenovirus pathogenicity in immature ostriches.

Two group I avian adenoviruses implicated as the possible cause of "fading chick syndrome" in ostriches less than 8 wk of age were isolated in primary chicken embryo liver cells. These viruses were identified by virus neutralization and further characterized by a pathogenicity trial in immature ostriches. The results showed that these isolates were noninfectious in ostrich chicks.     

Search for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Salmonella</Emphasis> spp. in ostrich productive chain of Brazilian southeast region

We analyzed ostriches from an equipped farm located in the Brazilian southeast region for the presence of Salmonella spp. This bacterium was investigated in 80 samples of ostrich droppings, 90 eggs, 30 samples of feed and 30 samples of droppings from rodents. Additionally, at slaughter-house this bacterium was investigated in droppings, caecal content, spleen, liver and carcasses from 90 slaughtered ostriches from the studied farm. Also, blood serum of those animals were harvested and submitted to serum plate agglutination using commercial Salmonella Pullorum antigen. No Salmonella spp. was detected in any eggs, caecal content, liver, spleen, carcass and droppings from ostriches and rodents. However, Salmonella Javiana and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica 4, 12: i:- were isolated from some samples of feed. The serologic test was negative for all samples. Good sanitary farming management and the application of HACCP principles and GMP during the slaughtering process could explain the absence of Salmonella spp. in the tested samples.     

Rhodanese activity in different tissues of the ostrich

1. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the activity, and compare the pattern of distribution, of rhodanese (thiosulphate: cyanide sulphurtransferase, EC. 2.8.1.1) in different tissues of male and female ostriches. 2. Tissue samples from male and female Blue Neck ostriches were assayed for rhodanese activity by the determination of thiocyanate formed by the action of the enzyme on thiosulphate and KCN. 3. Rhodanese was present in all tissues, and the highest activity was observed in the kidney and liver. Other tissues which contained significant activities of rhodanese were the duodenum, pancreas, heart, caecum and rectum. 4. Unlike other birds, the proventiculus does not appear to have an important role in cyanide detoxification in ostrich and, like mammals, the kidney and liver perform this function. 5. The results suggest that the main organs harbouring high rhodanese activity in the ostrich are associated with sites likely to be required in rhodanese mediated cyanide detoxification.     

The true metabolisable energy content of canola oilcake meal and full-fat canola seed for ostriches (Struthio camelus)

1. The true metabolisable energy (TME) of canola oilcake and full-fat canola seed was determined for ostriches to broaden our knowledge of canola as a potential protein and energy source for ostriches. 2. Both test materials were diluted with a basal diet, fed to ostriches and TME-values estimated by multiple regression analysis. 3. The TME values for canola oilcake meal and full-fat canola seed for ostriches were respectively 13.76 MJ kg(-1) and 22.5 MJ kg(-1). 4. The TME values obtained for these 2 important protein sources will assist in the more accurate formulation of diets for ostriches.     

Haematological and immunological variables in a domesticated and wild subspecies of ostrich (Struthio camelus)

1. Domesticated ostriches have been selected rigorously for productive traits with little concern for immunological responses, in contrast to wild ostriches. 2. We hypothesised that the immunological responses of wild and domesticated ostriches would differ. Total leucocyte counts, differential counts, heterophil: lymphocyte ratios, phagocytic activity, lysosome levels and anti-sheep red blood cell (SRBC) antibody titres (total, IgG, IgM) were compared between domesticated (n=3) and wild (n=3) ostrich subspecies. 3. Total leucocytes, lymphocytes and heterophils were similar in the 2 subspecies, but basophils and eosinophils were lower in the wild than in the domesticated ostriches. Lysosome concentrations and phagocytic activities were higher in the wild ostriches. 4. Total and IgM antibody titres to SRBC reached peak values quicker in the domesticated than in wild ostriches. IgG development patterns were similar. 5. The results suggest that a stronger non-specific immune response was shown by the wild ostriches (higher phagocytosis and lysozymes) whereas a stronger specific immune response was shown by the domesticated ostriches (peak values of anti-SRBC antibody titres were reached more quickly).     

Reference blood chemical values in ostriches (Struthio camelus)

Reference blood chemical values were determined for 65 male and 61 female ostriches (Struthio camelus) 1 month to 72 months of age. Plasma values of glucose, total protein, triglycerides, cholesterol, uric acid, urea, bilirubin, creatinine, osmolality, electrolytes, and enzyme activity were determined. In general, differences in various values appeared mainly among age groups and less so between sexes. Older ostriches had lower plasma glucose values and enzyme activity than did younger ostriches. High plasma sodium and chloride concentrations in young ostriches correlated with high plasma osmolalities. Plasma calcium values were lower in laying ostriches. Uric acid concentrations were markedly higher than were urea concentrations in all ostriches.     

Growth in the ostrich (Struthio camelus var. domesticus)

The use of the ostrich as a livestock animal necessitates an understanding of its ability to utilize specific nutrient requirements if efficient growth is to be realized. Male ostriches may have to be raised separately as they grow faster; they require higher protein diets and are more efficient feed converters for longer periods than female ostriches. Male ostriches exhibit slightly faster maturation rates than female ostriches. The corresponding age at which maximum growth is attained is 181 days for male ostriches and 199 days for female ostriches. The growth curve of ostriches is sigmoid and asymptotic. Body mass reached in 1 year is approximately 104 kg. The metabolic age of ostriches at hatching is approximately 13.7 days. Feed conversion has an impact on growth. The ostrich chick (aged <2 months) has a high feed conversion to body mass ratio of 2:1, which requires very accurate and careful management of chick nutrition.     

Identification of three novel mycoplasma species from ostriches in South Africa

Mycoplasmas have been implicated in certain clinical syndromes in ostriches and are associated with upper respiratory tract infections. As these infections result in production losses, they are of considerable economic importance to the South African ostrich industry. Although poultry mycoplasmas have been shown to infect ostriches, the existence of unique ostrich-specific mycoplasmas has been suggested. In this study, mycoplasmas were isolated from ostriches in the Klein Karoo, Central Karoo and Garden Route areas of the Western and Northern Cape Provinces of South Africa and identified using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These sequences indicated that ostriches in these areas carry three unique mycoplasmas and were not infected with chicken mycoplasmas. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA sequences of the three isolated ostrich mycoplasmas showed them to be quite divergent and to fall into two distinct phylogenetic groupings. Unique sequences within the 16S rRNA gene of the ostrich mycoplasmas were subsequently used for the development of specific primers for the detection and diagnosis of mycoplasma infections in ostriches. Chickens kept in close proximity to infected ostriches were not infected with these ostrich mycoplasmas.     

The Effect of Mixing and Translocating Juvenile Ostriches (Struthio camelus) in Botswana on the Heterophil to Lymphocyte Ratio

The possibility was investigated that translocation of juvenile ostriches from concrete-paved to sand-floored pens and mixing of batches of ostriches after such translocation constitute a stress strong enough to evoke changes in the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes. Blood smears were obtained from 15 ostriches out of a group of 25 birds 4 and 2 days before and then 2 and 4 days after translocation. The heterophil to lymphocyte ratio changed from 0.27 and 0.37 on days 4 and 2, respectively, before mixing and translocation to 0.53 and 0.84 on days 2 and 4, respectively, after translocation. Mixing and translocating juvenile ostriches appears to constitute stress. This information is important for the on-farm management of juvenile ostriches to enhance their welfare and productivity.     

Genetic and antigenic characterization of a poxvirus isolate from ostriches

Avian poxvirus was isolated from nodules on the heads and conjunctiva of two 3-to-4-wk-old ostrich chicks. The ostriches from which poxvirus was isolated had been placed on premises where turkeys that had shown evidence of poxvirus infection had been raised earlier. Microscopically, the nodules from the ostriches were composed of proliferating and hypertrophic epithelial cells that formed large fronds. Most of the hypertrophic epithelial cells contained large eosinophilic intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies characteristic of poxvirus. Characterization of the avian poxvirus isolated from the cutaneous lesions in ostriches was based on western blotting of virus antigen, restriction fragment length polymorphism of genomic DNA, pathogenesis, and cross-protection studies in chickens. Antigenic and genetic studies did not reveal any significant difference between the poxvirus isolated from ostriches (PVO) and fowl poxvirus (FPV). Further, susceptible chickens immunized with the PVO were protected when challenged with a virulent strain of FPV. Thus, the poxvirus isolated from ostriches had similar antigenic, genetic, and biological properties to FPV.