我国兽医体制现状及改革思路

1重要性 改革开放以来,随着畜牧业的迅速发展,我国兽医地位的大大提升,兽医工作担负着防制动物疾病、保障食品安全、防控人畜共患病等职责,为畜牧业的发展打下坚实后盾,促进畜牧业发展、保证人民身体健康有重要作用. 兽医工作为畜牧业的发展保驾护航,延续了防制动物疾病的作用.兽医在公共卫生中的生产源头、屠宰环节上起主要作用,即保证食品安全,减少食源性疾病的发生,直接影响到农业增收、农民致富的问题.防制人畜共患病,从源头上减少人类感染人畜共患病.兽医工作实际上是关乎国民健康的重要工作,严峻的疾病防制形势,为我国兽医部门工作提出了新的要求,努力发展我国兽医工作,才能提高我国动物疾病防制水平.     

全国农产品整治行动取得阶段性成效

为提高人畜共患病防控水平，更好维护兽医公共卫生安全，有效遏制人畜共患病的传播，中国动物疫病预防控制中心召集各省、自治区、直辖市及计划单列市动物疫病预防控制中心、新疆生产建设兵团兽医部门负责人与技术骨干共计100余人于2009年11月26日至28日在重庆举办了2009年全国兽医公共卫生与人畜共患病防控技术培训班。     

兽医公共卫生面临的问题、原因及对策

近年来,在世界范围内和我国国内都相继暴发大面积人畜共患病,使人民财产受到严重危协,兽医公共卫生工作又被提上了日程,本文就兽医公共卫生概念、现在存在的问题、原因和对策进行了阐述,意在说明兽医公共卫生工作的重要性。     

浅谈畜牧兽医卫生检验工作存在的问题及对策

畜牧兽医卫生是公共卫生体系的重要组成部分,其核心是防控人畜共患病和保障动物性食品安全。近年来,因动物染疫、动物性食品污染而造成人畜共患病、食源性疾病不断发生和流行,规模化养殖污染严重等问题不断出现,使畜牧兽医公共卫生面临着威胁和挑战。本文通过探讨兽医公共卫生所面临的现状和问题,就如何加强畜牧兽医卫生检验工作,维护国家公共卫生安全、确保人民健康生活提出了对策与建议。     

兽医卫生在维护公共卫生安全中的价值

兽医卫生是公共卫生安全的重要组成部分,兽医卫生的核心是通过预防人畜共患病,确保动物性食品安全。近几年,在多个国家人畜共患病都有过规模性暴发,人畜共患病、动物性食品安全、动物生产污染、生物安全等,都是兽医卫生中较为突出的问题。本文对兽医卫生进行简要阐述,对突出性兽医卫生问题的发生作进一步分析,探究兽医卫生可持续优化发展。     

浅谈新形势下兽医公共卫生学的教学

兽医公共卫生学是研究一切与人类和动物健康问题有关的理论知识、实践活动和物质资源的综合性学科。在目前的形势下,兽医公共卫生在人畜共患病和动物源性食品安全方面发挥着重要防线作用。本文就当前我国公共卫生形势下,阐述了兽医公共卫生学的重要性,对教学改革与实践进行了总结,以期加强人们对兽医公共卫生意义的认识,并为提高教学质量提供指导。     

兽医公共卫生面临的问题、原因及对策

通过对人畜共患病疫情回升、重大动物性食品安全事件频发、动物生产污染突出、生物安全和生物恐怖面临新挑战等兽医公共卫生的现状和面临问题进行阐述,进一步分析其原因,最后提出完善兽医公共卫生监管体系、建立人畜共患病和动物性食品安全风险评估体系、实施动物标识及动物产品可追溯管理、采用食品质量安全管理控制体系、加大养殖污染治理力度、加强兽医公共卫生专业人才培养、开展合作交流与宣传教育等对策和建议。     

做好基层畜牧兽医动物防疫工作探究

基层畜牧兽医动物防疫工作,是我国公共卫生体系的重要组成部分,其核心是防控人畜共患病和保障动物性食品安全。本文主要分析了当前基层畜牧兽医动物防疫工作中存在的问题,并提出了有效解决策略,以供参考。     

常见人畜共患病及其防制措施

人畜共患病主要是由病原菌引起的,能够在人和动物之间进行自然传播的感染性疾病。据有关数据显示,能够引发人畜共患病的病原菌有200余种,约75%的动物感染性疾病为人畜共患病。目前,人畜共患病为动物疫病防制工作的重点与难点。人畜共患病对人类生产、生活所造成的危害日益严重,而且严重阻碍了畜牧业的健康发展。本文就常见人畜共患病及其防制措施加以阐述,以期为养殖人员提供参考,降低人畜共患病的发病率。     

兽医公共卫生与人的生存安全

兽医公共卫生学包括人畜共患病、动物性食品卫生、环境保护、比较医学和基础医学的研究.而兽医公共卫生在保护人类的生存安全上起着无可替代的作用.     

H9N2亚型禽流感病毒传播途径特性的比较及其表面基因序列分析

选择中国大陆最早分离的H9N2亚型禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus,AIV)A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)(缩写为SS株)和1998年大流行时期分离的H9N2亚型AIVA/Chicken/Shanghai/F/98(H9N2)(缩写为F株)为研究对象,对其在SPF鸡体内的复制能力和传播途径特性比较后发现,F株在4周龄SPF鸡气管中的复制能力高于SS株,F株可以经气溶胶传播途径传播,SS株不能经气溶胶传播途径传播;利用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法获取F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的cDNA,序列分析得知,F株和SS株的HA和NA基因的同源性分别是96.6%和98.1%;HA基因的裂解位点氨基酸序列都是PARSSR↓GL,但有5个氨基酸的差异,即166位N(F)→D(SS)、198位A(F)→V(SS)、217位V(F)→I(SS)、335位G(F)→R(SS)、504位L(F)→S(SS);2株病毒的NA基因在63~65位都存在氨基酸缺失,但在NA基因红细胞吸附位点的氨基酸序列不同,分别是IKKDSRSG(F)和IKEDLRSG(SS)。F株和SS株的传播特性差异是否与其表面基因序列有关,有待进一步研究。     

种鹅矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染的诊治

2005年9月份,大庆市红岗区个体养鹅专业户送检6只病死的5月龄左右隆昌鹅和长白鹅,经过实验室诊断确诊为矛形剑带绦虫与背孔吸虫混合感染。矛形剑带绦虫属膜壳科     

秋冬季预防和治疗虫媒性传染病鸡白冠病和鸡痘

１前言１．１鸡白冠病鸡白冠病是由卡氏住白细胞原虫寄生于鸡的红细胞和单核细胞而引起的鸡的贫血性疾病。吸血昆虫蚋和库蠓叮咬鸡引起传播，是主要的传播媒介，一般在夏末和秋季多发，由于夏季降雨量较大，部分沟渠积水，库蠓和蚋多孳生，因此在多雨水涝的年份发病率明显增高。１９９８年中国从南到北发生洪涝灾害，吸血昆虫的孳生格外严重，出现了一个白冠病多发年，而后两年发病稍轻，并有地区性，今年８月中旬以来白冠病的发病呈抬头趋势，有一定的死亡率，对蛋鸡产蛋率也会引起一定程度的降低，应引起养鸡户的重视。１．２鸡痘鸡痘也是…     

Shape and size of teeth of dogs and cats-relevance to studies of plaque and calculus accumulation

Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined.     

Estimations of repeatability and heritability of egg albumen antimicrobial activity and of lysozyme and ovotransferrin concentrations

1. The repeatability and heritability of growth inhibition by egg albumen of two major pathogenic bacteria, a Gram-negative (Salmonella Enteritidis) and a Gram-positive (Staphyloccocus aureus) and of two antimicrobial albumen proteins, lysozyme and ovotransferrin, were estimated in commercial pedigree hens. 2. Repeatability was evaluated in 100 egg-type hens at the beginning, middle and end of the laying cycle on eggs collected for 3 weeks. Heritabilities were estimated at 36 to 40 weeks of age on 400 pedigree hens (2 eggs/hen), which were the offspring of 25 sires each mated with 4 dams. Ovotransferrin and lysozyme were quantified by ELISA. Salmonella Enteritidis (S.E.) and Staphyloccocus aureus (S.A.) were inoculated into a sample of sterilised albumen and enumerated after incubation. 3. Total protein content in albumen decreased with age of laying hens, whereas there were increases in lysozyme or ovotransferrin concentrations and in the bacteriostatic effect of albumen. 4. Repeatability for bacterial growth in albumen ranged from 0.29 to 0.39 for the number of S.E. (log cfu/ml) one day post inoculation (p.i.) but was lower and more variable at 5 d p.i. or for S.A. number. It ranged from 0.27 to 0.38 for S.E. and S.A. number at the mid period of the laying cycle. Repeatabilities were low and variable for total egg albumen protein or lysozyme and ovotranferrin concentrations (0 to 0.22). 5. Negative phenotypic correlations were observed between lysozyme concentrations and S.E. number but that between lysozyme and S.A. number was not significant. 6. Heritabilities were low (0.01 to 0.09) for protein traits. They were 0.11 for S.A. number and 0.16 for S.E. number one day p.i. 7. It appears to be more efficient to select on global bacterial growth than on specific antimicrobial proteins. The most promising trait is the number of S.E. one day p.i.     

Comparison of electrophoretograms of normal canine serum and plasma and of serum and plasma of hemolyzed specimens.

Comparison of the electrophoretograms of normal canine plasma and serum revealed a greater concentration of the beta3-fraction in plasma due to the presence of fibrinogen. When serum or plasma of hemolyzed canine blood was analyzed electrophoretically, there were slurring of the beta-globulin peaks due to the presence of free hemoglobin and increases in alpha2-globulins due to the formation of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex.     

禽类的起源、演化及我国主要家禽品种类型与分布

家禽是重要经济价值动物.本文从禽类种群进化学说出发,简介了禽类的起源、演化、动物学分类和家禽的驯化(养)与品种的形成,并对我国主要家禽(鸡、鸭、鹅)地方品种和培育品种(配套系)的分布与类型作了描述,以期为研究我国家禽起源系统,保护与利用我国家禽品种,促进家禽生产可持续发展提供参考.     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.