布鲁菌基因缺失疫苗侯选株研究进展

布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的人兽共患传染病,接种疫苗是预防和控制该病最有效的方法之一。目前国内外使用的疫苗主要是减毒活疫苗,这种活疫苗具有一定的毒力,但不能区分野毒感染与疫苗免疫产生的抗体,会干扰该病的检疫,国内外许多研究者致力于基因缺失标记疫苗。论文综述了近年来布鲁菌基因缺失疫苗株的研究及应用概况,以加深对布鲁菌病新型疫苗的认识。     

羊布鲁菌体内诱导基因的筛选与初步鉴定

本研究利用体内诱导表达抗原技术(IVIAT)来筛选和鉴定羊布鲁菌特异的体内诱导抗原,为筛选新的毒力分子,诊断靶标、疫苗候选抗原和药物靶点提供科学依据。通过收集临床上羊布鲁菌阳性血清,吸附后作为探针,构建羊布鲁菌16M基因组表达文库,进行体内诱导抗原的筛选,同时利用RT-PCR验证筛选得到的基因,对筛选得到的基因进行测序比对及生物信息学分析。结果显示:利用临床上感染布鲁菌的羊阳性血清作为探针,通过体内诱导抗原技术成功地从羊布鲁菌的基因组中筛选得到了14个体内诱导表达的基因。这些基因主要参与布鲁菌的糖代谢、tRNA修饰、离子转运和跨膜运输等生物过程,这些分子有的已经被证实是布鲁菌的药物靶点和毒力分子,有的可能与布鲁菌的毒力和免疫相关,可以作为疫苗候选抗原和诊断标识。体内诱导抗原技术(IVIAT)成功地应用到布鲁菌候选抗原和诊断标识的筛选和鉴定研究中,利用该技术成功获得14个体内诱导基因,这些基因将为布鲁菌疫苗的研制和诊断产品的研发提供候选抗原和诊断标识。     

布鲁菌免疫分子研究进展

布鲁菌病是布鲁菌引起的人兽共患传染病,包括7种21型,其中感染人的主要有牛、羊、猪布鲁菌3种,其免疫涉及体液免疫和细胞免疫.在布鲁菌的免疫过程中,先天性免疫应答主要通过补体、自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞、细胞因子等的参与.获得性免疫应答中,CD4 、CD8 、γβT细胞起重要作用.布鲁菌重组亚单位疫苗是近年研究的热点,而且发现的免疫分子也很多.文章围绕布鲁菌免疫机理、免疫相关分子进行探讨,为筛选疫苗候选分子奠定基础.     

两种接种途径对羊布鲁菌病疫苗免疫抗体变化的影响

<正>动物布鲁菌病是一种严重影响牛、羊养殖业的人兽共患传染病,给畜牧业生产和人类健康带来了巨大的危害。在疫情比较严重的地区,通过给易感动物接种布鲁菌病疫苗,是目前防控动物发生布鲁菌病的主要措施之一。在疫苗厂家提供的布鲁菌病疫苗使用说明书中,规定可以通过口服或肌肉注射等方法进行免疫,但是这两种免疫方法在实际的疫苗免疫中的免疫效果以及差异并没有提到。本试验通过口服和肌肉注射两种接种途径对羊进行     

羊布鲁菌病的诊断要点及防控措施

布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的一种慢性人畜共患病,传染源以患病家畜为主,主要感染牛、羊、猪、犬、猫、鼠等动物,人群也普遍易感,危害性非常严重。主要对羊布鲁菌病的临床症状、病理变化、诊断要点及防控措施等方面进行简要概述,以期为羊布鲁菌病的防控提供参考。     

新疆布鲁菌病发生情况及变化趋势

为了掌握布鲁菌病在新疆地区的发生情况及变化趋势,基于对该地区布鲁菌病监测数据的收集和整理,对2005—2011年新疆地区14个地(州、市),96个县(市、区)上报的布鲁菌病监测数据进行了初步的分析,并对不同牲畜、不同场点及地区分布的布鲁菌病发生及流行情况进行了比较。结果表明,2005—2011年牛和羊布鲁菌病平均阳性率是0.66%和0.61%,牛布鲁菌病规模场和行政村平均阳性率是0.37%和0.77%,羊布鲁菌病规模场和行政村平均阳性率是0.77%和0.52%;牛布鲁菌病阳性率以塔城地区最高,阳性率为2.91%,羊布鲁菌病阳性率以乌鲁木齐市最高,阳性率为14.67%。     

羊布鲁菌病的流行特点及防控措施

羊布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌引起的人畜共患的传染病,是当前世界上危害最严重的人畜共患病之一,不仅给养殖业造成巨大经济损失,还给人的生命安全带来威胁。结合多年临床经验,就羊布鲁菌病的流行特点、临床症状、病理变化等进行介绍,并提出有效防控措施,以期为羊布鲁菌病的防控提供参考。     

羊布鲁菌陕西分离株OMP19基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

对羊布鲁菌(Brucella)陕西分离株OMP19基因进行克隆、序列分析及原核表达。利用GenBank中收录的布鲁菌(KT229642.1)OMP19基因序列,设计合成引物,应用PCR技术扩增OMP19基因,并将OMP19基因连接到原核表达载体pET-28a中,构建重组质粒pET28a-OMP19,转化到BL21感受态细胞进行诱导表达,通过SDS-PAGE和Western blot法分析。结果克隆了羊布鲁菌陕西分离株OMP19全基因序列,核苷酸序列分析表明,陕西分离株OMP19基因与国内外已报道的羊布鲁菌核苷酸同源性超过98%,氨基酸同源性超过98%。OMP19重组菌经诱导表达约为19ku的重组蛋白,该蛋白能与本实验室鉴定保存的阳性血清特异性结合,反应原性良好。为羊布鲁菌陕西分离株分子生物学特性研究提供资料,为进一步进行基因工程疫苗研制及ELISA试剂盒抗体检测提供了基础。     

危害羊的布鲁菌病及血清学检测方法

布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌侵入机体引发变态反应的人兽共患的慢性传染病,常见于牛、羊、猪等家畜,并由它们传给人和其他动物。羊布鲁菌病主要侵害生殖器官,导致胎膜发炎,引起母羊流产、不育,公羊发生睾丸炎,引起各种组织局部病灶。针对羊布鲁菌病的病原、流行病学、症状、病理变化等内容进行阐述,并详细介绍了虎红平板凝集试验法和试管凝集试验法2种血清学检测方法。     

羊布鲁氏菌病综合防控

<正>布鲁氏菌病又称布病或者波浪热,是由布鲁氏杆菌属的细菌引起的以感染牛羊为主的慢性、全身性的人畜共患传染病。1病原导致布鲁氏菌病的病原是布鲁氏杆菌,该菌菌体较小,形状不规则,呈杆状或似球状,革兰氏染色为阴性,属革兰氏阴性杆状菌,其分7个菌,包括羊布鲁氏杆菌、牛布鲁氏杆菌、猪布鲁氏杆菌、绵羊布鲁氏杆菌等,其中牛、羊、猪类菌的危害最严重,羊布鲁氏杆菌的致病能力最强。     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1988

In late November 1988, 1581 small and mixed animal clinics and institutional veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1988, and 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 181,577 dogs were blood-tested for heartworm disease and 367 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 60 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1988 as 441 (0.24%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1985

In late December 1985, 1485 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1985 and 44% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 137,300 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1210 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 36 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number diagnosed in 1985 as 1247 (0.91%).

Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Saskatchewan but most (1126) of the cases were in Ontario. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. From Quebec, 91 cases were reported mostly from and around Montreal. From Manitoba, 19 cases were reported from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 28% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 78% had a history of not having left Canada.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1983

In late December 1983, 2 800 veterinarians across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of heartworm disease in Canada in 1983 and 26% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 59 504 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 771 dogs (1.30% of those tested) were found with Dirofilaria immitis. Heartworm disease was diagnosed in all provinces except New Brunswick and Newfoundland but most (733) of the cases were in Ontario.

Heartworm disease was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 31% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 64% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continues to be the focus of the infection and most of the dogs there had not left the province previously.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1984

In late December 1984, 1853 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1984 and 35% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 97,794 dogs were blood-tested to check for microfilariae and 1417 dogs (1.45% of those tested) were found with heartworm. Another 34 dogs were amicrofilaremic, but were diagnosed as having heartworm disease, to give the total number diagnosed in 1984 as 1451 (1.48%). Heartworm was reported from all provinces except Prince Edward Island and Newfoundland but most (1310) of the cases were in Ontario. In Quebec, 126 cases were reported mostly from west of Montreal.

Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 27% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 72% had a history of not having left Canada. Southwestern Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1989

In late November 1989, 1732 clinics and institutional veterinarians were sent a questionnaire to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis, and 51.7% responded. Of 247,716 dogs tested, 394 had D. immitis microfilariae and 51 were amicrofilaremic for a total of 445 cases and heartworm prevalence of 0.17%. Most (408) of these dogs had no preventive medication and the prevalence among dogs tested and unprotected was 1.01%. That prevalence was considerably higher in endemic areas. Thirty-seven dogs with heartworm had preventive medication. Heartworm was most frequent in companion dogs over three years of age maintained outdoors in rural areas. About 75% of the cases had never left Canada, 26% had clinical signs and 125 were not treated.

Heartworm was reported from British Columbia, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland, but 383 cases were in Ontario. South-western Ontario was the primary focus of infection. There were 33 cases in Quebec and 24 in Manitoba, mainly found in and around Metropolitan Montreal and Winnipeg respectively.

     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1987

In late November 1987, 1246 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1987, and 50% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 165,428 dogs were blood tested for heartworm disease and 511 dogs were found with D. immitis microfilariae. Another 78 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease to give the total number of cases diagnosed in 1987 as 589 (0.35%).     

Heartworm in dogs in Canada in 1986

In late December 1986, 1224 institutional veterinarians and small and mixed animal clinics across Canada were sent a questionnaire in order to assess the status of Dirofilaria immitis in Canada in 1986; 46% of them responded. Veterinarians reported that 150,989 dogs were blood-tested for microfilariae and 869 dogs were found with heartworm. Another 65 dogs were amicrofilaremic but diagnosed with heartworm disease and one was found with heartworm at necropsy to give the total number diagnosed in 1986 as 935 (0.62%).

Heartworm was reported from Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario and Quebec, but most (810) of the cases were from Ontario. South-western Ontario continued to be the primary focus of the infection in Canada. There were 103 cases reported from Quebec, mostly from and around Montreal, and 21 cases from Manitoba, from Winnipeg and surrounding areas. Heartworm was found most frequently in companion dogs over three years of age maintained mainly outdoors in rural areas. About 33% of the cases were observed with clinical signs of heartworm disease and 81% had a history of not having left Canada.