南阳黑猪和大白猪脂肪酸分析及其综合评价

试验旨在研究南阳黑猪脂肪酸组成及含量,以期为中国地方猪种遗传资源的保护及开发利用提供理论依据。以南阳黑猪和大白猪为研究对象,每品种猪各12头,测量背最长肌脂肪酸含量及种类,以脂肪酸种类及数量、单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）、饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）、12-16碳饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸1,SFA1）、其他饱和脂肪酸（饱和脂肪酸2,SFA2）、不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acids,UFA）、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、必需脂肪酸（essential fatty acid,EFA）、共轭亚油酸（conjugated linoleic acids,CLA）、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA等为指标,从营养、健康、风味及储存方面综合评价两个猪种猪肉脂肪酸品质。结果显示,两个猪种背最长肌中共检出30种脂肪酸,其中23种脂肪酸在两个猪种间有显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）;除SFA2/SFA1和ω-6 PUFA /ω-3 PUFA外,南阳黑猪其他指标均高于大白猪;SFA1、MUFA、PUFA、SFA、UFA、UFA/SFA、SFA2/SFA1、PUFA/MUFA、EFA、CLA、PUFA/SFA、ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA 11个指标在两个猪种间存在显著或极显著差异（P<0.05;P<0.01）,SFA2和PUFA/MUFA在两个猪种间无显著差异（P>0.05）。综合以上结果,南阳黑猪肌肉脂肪酸品质总体优于大白猪。     

日粮添加油葵籽和亚麻籽对奶牛乳脂CLA和脂肪酸组成的影响

本文主要研究了奶牛日粮添加植物油籽引起原料乳脂肪酸组成情况及CLA含量变化的影响,初步探讨改善牛奶脂肪酸构成、提高乳脂中CLA含量的途径.选取45头泌乳期荷斯坦牛,分为3组,以不添加油籽为对照组,以添加油葵籽和亚麻籽作为两个试验处理组,采用完全随机试验设计,测定乳脂中脂肪酸含量.结果显示,日粮中添加油葵籽和亚麻籽实能显著提高乳脂中CLA、EPA、DHA和PUFA的含量(P＜0.05),降低月桂酸(C12:0)、棕榈酸(C16:0)、硬酯酸(C18:0)等饱和脂肪酸水平,多不饱和与饱和脂肪酸(PUFA/SFA)之比显著高于对照组(P＜0.05),分别提高92.32％和36.37％.乳脂中CLA(c9t11t,10t12c)比例油葵籽和亚麻籽两个处理组依次比对照组提高了161.01％ (P＜0.05)和53.18％ (P＜0.05)；油葵籽组的EPA、DHA含量分别较对照组提高80.91％和196.20％,亚麻籽组的EPA、DHA含量分别较对照组提高143.32％和255.84％.日粮中添加植物油料籽实,优化了乳脂肪酸的构成,油葵籽对乳脂中CLA的提高效果比亚麻籽更好.     

畜禽肉脂肪酸的营养调控研究进展

脂肪酸按饱和度可分为饱和脂肪酸(SFA)与不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)两大类,其中,不饱和脂肪酸按不饱和程度分为单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA),以第一个双键出现的位置分别称为n-3族、n-6族、n-9族等多不饱和脂肪酸.     

膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽对母猪繁殖性能及初乳脂肪酸组成的影响

本试验旨在研究在妊娠后期及哺乳期母猪饲粮中添加不同量的膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽对其繁殖性能及初乳脂肪酸组成的影响。试验选用80头妊娠后期(妊娠83 d)长×大二元初产母猪,随机分为4个组,每组4个重复,每个重复5头。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中分别添加5%、10%和15%的膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽。试验预试期7 d,正试期55 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,饲粮中添加膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽可显著提高母猪平均日采食量(P 0.05),且15%膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽添加组母猪平均日采食量最高; 2)随着膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽添加量的增加,母猪哺乳期背膘损失逐渐减小,仔猪第21天窝重、窝平均日增重、第21天个体重以及母猪初乳中单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量、不饱和脂肪酸/饱和脂肪酸(UFA/SFA)值逐渐增高,但差异均不显著(P0.05); 3)仔猪断奶(21日龄)时,15%膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽添加组的均匀度最好。由此可见,膨化苜蓿草粉-亚麻籽可以提高母猪繁殖性能及初乳中M UFA含量与UFA/SFA值。     

枯草芽孢杆菌对7~28日龄羔羊生长和器官发育及肌肉脂肪酸的影响

旨在研究代乳粉中添加枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）对7~28日龄羔羊生长性能、组织器官、腹泻率及肌肉组织脂肪酸含量的影响。本研究选取体况发育良好的7日龄湖羊公羔（双羔）30只,按同质性原则将羔羊随机分为2组,每组15只,每只为1个重复,给2组羔羊分别饲喂枯草芽孢杆菌含量为0和0.2%的代乳粉,试验期为21 d。在7、14、21和28日龄晨饲前进行称重,计算各生长阶段的平均日增重（average daily gain,ADG）。并且每天饲喂羔羊的同时观察羔羊腹泻情况,计算羔羊腹泻率。在28日龄时每组随机选择8只羔羊进行屠宰,屠宰后称量各组织器官重量,计算其相对指数,并采集羔羊背最长肌和肱二头肌,测量肌内脂肪含量。结果表明：1）枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了7~14日龄羔羊的末重（P<0.05）,显著提高了15~21日龄和22~28日龄羔羊的平均日增重（P<0.05）,有提高7~28日龄羔羊平均日增重的趋势（P=0.100）;对7~28日龄羔羊腹泻率的无显著影响（P>0.05）。2）枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了7~28日龄羔羊胰腺重量（P<0.05）,显著增加了蹄占宰前活重比例（P<0.05）,对其他组织器官没有显著影响（P>0.05）。3）枯草芽孢杆菌对7~28日龄羔羊皮张发育无显著影响（P>0.05）。4）枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了羔羊背最长肌不饱和脂肪酸（unsaturated fatty acid,UFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA）、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十烷酸、棕榈烯酸、油酸含量和MUFA∶多不饱和脂肪酸（polyunsaturated fatty acid,PUFA）（P<0.05）,显著提高了十五烷酸、肉豆蔻烯酸、神经酸含量和饱和脂肪酸（saturated fatty acid,SFA）∶UFA （P<0.05）;显著降低了羔羊肱二头肌UFA、SFA、MUFA、棕榈酸、硬脂酸、二十烷酸、棕榈烯酸、油酸含量和MUFA∶PUFA （P<0.05）,显著提高了PUFA、n-6PUFA、肉豆蔻烯酸、神经酸含量和SFA∶UFA、PUFA∶SFA （P<0.05）。结果表明,在代乳粉中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对7~28日龄湖羊羔羊腹泻率、器官和皮张的发育无显著影响,但羔羊平均日增重和胴体重有升高趋势。枯草芽孢杆菌显著降低了湖羊羔羊背最长肌中UFA、MUFA、MUFA∶PUFA的含量和肱二头肌UFA、SFA、MUFA、MUFA∶PUFA的含量,显著提高了湖羊羔羊背最长肌中SFA：UFA的含量和肱二头肌中PUFA、n-6PUFA、SFA∶UFA、PUFA∶SFA的含量,表明枯草芽孢杆菌可通过对肌内脂肪酸组成比例和含量的影响,起到改善湖羊羔羊肉品质的作用。     

中国荷斯坦牛一个完整泌乳期中乳脂肪酸变化规律研究

为了优化生鲜乳中脂肪酸的组成与比例,提高牛奶品质,试验采用气相色谱技术,测定了南方荷斯坦奶牛一个完整泌乳期原料乳中的脂肪酸组成和含量。结果表明:检出C4~C24共计34种脂肪酸,按饱和度和碳链长度划分,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的比值约为68∶27∶5,短链脂肪酸(sc-FA)、中链脂肪酸(mc-FA)、长链脂肪酸(lc-FA)的比值约为3∶21∶76。除C15∶0、C18∶2t、C20∶0和PUFA外,测定月份对样品乳中其他脂肪酸含量均有显著影响(P0.05);泌乳月对总SFA含量及总MUFA含量均有显著影响(P0.05),但对总PUFA含量的影响不显著(P0.05);泌乳月对mc-FA和lc-FA含量均有极显著影响(P0.01),而对sc-FA含量的影响不显著(P0.05)。     

米糠替代部分玉米的高纤维日粮对苏淮母猪健康及脂肪相关指标的影响

苏淮猪是我国自主培育的具有耐粗特性的新品种,米糠是我国生猪养殖常用的纤维日粮。本试验旨在研究米糠替代部分玉米的高纤维日粮对苏淮猪健康及脂肪相关指标的影响,为制定适宜于苏淮猪的高纤维日粮奠定基础。试验选用48头苏淮母猪,初始体重为(52.60±0.79)kg,随机分配到对照组和试验组,每组6个重复,每个重复4头猪,分别饲喂对照组日粮(玉米-豆粕型日粮,CD)和试验组日粮(米糠替代部分玉米的高纤维日粮,RBD)。试验期为75 d。饲喂期结束后进行屠宰采样,采集肠道黏膜、血液、板油、花油及皮下脂肪样品进行分析测定。结果表明:与对照组相比,在健康指标方面,试验组的苏淮猪的血小板数目和血小板压积显著降低,其他血液免疫指标和肠道黏膜免疫指标无显著差异。在脂肪相关指标方面,试验组苏淮猪的板油率、花油率、背膘厚和血液生化指标均无显著差异;皮下脂肪中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的含量、单不饱和脂肪酸/多不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA/PUFA)、饱和脂肪酸/不饱和脂肪酸(SFA/UFA)均极显著降低,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的含量均极显著升高;与对照组相比,试验组苏淮猪的皮下脂肪中,SCD的表达量显著高于对照组。用米糠替代部分玉米的高纤维日粮饲喂苏淮猪能显著降低其血小板数目和血小板压积,同时增加皮下脂肪的不饱和脂肪酸含量,降低饱和脂肪酸含量。     

红薯秸秆脂肪酸组成分析与评价

为研究红薯秸秆脂肪酸的营养价值,分别对其叶和茎的脂质及脂肪酸组成进行分析和评价,结果显示:红薯秸秆粗脂肪含量略低,但可利用脂质成分较多;红薯叶脂肪中总脂肪酸(TFA)为284.4 mg/g,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)为133.2 mg/g,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)为151.2 mg/g,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)为129.5mg/g;红薯茎脂肪中总脂肪酸(TFA)为318.0 mg/g,饱和脂肪酸(SFA)为166.0 mg/g,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)为152.0 mg/g,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)为108.5 mg/g,红薯秸秆叶与茎UFA/SUA值分别为1.13∶1和1.09∶1,接近瘤胃"理想脂肪酸组合"模式;红薯秸秆的叶和茎中含有较多的中碳链脂肪酸(MCFA),其MCFA/TFA值分别为0.18和0.35。红薯秸秆脂肪酸组成平衡且优质,具有较高的饲用价值。     

紫茎泽兰对建昌黑山羊肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的影响

为研究紫茎泽兰(Ageratina adenophora)对建昌黑山羊肌肉中氨基酸和脂肪酸含量的影响,本研究采用氨基酸自动分析仪和氯仿-甲醇抽提法,对自然放牧采食紫茎泽兰的建昌黑山羊背最长肌中氨基酸、脂肪酸含量进行测定分析.结果显示,与对照组比较,建昌黑山羊肌肉必需氨基酸(essential amino-acid,EAA)、非必需氨基酸(non-essential amino acid,NEAA)和总氨基酸(total amino acid,TAA)含量减少,风味氨基酸含量减少;饱和脂肪酸(saturated fatty acid,SFA)含量减少,单不饱和脂肪酸(monounsaturated fatty acid,MUFA)、多不饱和脂肪酸(polyunsaturated fatty acids,PUFA)和不饱和脂肪酸(unsaturated fatty acid,UFA)含量增加,UFA/SFA(U/S)值升高,与膻味呈正比的脂肪酸含量升高,与膻味呈反比的脂肪酸含量减少,说明紫茎泽兰降低了肉品的氨基酸营养价值,增加了肉品的脂肪酸营养价值,对肉品风味有一定影响.研究表明,紫茎泽兰饲喂反刍动物,具有一定的营养价值,但紫茎泽兰的毒性使动物肌肉脂肪酸和氨基酸含量发生变化,降低了肉品品质.     

体重和营养对八眉猪脂肪组织脂肪酸组成的影响

用气相色谱法分析了4个体重阶段、3个营养水平共7组42头八眉猪的背膘和板油的脂肪酸组成。统计分析表明:随着体重的增大,脂肪组织中各种饱和脂肪酸比例均上升(P<0.01);在不饱和脂肪酸中,油酸比例稳定,棕榈油酸和亚油酸比例下降(P<0.01),亚麻酸比例上升(P<0.01),花生油酸比例先上升、稳定后又下降(P<0.01);SFA总量增加、UFA总量及PUFA总量减少(P<0.01)。降低日粮营养水平,可以明显地提高油酸和亚麻酸的比例(P<0.05)、增加UFA总量和PUFA总量、提高PUFA总量与SFA总量之比值、减少SFA总量(P<0.05)。     

整粒油籽对舍饲成年母羊肉品质和生产性能的影响

日粮中分别添加相当于40 g粗脂肪的油菜籽Brassica napus、油葵籽Helianthus annuus 、红花籽Carthamus tinctorius和亚麻籽Linum usitatissimum,饲喂成年母羊35 d,结果表明:添加上述油料籽实对绵羊的胴体品质和肉质特性没有不良影响;从生产性能和经济效益考虑,添加油菜籽效果较好,其次为胡麻籽,而添加红花籽效益最差.     

Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of Fatty Acid in Nanyang Black Pig and Large White Pig

The experiment was carried out to study the composition and contents of fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig, and to provide a theoretical basis for the protection and exploitation of local pig genetic resources in China. 12 Nanyang Black pigs and 12 Large White pigs were chosen, and the composition and contents of fatty acids in longissimus dorsi muscle were measured, and the quality of fatty acids was comprehensive evaluated from nutrition, health, flavor and storage aspects. Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), 12-16 carbon saturated fatty acids (SFA1), other saturated fatty acids (SFA2), unsaturated fatty acids (UFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA), SFA2/SFA1, MUFA/PUFA, essential fatty acid (EFA), conjugated linoleic acids (CLA), PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA were used as the indexes of multiple comparison. The results showed that there were 30 kinds of fatty acids were detected and 23 of them had significant or extremely significant differences between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01). Nanyang Black pig had higher values of above measured indexes than that of Large White pig in addition to SFA2/SFA1 and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA. 11 indexes such as SFA1,MUFA,PUFA,SFA,UFA, UFA/SFA,SFA2/SFA1,PUFA/MUFA, EFA,CLA, PUFA/SFA and ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA differed significantly or extremely significantly between the two pig breeds (P<0.05;P<0.01), while SFA2 and PUFA/MUFA had no significant differences between the two pig breeds (P>0.05). In conclusion, the fatty acids of Nanyang Black pig were significantly better than that of Large White pig.     

莱芜猪肌肉脂肪酸组成的发育性变化及其对肉质特性的影响

以40￣90kg6个体重阶段莱芜猪和新莱芜猪为试验对象(n=6),研究肌肉脂肪酸组成的发育性变化及其与肉质特性的关系。结果表明:①随着体重的增大,莱芜猪肌肉总脂含量显著(P<0.01)增加;饱和脂肪酸(SFA)总量的比例有下降的趋势,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)总量有增加的趋势,但差异不显著;在UFA中,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)总量及亚油酸的比例显著(P<0.01)下降,油酸比例显著(P<0.01)增加;②总体上,莱芜猪肌肉中的SFA+单不饱和脂肪酸总量、总脂、棕榈酸、棕榈烯酸的比例显著高于新莱芜猪,而PUFA总量、硬脂酸、亚油酸、花生烯酸的比例显著(P<0.01)低于新莱芜猪。各体重阶段2个品种间的脂肪酸组成也存在着较大的差异;③莱芜猪肌肉中的PUFA总量与总脂、水分、失水率、大理石纹评分相关显著;总脂与水分、大理石纹相关极显著(P<0.01);SFA、UFA总量与大理石纹呈显著(P<0.05)相关。     

Effects of dietary concentration and degree of polyunsaturation of dietary fat on endogenous synthesis and deposition of fatty acids in chickens

Two experiments were performed to assess the effect of different amounts of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) on fatty acid composition of chickens. The contribution of de novo fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid profile was also estimated. In trial 1, different fat sources were blended in different ratios allowing a gradient of dietary PUFA (from 15 to 61 g/kg), keeping added fat constant (9%). In trial 2, PUFA-rich oil was added at increasing inclusion rates (2, 4, 6 and 8%), achieving a dietary PUFA content ranging between 27 and 59 g/kg. Increasing dietary PUFA inclusion resulted in an increase in PUFA deposition, with higher efficiency when dietary fat also provided saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) fatty acids (trial 1). Increasing dietary PUFA in both trials resulted in a decrease in SFA and MUFA concentration in the whole body. The estimated deposition of fatty acids from de novo synthesis was reduced when dietary fat content increased from 0 to 10%, varying between 35.34 and 17.66% for SFA and between 52.70 and 7.01% for MUFA in the whole body. The greater variation range for the MUFA supports the existence of a mechanism maintaining the SFA: (MUFA + PUFA) ratio within a specific range in biological membranes.     

Tissue fatty acid composition and estimated ∆ desaturase activity after castration in chicken broilers fed with linseed or sunflower oil

The aims of this study were to investigate the influence of the short‐term addition of sunflower and linseed oil and castration on fatty acid composition and desaturation indexes in chicken broilers. Forty‐eight male Ross 308 chicken broilers were supplemented with 5% of sunflower or linseed oil. The four experimental groups were linseed oil supplementation and castration (LC), linseed oil without castration (LN), sunflower oil and castration (SC) and sunflower oil without castration (SN). There was no significant influence of castration or oil supplement on live weights, weight gain, feed intake or feed conversion. Castration resulted in an increase in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), total n3, n6, measured desaturation indexes and a decrease in the saturated fatty acid (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) content of abdominal fat. In breast muscle, castration increased PUFA and 18:3n3 values, while in the liver tissue, castration did not influence the parameters measured. Linseed oil supplementation significantly increased 18:3n3, n3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC PUFA), total n3 and decreased total n6, n6/n3 ratio, and 20:4n6 content. Values for 20:4n6 were the highest in SC and the lowest in the LC group. Linseed oil also significantly decreased ?5 and ?4 desaturation indexes in the thighs and ?5 and ?5, 6 in abdominal fat and the liver. These results suggest that short‐term supplementation of basal diet with 5% of linseed oil could significantly increase n3 LC PUFA and decrease n6/n3 ratio content in the edible tissues of chicken broilers, without adverse effects on growth performance. Meanwhile, castration only improved fatty acid profile in abdominal fat, which is not nutritionally important. The interactions observed between basal diet, supplemented oil, sex hormones and other non‐nutritional factors must be elucidated in future trials in order to correctly predict the nutritional value of linseed‐fed poultry.     

Effect of dietary energy supply and fat source on the fatty acid pattern of adipose and lean tissues and lipogenesis in the pig

Forty Large White barrows were used to determine whether the effects of dietary fat source (tallow or soy oil at 5% of the diet) on lipogenesis and fatty acid profile of porcine adipose and lean tissue were dependent on dietary digestible energy density (8.8 vs 14.0 MJ DE/kg). Barrows were allocated to one of four groups and offered a fixed amount of feed (170 g x BW0.569/d) from 27 to 105 kg BW. The fatty acid composition of the backfat layers (BF), omental fat (OF), and i.m. adipose tissue of longissimus muscle as well as the activity of lipogenic enzymes of the adipose tissues were determined. Growth performance and carcass characteristics were affected by the dietary energy level (P < 0.01) but not by fat source. In accordance with the lower carcass fat deposition, the activity of lipogenic enzymes were decreased in the low-energy groups (P < 0.01). Within dietary energy level, inclusion of soy oil resulted in increased proportion of PUFA that was compensated by decreased saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) proportions (P < 0.01). The SFA changes accounted for 23 (BF) and 24% (OF) of the PUFA changes in the high-energy and 31 (BF) and 39% (OF) in the low-energy diets. The differences in the fatty acid proportions between the soy oil and tallow group were more pronounced in the low-energy groups (fat source x energy density interactions: P < 0.01). Pigs fed the soy oil, low-energy diet had decreased SFA (BF: 28%; OF: 30%) and MUFA (BF: 13%; OF: 19%) concentration, whereas PUFA concentration was increased (BF: 59%; OF: 88%) compared with pigs fed the soy oil, high-energy diet. However, in the tallow groups, pigs fed the low-energy diets had slightly decreased SFA (BF: 14%; OF: 12%) and relatively constant MUFA (BF: 3%; OF: 1%), whereas PUFA concentration increased (BF: 39%; OF: 62%) relative to pigs fed the tallow high-energy diet. Lipid content of the i.m. adipose tissue was decreased in the low-energy groups (P < 0.05). Contrary to what was observed in the adipose tissues, increased PUFA concentration in the neutral and polar lipid fractions of the longissimus muscle was predominantly compensated by reduced MUFA deposition. In the polar lipid fraction, the proportions of both SFA and MUFA were decreased by the low-energy diet. Thus, the extent to which tissue concentration of fatty acids are altered from dietary fats differing in the degree of unsaturation depends on the dietary energy level.     

Correlation between carcass conformation and fat cover degree, and muscle fatty acid profile of yearling bulls depending on breed and mh-genotype

The objective was to study the relationships between the actual European beef carcass classification scale, which classifies carcasses with regard to conformation and degree of fat cover scores, and muscle fat quality, depending on breed and mh-genotype. For this purpose samples from 100 yearling bulls from “Asturiana de los Valles” (24 AV(mh/mh), 26 AV(mh/+), 25 AV (+/+)) and “Asturiana de la Montaña” (25 AM) were analysed. The results of the study showed that breed or genotype affect carcass measurement scores and muscle fatty acid profile through its important effect on animal overall fatness. Homozygous double-muscled animals produced carcasses with high conformation and low intramuscular (IM) fat content. While early-maturing and rustic AM animals produced low carcass yield and high IM fat content. The other genotypes (mh/+, +/+) showed, in general, intermediate characteristics. Referring to correlations, carcass conformation was negatively related to saturated (SFA) (r = − 0.69, P < 0.001) and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) (r = − 0.69, P < 0.001) groups, and positively to polyunsaturated (PUFA) (r = 0.72), n-6 (r = 0.72), n-3 (r = 0.71) and unsaturated fatty acid (UFA) (r = 0.69) groups, being all of them significant (P < 0.001). However, carcass degree of fat cover was positively related to SFA (r = 0.53, P < 0.001) and MUFA (r = 0.62, P < 0.001), and negatively to PUFA (r = − 0.61), n-6 (r = − 0.60), n-3 (r = − 0.62) and UFA (r = − 0.53) groups, being all of them significant. Moreover, simple and low-cost prediction equations were calculated for a rapid and sufficiently accurate fatty acid group (SFA, MUFA, PUFA, n-6, n-3, UFA) estimation (R² > 0.46, P < 0.001). In general, meat obtained from double-muscled animals display a more appropriate IM fatty acid profile from the nutritional point of view according to actual recommendations, but it could happen the disability of these lean animals to deposit sufficient IM fat to ensure consumer overall liking or acceptability.     

性别和营养水平对福建河田鸡风味前体物质含量的影响

研究了不同性别和日粮能量、蛋白水平对河田鸡胸肌肉中风味前体化合物含量的影响。结果表明：性别对腹脂率、氨基酸（Asp、Thr、Ser、Pro、Cys除外）以及肌内脂肪（IMF）及其饱和脂肪酸（SFA）、单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）、多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）含量有显著影响（P〈0．05），而对肌苷酸（IMP）含量无显著影响（P〉0．05）；公鸡的总氨基酸（TAA）、肌苷酸、肌内脂肪中的SFA、MUFA含量略高于母鸡，母鸡的肌内脂肪及其PUFA含量明显高于公鸡。能量水平对肌苷酸、肌内脂肪及其SFA、MUFA、PUFA以及总氨基酸含量有显著影响（P〈0．05）；当鸡采食高能日粮时，肌内脂肪中的SFA、MUFA含量会显著升高（P〈0．05），而IMP、IMF、PUFA含量会显著下降（P＜0．05），TAA没有显著变化。蛋白水平对肌内脂肪及其MUFA、PUFA含量以及总氨基酸含量有显著影响（P〈0．05）。当采食高蛋白日粮时，肌内脂肪及SFA、MUFA显著降低，而其PUFA会显著增加（P〈0．05）。风味品尝结果表明，公鸡的香味、鲜味都显著高于母鸡，而嫩度低于母鸡；随着能量和蛋白水平的增加，鲜味和嫩度都显著下降（P〈0．05）。从肉品的总可接受性来看，性别对总可接受性没有显著影响（P〉0．05），低营养水平时的总可接受性大于高营养水平（P〈0．05）。