Synthesis and insecticidal activities of novel oxime ether pyrethroids

A series of novel 2-methylthio-3'/4'-substituted acetophenone oxime O-ethers were synthesized by the reaction of the corresponding acetophenone oximes with halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide and phase-transfer catalysis or with triethyl quaternary ammonium salts of halides of pyrethroid alcohols in the presence of sodium hydroxide. These compounds showed notable insecticidal activity against Homopteran and Lepidopteran pests. 2-Methylthio-4'-fluoroacetophenone oxime O-[(2-methylbiphenyl-3-yl)methyl] ether was more effective than the commercial insecticides chlorfenapyr and fenvalerate.     

齐墩果酸肟醚类化合物的合成及杀菌活性

为了开发潜在的氨基葡萄糖-6-磷酸合成酶（GlmS）抑制剂和杀菌剂,设计并合成了30个齐墩果酸肟醚类化合物,其中29个为新化合物,其结构均经1H NMR、13C NMR和高分辨质谱确证。采用Elson-Morgan法和菌丝生长速率法,分别测定了目标化合物对GlmS的抑制活性和杀菌活性。结果表明:在0.35 mmol/L下,大部分目标化合物对GlmS表现出一定的抑制活性,其中,化合物A-01、A-02、A-04、C-04和C-05对GlmS的抑制率在30%左右;部分化合物在50 μg/mL下对油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum（Lib.）de Bary、番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea Pers. 和稻瘟病菌Pyricularia oryzae Cav. 具有较好的杀菌活性,其中,化合物A-01、A-02、A-04、A-05和B-02对油菜菌核病菌的抑制率在88%左右,具有进一步研究的价值。     

3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-羧酸肟酯衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

为发现具有高抑菌活性的先导化合物,结合本课题组前期研究,设计并合成了18个新型3-二氟甲基-1-甲基吡唑-4-羧酸肟酯衍生物,其结构均经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱分析确证,化合物 9g 的单晶衍射结果证明肟酯的构型为E式。离体生物活性测定结果表明,目标化合物在50 μg/mL下对番茄灰霉病菌 Botrytis cinerea、苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali 和小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces graminis均表现出一定的抑制活性,其中化合物 9d 对苹果树腐烂病菌、 9r 对小麦全蚀病菌的EC₅₀值分别为0.89 μg/mL和3.34 μg/mL,表现出比先导化合物 L1 (E-2-氯-6-氟苯甲醛-O-(1-甲基-3-苯基-1H-吡唑-5-羰基)肟)和肟菌酯更优或相似的抑菌活性。     

对氯苯乙酮肟醚衍生物的合成及生物活性

为寻找高活性的新农药化合物,通过2-取代氨基-1-对氯苯乙酮-1-肟与卤代烃反应,设计并合成了35个对氯苯乙酮肟醚衍生物,其结构均经核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确证。初步的生物活性测定结果表明,该类化合物具有一定的杀虫、抑菌及除草活性,其中 C9、C12 在500 mg/L时对蚜虫Aphis craccivaora的致死率达到100%; C10、C12、C15和C23 在1 000 mg/L时对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinabarinus的致死率达到100%; C29、C30和C31 在500 mg/L时对黄瓜白粉病菌Sphaerotheca fuligineas的抑制率达到95%以上; C29、C30、C33和C35 在100 mg/L时对马唐Digitaria sanguinalis的抑制率达到90%以上。     

氨基甲酸苯丙酮肟酯类化合物的合成及生物活性

为寻找高活性的新农药化合物,以3-取代氨基-1-芳基丙酮-1-肟与氨基甲酸酯反应,设计并合成了19个氨基甲酸苯丙酮肟酯衍生物,其结构均经核磁共振氢谱和元素分析确证。初步的生物活性测定结果表明,化合物具有一定的生物活性,其中 c11 在浓度为500 mg/L时,对蚜虫Aphis craccivora的致死率达到90%以上; c16和c17 在1 000 mg/L时,对朱砂叶螨Tetranychus cinabarinus 的致死率达到100%。     

新型芳氧吡啶肟醚类化合物的设计、合成和杀虫活性

以芳氧吡啶乙酮分子插件为基础，设计合成了一系列芳氧吡啶乙酮肟醚类化合物，其结构经核磁共振氢谱、碳谱及高分辨质谱等确证。初步杀虫活性测定结果表明，该系列化合物对棉蚜 Aphis gossypii (Glover) 具有较好的杀虫活性，其中化合物 5a 和 6i 在50 μg/mL下对棉蚜的致死率分别为76.8%和70.1%，具有作为先导化合物进一步研究的价值；但其对小菜蛾的杀虫活性较差，在100 μg/mL下的致死率普遍低于30%。该系列化合物主要体现出了新烟碱类化合物的活性特征，为进一步研究其构效关系提供了新思路。     

Synthesis, crystal structure, bioactivity and DFT calculation of new oxime ester derivatives containing cyclopropane moiety

A new series of oxime esters containing cyclopropane moiety were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by ¹H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The single crystal structure of compound 7b was determined to further elucidate the structure. The KARI activity indicated that compound 7k exhibits favorable inhibition rate; the herbicidal assay showed that most of them have moderate activity against Echinochloafrumentacea, some of which have moderate activity against Brassica campestris.     

香豆素肟酯衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

为发现具有高抑菌活性的肟酯类化合物, 结合本课题组前期研究, 设计并合成了18个新型香豆素肟酯衍生物, 并对抑菌活性及构效关系进行了研究。离体生物活性测定结果表明, 目标化合物在50 μg/mL下对番茄灰霉病菌、苹果树腐烂病菌和水稻纹枯病菌均表现出一定的抑制活性, 其中化合物 4n 对番茄灰霉病菌和水稻纹枯病菌的EC₅₀值分别为4.44 μg/mL和3.65 μg/mL，表现出比香豆素和肟菌酯更优或相似的活性。     

Mode of entry of oxime carbamates into insects

The outcome of our earlier work suggested that the transport of contact insecticides into insects does not involve the haemolymph, but that the chemical probably reaches the internal organs by migrating in and/or over integumental tissue. This applies to various insects having quite different integumental organisation, and to various groups of insecticides differing widely in physical and chemical characteristics. The present work has shown that carbamates (1-alkylthioacetaldoxime carbamates) with high water solubility are no exception. The permeability of the body wall of the housefly for the methyl homologue (methomyl) which is the most water-soluble of the series, although relatively high, is not high enough to account for the toxicity of the compound if it followed the haemolymph route. Methomyl when injected with water instead of an organic solvent was also found to be less toxic than the equivalent amount topically applied. Lateral migration in the integument could be demonstrated with all the carbamates tested and dissimilarities in rates were apparent. Methomyl migrated the most rapidly and the cyanomethylene homologue the most slowly. Differences in mobility may be partly responsible for inequality in toxic effect, but it is thought that metabolic detoxication is of over-riding importance.     

喹唑啉酮肟醚衍生物的设计、合成、杀菌活性及其与琥珀酸脱氢酶受体的结合模式

为寻找高活性杀菌化合物,以氟吡菌酰胺为对照,在前期发现的新型硝基甲基喹唑啉酮骨架的基础上,通过中间体衍生化法和活性亚结构拼接等手段,设计、合成了25个未见文献报道的喹唑啉酮肟醚衍生物,所有化合物的结构均通过核磁共振氢谱 (1H NMR)、碳谱 (13C NMR) 及高分辨质谱 (HR-EI-MS) 确证。活体杀菌活性测试表明,目标化合物 A19 和 A25 在500 mg/L下对小麦赤霉病菌Fusarium graminearum的防效分别为43.74%和42.46%,活性远低于氟吡菌酰胺。初步分析,其理化性质以及其与琥珀酸脱氢酶 (SDH) 受体结合模式方面的差异可能是导致这些化合物活性比氟吡菌酰胺低的主要原因。     

Influence of pyrethroid ester,oxime ether,and other central linkages on insecticidal activity,hydrolytic detoxification,and physicochemical parameters

The relative potency to target and nontarget insects of ester pyrethroids and the analogous oxime ethers, and the degree of synergism of the esters with tributyl phosphorotrithioate, provide a useful guide to the importance of esterase detoxification in species specificity. These criteria indicate that esterase detoxification is a more important component of pyrethroid tolerance in Chrysopa carnea and Cryptolaemus montrouzieri larvae than in Exochomus flavipis larvae and Musca domestica adults. Studies with 3-phenoxybenzyl 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-cyclopropylacetate and the corresponding 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl ester, their oxime ether analogs, and permethrin and its thiol ester and amide analogs provide evidence that the high insecticidal activity of some ester and E-oxime ether pyrethroids, relative to that of the corresponding thiol ester and amide, is more closely associated with the dipole moment and polarizability of the central linkage and its resistance to esterase detoxification than with bond lengths or lipophilicities conferred by a specific linkage. Pentafluorobenzyl tetramethylcyclopropanecarboxylate is very effective in the vapor state for house fly control.     

含肟酯的吡唑衍生物的合成及其抑菌活性

为发现高抑菌活性的先导化合物, 结合本课题组前期研究, 设计并合成了17个新型含肟酯的吡唑衍生物, 结构经 1H NMR、13C NMR及高分辨质谱分析确证, 化合物 7q 的结构经单晶衍射确证。抑菌活性测定结果表明, 目标化合物在50 μg/mL下对苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali、油菜菌核病菌Sclerotinia sclerotiorum、番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea和小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces graminis均表现出一定的抑制活性, 其中化合物 7q 对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制活性较好, EC₅₀值为7.04 μg/mL, 优于先导化合物 L1 和肟菌酯。     

5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酸肟酯衍生物的合成及抑菌活性

异噁唑是具有较好活性的五元杂环,本文设计并合成了15个5-甲基异噁唑-4-甲酸肟酯类新化合物,利用核磁氢谱、核磁碳谱和高分辨质谱对其结构进行确证,并测试了其对番茄灰霉病菌Botrytis cinerea、水稻纹枯病菌Rhizoctonia solani、苹果树腐烂病菌Valsa mali和小麦全蚀病菌Gaeumannomyces graminis的离体抑菌活性。结果表明,在50μg/mL下,目标化合物对供试病原菌均有一定的抑菌活性,其中化合物5g对番茄灰霉病菌的抑制活性优于先导化合物L1和肟菌酯,EC₅₀值为1.95μg/mL。     

Alkyl aryl ketone oxime O-ethers: A novel group of pyrethroids

The alkyl phenyl ketone oxime O-benzyl ethers are a new group of insecticidal compounds. Although they lack the ester linkage, they resemble the pyrethroids in general, and the esters of 2-phenylalkanoic acids, in particular fenvalerate, because they show similar physiological effects on isolated nerve preparations and on whole insects; they also show a similar pattern of change of biological activity in response to structural change. The compounds may exist as two geometric isomers, of which only the (E) series shows significant biological activity; this observation appears to have some bearing on the relationship between conformation and activity in the pyrethroid series as a whole.     

Milbemycin Oxime半抗原设计及其抗体制备

通过milbemycin oxime A4、A3(MILO)肟羟基与琥珀酸酐反应,合成了半抗原MILO-5-琥珀酰半酯,采用碳化二亚胺法将其与载体蛋白BSA偶联制备人工抗原。以此人工抗原免疫新西兰大白兔获得多克隆抗体,抗体效价达1∶ 12 800;用此抗体建立的间接竞争酶联免疫吸附(CI-ELISA)检测方法,线性范围在16.00~4 394.18 ng/mL,最低检测限(I10)为6.28 ng/mL。