广西百香果采后果腐病病原的鉴定

0 引言 百香果(Passiflora edulis),学名西番莲,为西番莲科(Passifloraceae)西番莲属(Passiflora Linn.)草质藤本植物,原产于南美洲的巴西,在我国主要种植于热带、亚热带地区,具有极高的营养、保健和商品价值[1-2].目前,我国百香果的主栽品种为紫果百香果(Passiflo...     

一种由可可毛色二孢引起的春芋新病害

正可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae(Pat.) GriffonMaubl.)是由Griffon和Maublanc~([1])在对Botryodiplodia theobromae进行订正的基础上而确立,Alves等~([2])于2008年对这个种又进行了研究并补充了DNA序列信息。可可毛色二孢是一种重要的病原菌,可引起多种植物的枯萎、根腐及焦枯等病害症状~([3,4])。而假可可毛色二     

芒果蒂腐病病原葡萄座腔菌科真菌种类鉴定

In order to identify the pathogen of Botryosphaeriaceae causing mango stem-end rot, tissue isolation method was used to process mango samples collected from Hainan, Guangxi, Yunnan, and Sichuan Provinces in China, and 58 fungal isolates were obtained. Among them, 39 isolates were belonged to Botryosphaeriaceae, accounting for 67.24%. These isolates were identified based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1 alpha (EF-1α). The results showed that there were four main species of Botryosphaeriaceae, including Neofusicoccum parvum (33.33%), Lasiodiplodia theobromae (30.77%), Botryosphaeria dothidea (28.21%), and L. pseudotheobromae (7.69%). The mango stem-end rot caused by L. pseudotheobroma was firstly reported in China. The virulence of the four species was tested by in vitro inoculation and the results showed that all isolates were pathogenic, among which L. theobromae, L. pseudotheobroma, and N. parvum were the “strong” grade, and B. dothidea was the “middle” grade.     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

<正>可可毛色二孢菌(Lasiodiplodia theobromae Pat. Griffon Maubl.)属葡萄座腔菌属(Botryosphaeria)病原菌的无性型,其有性型为Botryosphaeria rhodina(Berk. M.A. Curtis)Arx[1,2]。该病原菌可导致热带、亚热带地区的植物发生病害,如葡萄树干溃疡和顶梢枯死[3],春芋叶斑病[4],橄榄溃疡病[5]等。叶斑病是茶树的一类重要病害。近年来,不     

茶树叶斑病病原菌可可毛色二孢菌的鉴定

The tea leaf disease, which led to a large loss of production and decrease of quality, was found in the tea region in Huishui county, Guizhou province. Some strains were isolated from the diseased samples, and the representative strains fulfilled Koch’s postulate. Then the isolates were further identified as Lasiodiplodia theobromae based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analysis with internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and elongation factor 1-α (EF-1α) regions. The results showed that the pathogen of the leaf disease occurred in Huishui county, Guizhou province was L. theobromae.     

毛葡萄穗轴褐腐病病原菌鉴定及其生物学特性

罗城仫佬族自治县是广西毛葡萄主产区。穗轴褐腐病是近年为害毛葡萄花穗穗轴的主要病害。作者根据病原菌形态、致病性,并利用分子鉴定方法,将该病的致病菌鉴定为可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)。该病菌生长最适温度为28~30℃;可生长pH值为3~11.5,其中,pH 3~4利于病原菌产生分生孢子;能有效利用蔗糖、葡萄糖、可溶性淀粉等14种供试碳源,但以葡萄糖最好;能利用DL-丙氨酸、硝酸钠、DL-甲硫氨酸等10种供试氮源,但以DL-丙氨酸最适。     

油菜黑胫病菌和茎基溃疡病菌的LAMP检测方法的建立

 油菜黑胫病和油菜茎基溃疡病分别由子囊菌Leptosphaeria biglobosa和L. maculans引起。我国油菜产区仅发现L. biglobosa,未发现L. maculans。因而, L. maculans是我国的对外检疫性对象。这两种真菌形态相似,引起的病害症状相似,给田间快速准确鉴定带来难度。本研究基于环介导等温扩增技术(Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification, LAMP),建立了快速检测L. biglobosa和L. maculans的方法。根据ITS-rDNA序列设计了5条检测L. biglobosa的LAMP引物和6条检测L. maculans的LAMP引物,检测L. biglobosa和L. maculans的最适温度为65℃,反应时间分别为40 min和50 min。两组引物检测特异性高,检测的模板DNA极限达到fg级,与常规PCR检测相比,LAMP检测L. biglobosa和L. maculans灵敏度分别提高了100倍和1000倍。在病害样品实际检测中,采用两种LAMP体系,分别检测了9株罹病油菜茎秆中的病原菌。结果表明:所有茎秆中的病原菌均为L. biglobosa,没有检测到L. maculans,与特异性PCR检测结果一致。本研究建立的LAMP检测方法为快速高通量检测L. biglobosa和L. maculans奠定了基础。     

丹参茎基腐病病原鉴定及防治药剂筛选

 近年来,河南丹参产区发生一种新的病害,将其命名为茎基腐病害。为明确该病害的病原,课题组从河南丹参产区采集典型病害标本并进行病原菌分离,共获得 25株真菌分离物,其中23个分离物(SM1-SM23)形态与链格孢属真菌一致,2个分离物(SM24-SM25)形态与镰刀菌属真菌一致。选取代表性菌株SM10和SM24对丹参茎基进行致病性测定,分离物 SM10能够引起与病样一致的症状,并且在发病部位重新分离出该病原菌,完成科赫氏法则验证。通过形态及分子特征鉴定确定引起丹参芝基腐的病原菌为细极链格孢(Alternaria tenuissima)。在温度为28 ℃,光暗交替(12 h)最有利于病原菌的生长,pH值在5 ~ 11之间该菌生长良好,菌丝生长的最适碳氮源为可溶性淀粉和蛋白胨,产孢的最适碳氮源为乳糖和酵母浸出物。毒力测定结果表明,参试的5种药剂均对A. tenuissima有抑制效果,其中25%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂、43%戊唑醇悬浮剂和10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂对病原菌菌丝生长具有较好的防治效果,质量浓度为50 mg·L^-1时抑菌率分别为78.4%、100%和93.3%,可作为防治丹参茎基腐病的主选药剂。     

海南玉米穗腐病病原菌分离鉴定及优势种的遗传多样性分析

为了阐明海南省玉米穗腐病病原菌的种类,结合形态学和分子生物学方法对83份病样进行了病原菌的分离和鉴定,最终获得12种病原菌,包括拟轮枝镰孢(Fusarium verticillioides)、层出镰孢(F.proliferatum)、亚粘团镰孢(F.subglutinans)、木贼镰孢(F.equiseti)、新知镰孢(F.andiyazi)、棘孢木霉(Trichoderma asperellum)、拟康宁木霉(T.koningiopsis)、卵孢木霉(T.ovalisporum)、喙刚毛球腔菌(Exserohilum rostratum)、玉蜀黍平脐蠕孢(Bipolaris maydis)、草酸青霉(Penicillium oxalicum)和可可毛色二孢(Lasiodiplodia theobromae)。其中,拟轮枝镰孢分离频率占65.06%,为优势种。以拟轮枝镰孢的EF-1α、histone 3和β-tubulin基因序列为基础进行多基因家系分析,以明确海南省与内陆部分省份不同菌株之间的遗传关系。结果表明,海南省内菌株之间具有丰富的遗传多样性,而且海南省和内陆省份菌株之间存在高频率的基因交流。     

龙牙百合炭疽病病原菌鉴定

To clarify the causal pathogen of bulb rot within Lilium brownii var.viridulum cultivated in Yichun,Jiangxi Province,a field investigation was performed in manufacturing base in 2017.The pathogen was isolated from diseased bulbs and further identified base on morphological characteristics,pathogenicity testing,sequencing alignment and phylogenic analysis.By combining morphological characteristics with analysis of nucleotide sequences on rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS),actin (ACT),beta-tubulin (TUB2),chitin synthase (CHS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH),the fungal isolates were identified as Colletotrichum spaethianum.Taken together,the test with Koch's postulates confirmed that C.spaethianum was the pathogen of L.brownii var.viridulum bulb rot.