犬牙缰虾虎鱼外周血细胞的显微结构

采用Wright氏染色,对犬牙缰虾虎鱼外周血液进行观察,并进行各细胞测定,可鉴别出红细胞、血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、中性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞,以及幼稚、正在分裂、分解和解体状态的红细胞,未发现嗜酸性粒细胞。红细胞数量多,椭圆形,具椭圆核;血栓细胞体积最小,成3~5个聚集分布,大淋巴细胞体积最大。淋巴细胞可分为大、中、小淋巴细胞。在数量上,血栓细胞最多,淋巴细胞次之,单核细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞和嗜中性粒细胞则较少。     

长鳍裸颊鲷外周血细胞的显微结构

报道了长鳍裸颊鲷(Lethrinus erythropterus)外周血细胞的显微结构。血涂片经过WRIGHT氏染色,在Olympus BX51显微镜下观察,可鉴别出红细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、血栓细胞和单核细胞等7种类型的血细胞。红细胞数量最多,多为椭圆形,具有圆核;在白细胞中,数量多少依次是血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和单核细胞,嗜碱性粒细胞在外周血液中很罕见。血栓细胞体积最小,嗜中性粒细胞最大。淋巴细胞包括小淋巴细胞、中淋巴细胞和大淋巴细胞3种。     

厚颌鲂外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征研究

采用血细胞常规染色和细胞化学染色对厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)外周血细胞形态及细胞化学特征进行观察。结果显示:厚颌鲂外周血细胞可分为红细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和三种类型粒细胞。红细胞有幼稚、成熟和衰老三种形态,其中幼稚和衰老红细胞较少见;血栓细胞数量最多,其次是淋巴细胞。粒细胞中Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型较常见,Ⅲ型粒细胞少有。细胞化学染色显示幼红细胞、血栓细胞和淋巴细胞均呈ACP弱阳性;单核细胞呈ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅰ型粒细胞是嗜中性粒细胞,POX、ACP和ANAE阳性;Ⅱ型粒细胞是PAS-GL,PAS强阳性和ACP阳性;Ⅲ型粒细胞是Ⅰ型粒细胞的晚期形态。厚颌鲂的PAS-GL可能是嗜酸性/嗜碱性粒细胞,而不是嗜碱性粒细胞的前体。     

暗纹东方鲀外周血细胞的显微结构观察

报道了暗纹东方Ｔｕｎ外周血细胞的显微结构。血少片经Ｗｒｉｇｈｔ’ｓ氏染液染色后，可鉴别出红细胞、血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞。血细胞中，单核细胞数目和粒性细胞数目均很少，血栓细胞数目较多。在肝脏、头肾、脾的涂片中均见到嗜碱性粒细胞。     

黄鳍东方鲀外周血细胞显微结构及血液学指标研究

血涂片经Wright染色液染色,可区分出:红细胞、血栓细胞、淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞等5种血细胞,无嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞。白细胞中,血栓细胞数目最多,单核细胞数目最少。与其他硬骨鱼类相比,黄鳍东方鲀的血液性状指标处于较低水平;而雌雄差异不明显。结果可作为黄鳍东方鲀的正常生理常数参考值。     

双齿围沙蚕血细胞形态分析

为了解双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)血细胞的显微结构和组成,通过血涂片染色,并在显微镜下观察。实验结果:双齿围沙蚕血细胞的组成包括嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞和盘状细胞,其中体积最大的是单核细胞,体积最小的是血栓细胞;血栓细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞是数量最多的3种血细胞,占血细胞总量的85.37%;血淋巴中无红细胞,盘状细胞也罕见。     

低等脊椎动物血细胞研究概况

对低等脊椎动物血细胞分类、发生和功能的研究进展进行了综述.低等脊椎动物血细胞分红细胞和白细胞2类.其中白细胞又可分为淋巴细胞、血栓细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和浆细胞等.有关低等脊椎动物血细胞发生的研究报道较少,并主要集中在鱼类.鱼类血细胞发生的部位包括胸腺、头肾、体肾、脾脏、肝脏和肠粘膜下层等.血细胞的功能与维持动物机体内环境的稳定性有密切关系,低等脊椎动物的血细胞还具有吞噬、分泌等功能,并参与了机体伤口的修复和免疫防御等生理过程.     

Diff-Quik染色法在中华鳖血细胞染色中的应用

采用Diff-Quik染色法对中华鳖的血涂片进行染色,用DP-71显微成像系统采集血片细胞显微图像,经Image-proExpress5.1测量和分析中华鳖各类血细胞大小、比例。结果表明：①Diff-Quik染色后中华鳖各类血细胞核质染色差别明显,核质界面明显,各类白细胞的颗粒明显、易分辨。②中华鳖红细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞大小分别为17.86μm×12.43μm、16.26μm×13.67μm、12.28μm×10.98μm、14.63μm×12.83μm。嗜中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞、单核细胞和淋巴细胞占白细胞百分比分别为54.7、13.72、6.22和24.72,嗜碱性粒细胞仅为0.65。③比较Diff-Quik法、Giemsa法、Wright-Giemsa法对染色效果的影响,3种染色方法在细胞大小及白细胞分类比例上无明显差异。从核质界面、细胞颗粒特征性染色等来看,Diff-Quik法和Giemsa法优于Wright-Giemsa法。Diff-Quik法染色快捷、核质和颗粒染色清晰度更高,是一种适合大量标本快速染色的染色法,可适用于中华鳖的血细胞染色。     

成年似鲇高原鳅外周血细胞及血细胞发生的观察

通过对成年似鲇高原鳅(Triplophysa siluroides)外周血细胞涂片及中肾、肝脏和脾脏组织的印片进行瑞氏(Wright’s)、过碘酸雪夫氏(PAS)和苏丹黑B(SBB)染色,观察各类血细胞形态、大小、分布及细胞化学特征。结果表明:似鲇高原鳅血细胞可分为红细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和血栓细胞,各类血细胞的发生(除血栓细胞)均可分为原始、幼稚和成熟三个阶段。外周血中红细胞比例最多,为97.56%,白细胞中血栓细胞数量最多占52.86%,居白细胞的首位;三种粒细胞中嗜中性粒细胞数量最多占30.25%。粒细胞的主要发生场所在中肾占45.18%,红细胞的主要发生场所在脾脏,占71.62%,肝脏中未见原始血细胞。在中肾中同时可见嗜酸性、嗜碱性和嗜中性三种粒细胞的发生。各阶段的白细胞PAS染色均显示阳性,但只有各阶段的粒细胞SBB染色显示阳性。     

军曹鱼稚鱼外周血细胞及其形态学观察

以出膜后第60天的军曹鱼外周血液为材料,利用光镜显微技术研究了其血细胞的种类和形态。外周血液包括5种类型的血细胞,红细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞、嗜中性粒细胞和血栓细胞。血细胞计数测得红细胞密度为(2.97±0.82)×109ind.mL-1,白细胞密度为(1.39±0.94)×106ind.mL-1,淋巴细胞、嗜中性粒细胞、单核细胞和血栓细胞在白细胞中所占的比例分别为(53.00±8.51)%、(17.59±4.28)%、(4.78±1.37)%和(24.63±4.08)%。未见到嗜酸性粒细胞和嗜碱性粒细胞。血细胞计数结果表明,红细胞数量远远大于白细胞,白细胞中淋巴细胞数量最多,单核细胞数量最少。实验还观察到处于分裂状态的红细胞、细胞表面有伪足样胞突的小淋巴细胞和细胞表面有许多微绒毛突起的大淋巴细胞、核呈多种形态的单核细胞和中性粒细胞及不同形态的血栓细胞等。     

驼背鲈血细胞的超微结构

利用电镜技术对驼背鲈（Cromileptes altivelis）外周血细胞的超微结构进行了研究。结果表明，电镜下可区分6种类型的细胞：红细胞、粒细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞、血栓细胞和浆细胞。红细胞呈圆形或椭圆形，可见线粒体、少数囊泡；根据细胞中的颗粒形态大小和细胞核的形态，可将粒细胞分为4种类型：I型粒细胞、II型粒细胞、III型粒细胞和IV型粒细胞。单核细胞圆形，表面较平整，偶有伪足伸出，空泡多见；淋巴细胞的胞质少，仅在细胞核边缘处形成薄薄的一层，细胞器少；血栓细胞异染色质丰富，沿核膜呈带状分布，胞质中有较多大小不等的空泡和少量的线粒体；浆细胞中粗面内质网成层分布包绕在核周围。此外可见到嗜曙红细胞吞噬红细胞、血栓细胞成群聚集分布的现象。     

珍珠龙胆石斑鱼血细胞发生的研究

用瑞氏染液对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的头肾、体肾、脾脏等器官组织的涂片、印片进行染色、观察、测定和统计,以研究血细胞发生。试验结果显示,红细胞的发育经历4个阶段,分别是原红细胞、幼红细胞、红细胞和衰老红细胞,细胞体积逐渐变小;粒细胞的发育经历5个阶段,分别是原粒细胞、早幼粒细胞、中幼粒细胞、晚幼粒细胞和成熟粒细胞,中性粒细胞的体积由大变小再变大,嗜酸性粒细胞体积逐渐变小;单核细胞和淋巴细胞的发育经历3个阶段,分别是原始、幼稚和成熟,细胞体积逐渐变小。珍珠龙胆石斑鱼的各种细胞体积均较其他鱼类的细胞体积大;中性粒细胞的体积与嗜酸性粒细胞的体积差异较大。脾脏中未观察到原红细胞和原粒细胞,仅在体肾中观察到巨噬细胞和网状细胞。头肾是珍珠龙胆石斑鱼最主要的造血器官,体肾次之。头肾和体肾是珍珠龙胆石斑鱼红细胞、粒细胞的主要发生器官;头肾、体肾、脾脏是原单核细胞、原淋巴细胞发生的主要场所。     

Water quality and stocking density as stressors of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.)

The influences of heated recirculated water and well water on three stocking densities of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.) were compared, based on several physiological and hematological parameters. Controls were kept in well water only. The leucocyte count of fish kept in well water generally decreased, and their thrombocyte, lymphocyte and granulocyte counts were lower at higher stocking densities. In addition, a slight hemoconcentration was observed. The fish kept in recirculated water showed a decrease only in thrombocyte count. Plasma cortisol and blood glucose did not change and in all groups were at a level characteristic of resting fish. In contrast, the blood lactate levels were always high. This may have been caused by the anesthetization. The alterations found are regarded as symptoms of the “general adaptation syndrome” induced by the stocking rates. High lymphocyte and granulocyte counts among the fish in reused water are signs of local adaptations to reduced water quality.     

紫红笛鲷血细胞发生研究

将体质量510~620 g的紫红笛鲷用间氨基苯甲酸乙酯甲磺酸盐麻醉后解剖,取出头肾、体肾、肝脏、脾脏,用干净的刀片居中横切、纵切,印片和涂片用Wright-Giemsa染液染色10 min,观察头肾、体肾、脾脏、肝脏4个组织印片以及外周血涂片。试验结果显示,头肾、体肾、脾脏是其造血器官。头肾能发育生成各类型血细胞,体肾能生成红细胞、淋巴细胞、粒细胞和单核细胞,脾脏能生成淋巴细胞。肝脏中未发现幼稚型血细胞。红细胞发育经过原红细胞、早幼红细胞、中幼红细胞、晚幼红细胞和红细胞5个阶段;原粒细胞发育至早幼粒细胞后,分化为嗜碱性中幼粒细胞、嗜酸性中幼粒细胞和中性中幼粒细胞,最后发育成嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和中性粒细胞;淋巴细胞和单核细胞发育经过原始、幼稚和成熟3个阶段。血细胞在发育过程中,胞体逐渐变小,细胞核逐渐变小,染色质由疏松到致密;粒细胞中,颗粒由少到多。     

The test of a centrifugal hematology system for use in clinical practice

The QBC is a centrifugal haematology system. Modified haematocrit capillaries are measured optically. The parameters haematocrit, total leukocyte count, relative and absolute values of granulocyte and lympho-/monocyte fractions, and total thrombocyte count are stated. The microhaematocrit method, the counting chamber, and the differential blood count are reference methods. Blood samples of the dog, cat and horse were used for the study. As a screening method the QBC analysis meets all requirements for the veterinary practice.     

中华鳖肝组织炎性细胞的浸润及其结构↑（*）

用组织化学和显微及亚显微生物技术，研究了患非寄生性肝病中华鳖（Ｔｒｉｏｎｙｘｓｉｎｅｎｓｉｓ）的外周血、肝静脉血血相变化和浸润肝组织炎性细胞的亚显微结构及其细胞免疫病理反应。结果表明，中华鳖的炎性细胞趋化性强、浸润面广。其剧烈的非特异性细胞免疫反应表现为：嗜中性粒细胞数量多、个体大、结构变化复杂，并在非特异性细胞免疫反应中发挥重要作用，其次是淋巴细胞、Ｋｕｆｅｒ细胞；肝组织中被激活的白细胞在结构和数量上发生显著变化，并在浸润肝组织后聚集、吞噬、消化，发生强烈的细胞免疫反应。红细胞发生渗出性病理反应。     

三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)血细胞发生的形态学研究

观察和测定了三倍体虹鳟(Oncorhynchus mykiss)肝脏、脾脏、头肾和外周血液血细胞的发生过程。结果显示:三倍体虹鳟外周血红细胞具有分裂的能力,外周血液是其进一步发育成熟的场所,其进一步发育成熟有核质非同步分裂(核分裂先于质分裂呈双核型)和核质哑铃型同步分裂两种形式。外周血液中未成熟红细胞、单核细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞细胞比例分别为5.81%、4.14%、4.52%和3.38%,其4类未成熟细胞比例明显高于造血器官;外周血液中成熟红细胞为69.6%,与造血器官成熟红细胞的比例无显著差异;外周血中单核细胞、淋巴细胞和粒细胞细胞比例分别为6.60%、4.71%和1.24%,三类细胞比例明显低于造血器官(头肾中单核细胞除外)。     

Ultrastructural effects of the coccidium, Eimeria funduli Duszynski, Solangi and Over street, 1979 on the liver of killifishes

Abstract. Ultrastructural studies were made on the inflammatory response in livers of two killifishes, Fundulus grandis and F. similis , experimentally infected with the coccidium Eimeria funduli. Coinciding with the formation and development of gamonts of E. funduli , changes took place in the liver and leucocytes appeared in that organ. Near areas of developing macrogamonts, many hepatocytes degenerated whereas others contained residual bodies which indicated sublethal damage. The damage was probably associated with merozoite formation and release. Filament-rich perisinusoidal cells hypertrophied during the development of E. funduli and contributed to walling off aggregates of oocysts from uninfected liver tissue. Leucocytes involved in the host response included lymphocytes, monocytes, heterophils, eosinophils and an unidentified third type of granulocyte. The heterophil was the first granulocyte to respond to the parasite and sometimes appeared to penetrate the parasitophorous vacuole of degenerating macrogamonts. Degranulating eosinophils were often observed near damaged tissues. Both the monocyte and eosinophil were phagocytically active. The monocyte was more phagocytically active and contained both host cells and parasite debris, whereas the eosinophil contained only debris from degenerating macrogamonts. The presence of immature granulocytes in the liver suggests that at least some granulocyte formation occurred in the liver.     

Alteration of the haemocyte parameters,expression of immune‐related and neurohormone bursicon genes of giant river prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man) in the response to salinity stress and ammonia stress

We examined the effects of salinity stress and ammonia stress on alteration of the haemocyte count, phenoloxidase activity, expressions of immune‐related genes including prophenoloxidase (proPO), crustin, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and expressions of stress‐responsive neurohormone (Bur‐α and Bur‐β) in the thoracic and abdominal ganglia of giant river prawn Macrobrachium. These parameters of prawn that subjected to salinity stress (transferred from 0‰ to 5‰ and 10‰), and subjected to ammonia‐nitrogen (ammonia‐N) stress (transferred from 0 to 0.262 mg/L and 0.786 mg/L) were examined after 0, 3, 6, 24, 72 and 168 hr respectively. During the initial period of 3, 6 and 24 hr, granulocyte haemocyte (granular and semi‐granular hemocyte) count and PO activity significantly decreased, while expressions of Bur‐α and Bur‐β significantly increased. After 24 hr, granulocyte haemocyte count and PO activity significantly increased, whereas expressions of Bur‐α and Bur‐β significantly decreased. The expressions of proPO, crustin and HSP70 were significantly downregulated in the prawn that subjected to salinity stress and ammonia‐N stress at all time periods of 3–168 hr. In conclusion, changes in the granulocyte haemocyte count of M. rosenbergii following salinity stress and ammonia‐N stress are closely associated with the changes of Bur‐α and Bur‐β expressions.     

三疣梭子蟹颗粒血细胞单克隆抗体的研制及7种甲壳类动物血细胞的交叉反应研究

为研究虾蟹类甲壳动物血细胞膜表面是否具有相同的抗原决定簇及共同抗原表位的生物学特征,采用制备的抗三疣梭子蟹颗粒血细胞单克隆抗体,通过激光共聚焦扫描显微镜(laser scanning confocal microscopy,LSCM)、免疫印迹(Western blot)和流式细胞术(Flow Cytometry,FCM)等多种方法,测定了7种甲壳类动物(凡纳滨对虾、中国明对虾、刀额新对虾、口虾蛄、中华绒螯蟹、日本板蟹及美洲黄道蟹)颗粒血细胞及透明血细胞与三疣梭子蟹颗粒血细胞单克隆抗体发生特异性结合的抗原表位。LSCM可观察到该株抗三疣梭子蟹颗粒血细胞单克隆抗体与中华绒螯蟹和日本板蟹血细胞交叉反应结果为阳性,分析发现在中华绒螯蟹血淋巴中阳性颗粒血细胞在其颗粒血细胞总数中占76.74%,阳性透明血细胞在其透明血细胞总数中占70.59%,日本板蟹阳性颗粒血细胞在其颗粒血细胞总数中占73.86%,阳性透明血细胞在其透明血细胞总数中占16.67%,其余5种甲壳类动物均为阴性;Western blot测试结果显示该株单克隆抗体仅与中华绒螯蟹血细胞反应,且发生反应的抗原决定簇位于分子量为30 ku的蛋白带上;FCM分析发现该株单克隆抗体与中华绒螯蟹透明血细胞和颗粒血细胞均可发生交叉反应,阳性率分别为57.72%和77.05%,与日本板蟹透明血细胞阳性反应极少,阳性率仅为9.57%,与颗粒血细胞发生阳性反应的阳性率为82.59%。