施氏鲟不同年龄性腺发育与性类固醇激素浓度关系

采用放射免疫方法测得养殖施氏鲟群体 5个年龄组及亲鱼 (8龄 )血液中睾酮 (Testosterone ,T)、雌二醇 (17β-estradi ol,E2 )的不同含量 ,并与其对应年龄的性腺组织学观察进行分析。结果显示 ,1龄性腺刚刚完成性分化发育初期 ,T( X±SD) =(1.8± 0 .72 4 )nmol/L ,α =0 .0 1;E2 ( X±SD) =(5 5 .8± 2 .879)pmol/L ,α =0 .0 5。 2龄精巢Ⅱ期 ,卵巢I期 ,T( X±SD)=(2 .2± 0 .934)nmol/L ,α =0 .0 1。E2 ( X±SD) =(38.9± 2 .343)pmol/L ,α =0 .0 5。 3～ 4龄鱼卵巢发育在Ⅰ～Ⅱ期 ,精巢Ⅲ-Ⅳ期。 3龄T( X±SD) =(9.6± 1.936 )nmol/L ,α =0 .0 5 ;E2 ( X±SD) =(4 4 .8± 2 .6 0 5 )pmol/L ,α =0 .0 5。4龄鱼T( X±SD)=(2 6 .3± 2 .10 5 )nmol/L ,α=0 .0 5 ;E2 ( X±SD) =(5 5 .3± 3.0 5 3)pmol/L ,α =0 .0 5。 5龄鱼卵巢发育在Ⅲ期左右 ,精巢已发育成熟 ,T( X±SD) =(13.9± 1.6 5 2 )nmol/L ,α=0 .0 5。E2 ( X±SD) =(137.7± 5 .880 ) pmol/L ,α=0 .0 5。雄亲鱼血液中T含量变化在 4 0 .5～ 74 .6nmol/L ,E2 含量变化在 5 6～ 116pmol/L。雌亲鱼血液中T含量变化为 39.7～ 73.2nmol/L ,E2 含量变化在 5 4 4～ 90 4pmol/L     

人工养殖施氏鲟性腺发育观察

供实验用施氏鲟（Acipenser schrenckii）为野生亲本人工繁殖的第1代人工养殖群体。对0-4龄鲟性腺发育定期活体取样监测观察，发现雌鲟在3龄，肉眼可以观察到卵巢中直径为0.2-0.3mm的白色卵粒，处于卵巢发育的第Ⅱ期。4龄雌鲟卵径达0.5-0.8mm，卵黄生长期开始，卵核位于卵母细胞的中央。推测养殖雌性施氏鲟在5-6龄可以达到性成熟产卵。3龄雄性养殖施氏鲟精巢宽0.9-1.5cm，重9.1-15.6g，呈粉白色。4龄雄鲟已完全达到性成熟，精巢宽度达3.5-5.7cm，重260-504g，通过注射激素催情，可获得大量优质精液。养殖雄性施氏鲟的性成熟年龄比野生的提早3-4年。     

塑膜大棚内中华鳖发育过程血清性激素与性腺发育的研究

以塑膜大棚内养殖的不同龄的中华鳖为试验材料,观察其性腺形态学和组织学的变化,并用酶联免疫吸附法测定血清中睾酮和雌二醇的含量。研究发现,塑膜大棚内中华鳖不仅生长速度加快,而且性腺发育也提前。大棚内养殖的中华鳖的性腺质量和性腺指数明显大于露天池塘养殖的同等鳖龄的中华鳖的性腺质量和性腺指数。半年龄鳖精巢的曲细精管中填塞精原细胞;1龄鳖的精巢,曲细精管中精原细胞2～3层,分布较散;2龄鳖的精巢,生精上皮层数很多,包括精原细胞、初级与次级精母细胞、精子细胞,并且已见圆形精子细胞和拉长的精子出现在管腔中;3龄鳖的精巢,管腔明显增大,生精上皮比2龄鳖的生精上皮层数少,可见靠近基膜的极少量精原细胞、初级与次级精母细胞,变态后的精子细胞的数量最多。半年龄鳖的卵巢内卵泡已经发育至初级卵泡期,1龄鳖的卵泡处于生长卵泡期,2龄鳖的卵巢处于卵黄发生期,3龄鳖处于排卵期。雄性鳖的睾酮的峰值出现于2龄鳖,即生精活动的旺盛期;雌性鳖的睾酮峰值出现于1龄时,即卵泡的生长期;而2龄、3龄的雌鳖的睾酮含量明显降低,即在卵黄形成期和排卵期,睾酮含量是降低的。雌性鳖的雌二醇,在3龄时即卵黄的沉积期和成熟卵的形成期达到最高值。雄性鳖的雌二醇,在2龄时出现最高值,此时生精活动最为旺盛。     

1例人工养殖子一代中华鲟雌雄同体现象的初步研究

通过对1尾养殖过程中死亡的子一代中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis,14+龄,体长163 cm,体质量51.54 kg)的死亡原因调查、分析,发现该尾中华鲟为雌雄同体。经对其性腺组织的影像及组织切片观察,发现该中华鲟性腺同时存在精巢和卵巢,性腺以精巢为主,精巢上间生多叶卵巢组织,左侧性腺长61 cm、重0.436 kg,右侧性腺长64 cm、重0.422 kg,性腺上附着有占比较大的脂肪组织,精巢和卵巢均处于Ⅱ期发育时相。该尾雌雄同体中华鲟的发现,是人工养殖条件下中华鲟成鱼雌雄同体现象的一个例证,其发生的原因、机制及其价值尚有待进一步研究和探讨。     

长丰鲢繁殖生物学研究

本研究对长丰鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Changfeng)新品种的性腺发育、性成熟年龄和繁殖力进行了分析,结果显示:1龄长丰鲢的性腺发育不明显,处于Ⅰ期;2龄长丰鲢性腺均处于Ⅱ期,肉眼可分辨雌雄;3龄长丰鲢的性腺处于Ⅲ～Ⅳ期,部分个体发育到Ⅳ期,初次性成熟;4龄长丰鲢的性腺均发育至Ⅳ期,适宜繁殖。长丰鲢雌鱼的最小性成熟年龄为3冬龄,最小体质量为2.20 kg,最小体长为47.40 cm,雄鱼的最小性成熟年龄3龄,最小体质量为2.10 kg,最小体长为52.30 cm。3、4、5、6龄长丰鲢的平均绝对繁殖力分别为617 641、761 167、1 598 551、1 684 025粒,平均相对繁殖力分别为218 616、129 342、215 769、215 657粒/kg;长丰鲢绝对繁殖力和体质量、体长均呈二项式相关。3龄长丰鲢卵径约为983.7μm,而4、5、6龄长丰鲢的平均卵径分别为1 082.6、1 069.2、1 090.0μm;初次性成熟的卵径较小,之后再次性成熟时卵径之间无明显差异。     

范厝库区鲂性腺发育周年变化的观测

范厝库区鲂雌性成熟年龄为3龄，雄鱼2龄；性成熟后，鲂性腺发育具有明显周年变化规律，卵巢精巢可分为六个发育时期：冬季，达性成熟的鲂卵巢为Ⅲ期，精巢为Ⅳ期；每年5月份雌鱼成熟系数提高，是该库鲂鱼的主要产卵期；3～5龄鲂绝对生殖力均值为157000粒，相对生殖力均值为218粒。     

大黄鱼性腺性别分化的组织学观察

利用组织学方法研究了大黄鱼的性腺分化和发育规律。大黄鱼受精卵于2009年9月22日开始孵化,孵化水温26℃,育苗水温22.0~25.8℃,养殖水温11.5~25.6℃。20日龄稚鱼(体长17.6~19.2 mm)腹腔中一对原始性腺已经形成。55日龄幼鱼(体长27.5~37.0 mm)半数个体性腺中形成成簇发育的卵原细胞群,标志着卵巢解剖学分化开始。减数分裂和卵巢腔的形成同时开始于60日龄(体长28.0~37.2 mm)。120日龄幼鱼(体长39.2~51.0 mm)性腺中,初级卵母细胞出现,标志着卵巢细胞学分化的开始。精巢分化开始于第95日龄(体长38.0~48.0 mm),其解剖学标志为生精导管的形成及体细胞在性腺中的散布方式。145～195日龄,由于水温过低,鱼苗停止生长,期间性腺发育水平没有明显变化。215日龄幼鱼(体长44.0~59.2 mm)性腺中精母细胞的出现标志着精巢细胞学分化的开始。精小叶于230日龄(体长56.2~72.8 mm)形成。由此可见,大黄鱼雌性性腺发育早于雄性性腺,且大黄鱼性腺分化类型属于分化型雌雄异体型。     

厚唇裂腹鱼性腺发育周期及血清中性激素含量变化

为探明厚唇裂腹鱼的精巢、卵巢周年发育及血清中性激素含量的变化，2020年8月—2021年8月，每月在克孜勒河采样，获得样本共计194尾，采用常规石蜡切片方法对其精巢和卵巢进行观察，以耳石为鉴定材料对厚唇裂腹鱼最小性成熟个体年龄进行研究，选取成熟鱼卵描绘卵径分布判断其产卵类型，采用酶联免疫法测定厚唇裂腹鱼各发育周期的雌二醇和睾酮的质量浓度。试验结果显示：厚唇裂腹鱼精巢和卵巢发育分为6个时期；雄鱼最小性成熟个体年龄为2龄，雌性最小性成熟个体年龄为3龄，精巢发育早于卵巢；厚唇裂腹鱼产卵期在3—5月，卵粒的数量百分比在直径2.9～<3.1 mm时出现峰值，产卵后的Ⅵ期卵巢中极少存在成熟的卵粒，判断其产卵类型为完全同步产卵类型；雌鱼与雄鱼血清中雌二醇和睾酮的质量浓度均在Ⅴ期时达到最高。厚唇裂腹鱼属于完全同步产卵类型，性腺于2017年3—5月发育成熟并产卵，雌二醇和睾酮的质量浓度在厚唇裂腹鱼繁殖期间显著增加。     

池塘养殖黄斑篮子鱼初次性成熟性腺发育研究

研究池养黄斑篮子鱼(Siganus oramin)初次性成熟的性腺发育及季节性变化,可为其全人工繁殖提供基础数据。2019年1—7月,每月取1~+龄黄斑篮子鱼进行解剖取性腺切片,计算性腺成熟系数(GSI)和肝体指数(HSI)。结果显示,实验期间性腺发育可分为Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ5个时期,未发现Ⅰ期性腺。1月全部为Ⅱ期;2月卵巢仍为Ⅱ期,部分精巢达Ⅲ期;3月卵巢约一半发育至Ⅲ期,个别Ⅳ期,精巢主要为Ⅳ期,部分Ⅴ期,能挤出精液;4月GSI最大,精巢基本都为Ⅴ期,卵巢少部分发育成熟,绝大部分停留在Ⅲ、Ⅳ期,少量为Ⅱ期;5月繁殖个体性腺短暂进入Ⅵ期后迅速退化,未成熟个体性腺停止发育并退化;6月性腺退化至Ⅱ期;7月保持Ⅱ期,GSI进一步降低。池养黄斑篮子鱼初次性成熟雌性GSI为1.74‰～133.44‰,雄性GSI为1.06‰～138.51‰,均在3—5月出现一次高峰,HSI与GSI的变化趋势一致,但提前1个月左右达到峰值。黄斑篮子鱼卵巢发育是完全同步型,为一次产卵鱼类,繁殖期为3月底至5月初。     

水温对半滑舌鳎性腺组织发育的影响

探讨了不同温度(19,21,23,25和27 ℃)对半滑舌鳎的性腺组织发育的影响。在受精后39～106 d对半滑舌鳎进行温度控制处理,通过石蜡组织切片,对半滑舌鳎早期性腺分化发育进行组织学观察。发现在19 ℃饲养条件下,受精后46 d(pfd46)半滑舌鳎性腺原始生殖细胞数量增加,有分化成卵巢的倾向;在该条件下,pfd82半滑舌鳎性腺开始分化为精巢。pfd82时,27 ℃条件下的幼鱼卵巢中卵原细胞数目大量增殖;精巢中精小叶多而密,结缔组织间隔清晰。pfd129时,27 ℃处理的幼鱼卵巢发育到Ⅱ期,其他温度处理组仍处于Ⅰ期卵巢,但随着温度的提高,卵巢中卵母细胞数目增多,且由散乱分布变为有序的排列在卵巢小叶中;精巢中贮精囊数量增多,囊腔中精子增多。pfd142时,高温处理组幼鱼性腺发育最快,其Ⅱ期卵巢中卵母细胞数目最多,精巢中后期生精细胞偏多,精子几乎分布到各个精小叶中,且贮精囊结构发达,内纳高密度精子,在周围输精管中也分布着精子。结果表明,温度影响了半滑舌鳎性腺发育程度,二者呈现线性关系,在适当温度范围内,性腺发育速度随着温度升高而加快。     

Change in Sox9 protein localization through gonad development in Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii)

The Russian sturgeon is a highly prized species reared in aquaculture. The process of gonad development in this critically endangered species is poorly understood. The aim of this study was to describe the localization of Sox9 protein during gonad development of the Russian sturgeon from the day of hatching to the 1440 day post hatching (dph). The larvae at age 1, 10, 25 dph and prepared gonads of 300, 720, 1440 dph individuals were immunohistochemistry‐stained for Sox9 detection. Sox9‐positive regions were detected in larvae in primordial germ cells cytoplasm. Analysis of 300 dph sturgeon gonads revealed the presence of the Sox9 protein in cytoplasm of some oocytes in the chromatin nucleus stage. In testes at 720 dph, Sox9 was observed in the cytoplasm of type A and early B spermatogonias. In the ovaries, Sox9 was observed in the cytoplasm of diplotene oocytes and prefollicular cells. In testes of 1440 dph sturgeon, Sox9 was present in the nucleus of the spermatocytes and in types A and B spermatogonias cytoplasm. Analysis of ovaries at 1440 dph reveals multiple diplotene oocytes with a Sox9‐positive cytoplasm. Furthermore, in 720 and 1440 dph, sturgeon presence of intersexual gonads was detected. In intersex gonads, Sox9 was observed in the cytoplasm of diplotene oocytes and type A spermatogonias. This study may be the first attempt to determine Sox9 protein localization during ontogenesis of the Russian sturgeon. Localization of Sox9 protein may become a useful marker of the maturation level in testis of the Russian sturgeon.     

不同年龄和性腺发育阶段圆口铜鱼营养成分组成分析

由于水电梯级开发和过度捕捞等人类活动影响,长江上游珍稀特有鱼类圆口铜鱼（Coreius guichenoti）资源量显著下降。增殖放流是保护该物种的有效途径之一,而人工繁育过程中为圆口铜鱼提供营养全面的饲料对其性腺发育至关重要。通过分析比较不同年龄和性腺发育阶段的圆口铜鱼肌肉营养成分、肌肉和性腺氨基酸组成,可为其人工饲料的开发提供基础数据。结果显示：(1)随着年龄的增长,圆口铜鱼肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量均呈先降低、后增加的趋势;(2)性腺从II 期到IV 期的发育过程中,圆口铜鱼肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量均升高;(3)性腺中谷氨酸和亮氨酸在所有氨基酸中的占比较高,分别为9.82%和6.74%,其中10 种氨基酸的含量、必需氨基酸总量和氨基酸总量均显著低于肌肉组织中的含（P<0.05）,而每100 g 蛋白质中脯氨酸（3.19±0.22）g 和丝氨酸（3.56±0.27）g 含量显著高于肌肉组织中的含（P<0.05）。研究表明,圆口铜鱼肌肉营养成分、氨基酸组成与其年龄和发育期有着密切联系。随着性腺发育,其肌肉粗蛋白、粗脂肪和氨基酸含量呈增加趋势,谷氨酸、亮氨酸和脯氨酸在圆口铜鱼性腺发育过程中可能起关键作用。     

东海宽体舌鳎的个体生殖力

对宽体舌鳎的个体生殖力的分布特征、变化规律及其与各体征指标的关系进行了研究，结果表明个体绝对生殖力r、相对生殖力r/L、r/W均服从正态分布；个体生殖力r、r/L与全长、体高等各度量指标均呈幂函数关系，与体重、纯重等各称量指标均呈线性相关，而r/W除了与表明性腺成熟程度的指标（性腺重、成熟系数）线性相关外，与其它各体征指标均不相关；由典型相关分析得到r主要与鱼体的大小有关，而r/L则主要与鱼的体型有关；4龄前个体生殖力r、r/L都随着鱼的年龄的增长而增加，而r/W则不随鱼的年龄而变化。     

厦门杏林湾鲻鱼年龄和生长的研究

厦门杏林湾鲻鱼鳞片年轮可作为年龄鉴定依据。鳞片边缘增长率a的周年变化，表明鳞片年轮每年形成一次，新年轮主要在10-11月间出现。已计算出鲻鱼体长与鳞长、体长与体重的关系式。3龄鱼以前属于幼鱼生长阶段，体长和体重的相对增长率较大，生长指标较高；3龄鱼以后则进入成鱼生长阶段。其生长适合于von Bertalanffy生长方程，体重生长曲线的拐点位于2龄至2．5龄之间，其生长速度和加速度曲线能反映生长过程的变化特征，合理捕捞的生物学指标应以生长转折点较为适当，限制捕捞1龄和2龄的港养鲻鱼是提高单位面积产量的关键之一。     

Gonadal morphogenesis and sex differentiation in cultured chub mackerel,Scomber japonicus

The timing of primordial germ‐cell (PGC) migration with regard to the gonadal anlagen, gonad formation and sex differentiation was examined histologically in the chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus) at 5–190 days post hatching (dph). At 5 dph, PGCs appeared on the peritoneal epithelium surface or in the mesentery, on the dorsal side of the abdominal cavity. By 10 dph, stromal cells around the PGCs proliferated. The gonadal primordium was formed by 15 dph. The gonadosomatic index was 0.01% at 30 dph and increased thereafter (0.32% in females and 0.04% in males at 160 dph). Ovarian differentiation occurred at 30–40 dph, indicated by ovarian cavity formation (elongation and fusion of the upper and lower ovarian edges). Meiosis was subsequently initiated. A few meiotic oocytes surrounded the cavity at 50 dph; most were in the perinucleolus stage at 60 dph and attained a diameter of 60–70 μm at 190 dph. Testicular differentiation occurred at 30 dph, indicated by the formation of the sperm duct primordium. Spermatogonia gradually proliferated, developing into spermatocytes at the chromatin–nucleolus stage (after 90 dph) and subsequently into spermatids and spermatozoa (160 dph). These data could aid the development of seeding and cell‐engineering technologies for scombrid fish.     

Effects of dietary phospholipid and highly unsaturated fatty acid on the gonadal development, tissue proximate composition, lipid class and fatty acid composition of precocious Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis

Precocious puberty is a major constraint to the economical rearing Eriocheir sinensis farming. Although dietary phospholipid (PL) and highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) reportedly enhanced ovarian development in normal adult E. sinensis , it had opposite effects of reducing precocity in juveniles . This study investigated the effects of dietary PL and HUFA on survival, gonadal development and biochemical composition of precocious E. sinensis . Two diets with PL and HUFA supplementation (diet A) and deficient (diet B) were formulated and fed to precocious E. sinensis . Although no significant differences were found on survival and gonadosomatic index of crabs fed both diets, crabs fed diet B had significantly higher hepatosomatic index and hepatopancrean lipid content than crabs fed diet A. The percentages, 14:0, 18:1n-9, 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, in hepatopancreas, muscle and gonads were positively correlated to the diets. Interestingly, the crabs fed diet B accumulated significantly higher 18:2n-6 in gonads and muscle than those fed diet A. Furthermore, substantially higher 20:4n-6 was detected in the gonad and muscle than in the diets. These results suggested that dietary PL and HUFA had limited effects on male gonad biochemical composition. Meanwhile, the precocious E. sinensis may be capable of negating the negative effects of HUFA deficiency by enhanced tissue 18:2n-6 accumulation and converting 18:2n-6 to 20:4n-6.     

太湖河川沙塘鳢的生物学研究

研究了河川沙塘鳢的年轮特征、生长特性、繁殖和摄食习性。观察比较了耳石、鳞片、脊椎骨和胸鳍支鳍骨的年轮特征，选取耳石作为鉴定年龄的依据。渔获物有０～Ⅳ龄五个年龄组，其中Ⅰ和Ⅱ龄组占渔获量的８５％，Ⅳ龄组仅为１．０２％。体长与耳石半径呈直线相关。体长与体重（Ｗ）和纯体重（Ｗ′）均呈指数函数增长关系，Ｗ＝２．２４１６×１０－２Ｌ３．０８６７；Ｗ′＝２．４９８×１０－２Ｌ２．９７４７。卵巢发育分Ⅵ期及重复发育的Ⅳ′和Ⅴ′期，属分批非同步型产卵鱼类，产卵时间为３～６月，盛产期为４～５月，繁殖期间至少产两次卵。该鱼主要以无经济价值的小鱼和虾为食     

养殖银鲳性腺发育规律和性类固醇激素变化

为掌握养殖银鲳的性腺发育规律及其与性类固醇激素水平的关系,本研究采用组织切片技术和酶联免疫吸附法(Elisa),观察养殖条件下银鲳的精巢与卵巢发育特征和血清中性类固醇激素的周年变化,并分析性腺成熟指数(GSI)、肝重指数(HSI)和肥满度(CF)与性腺发育的关系。结果显示,养殖银鲳雌鱼1龄即可发育成熟,成熟卵巢呈一对""形的囊状结构。11月份有近一半个体发育至III期,33.3%已发育至IV期,12月—翌年1月越冬期间约2/3退化至II期,3月又迅速发育至IV期,4月份达到V期并产卵,5月份产卵结束卵巢进入恢复期IV期。银鲳精巢属小叶型,III期精巢出现小叶腔,IV期精巢出现精子,精巢发育速率快于卵巢,即"雄性早熟",7月龄约20%个体可达到性成熟,越冬时退化至III期,3月重新发育,精子分批成熟排精。雌鱼GSI值为0.19%~12.89%,HSI为0.97%~2.30%,CF为2.30~3.08 g/cm~3,雄鱼的GSI为0.08%~2.62%,HSI值为0.73%~1.83%,CF为2.11~2.80 g/cm~3,GSI值在V期时达到最大,HSI和CF值则于IV期达到峰值。雌鱼血清中雌二醇(E2)周年表达水平为23.27~59.13 pg/m L,雄鱼为15.90~36.20 pg/m L,雌鱼的睾酮(T)为14.57~68.67 nmol/L,雄鱼的T为18.62~66.49 nmol/L,E2水平与HSI值呈现显著正相关关系,T表达水平与GSI值呈现显著正相关关系。研究表明,银鲳血清中性类固醇激素含量与精巢和卵巢的发育密切相关,可作为了解养殖银鲳性腺发育的重要指标。     

A shortcut method for sexing juvenile European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L.

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and effective method of sexing juvenile sea bass with minimum labour and material. To this end, the gonad squash mount technique was applied along with macroscopic techniques for sexing a large number of experimental fish at the age of 215–275 days post fertilization (p.f.). At this age, 90% of the 3894 fish could be unambiguously sexed by macroscopic examination of their gonads, whereas the remaining proportion was identified using squash mount preparations (10%). The accuracy of the observations was measured up to classical histology procedures. Undifferentiated fish accounted for 0.1% of the total population only. The application of the squash mount technique holds out the prospect of considerable improvement in the efficiency and rapidity of current sexing techniques in sea bass.