升降式水产养殖水质自动检测系统设计

水产养殖水质参数检测作为现代化水产养殖的重要特征正受到越来越多的关注。为满足水产养殖业对水质环境参数检测的迫切需求,研究设计了一种升降式水产养殖水质自动检测系统。该系统由无线传感模块和传感器保护模块构成,无线传感模块采用GPRS无线传感技术实现水质参数的采集和传送;传感器保护模块利用PIC16F877A型单片机作为控制器,通过ZigBee实现与服务器的远程通信,从而控制检测装置的升降和水质传感器的冲洗与保湿。通过PC或手机客户端,养殖户可以对检测系统进行实时监测和控制。结果显示,系统运行稳定,装配简易,操作方便,实现了对鱼塘水温、溶氧和p H的自动检测;远程控制反应时间在1 s以内,数据传输错误率基本为0;溶氧、p H和温度传感器的最大相对误差分别为0.55%、1.89%和1.32%。研究表明,升降式机械结构工作稳定,实现了传感器的冲洗、保湿功能,远程控制动作反应速度和测量精度达到水产养殖水质信息采集的要求,能够满足水产养殖水质检测的应用要求。     

基于云存储及Android的水产苗种培育水质监控系统设计

针对水产苗种培育过程中人工观测水体环境存在不精确和不及时的问题,设计开发了基于物联网云存储及Android平台的水产苗种培育水质参数远程无线监控系统。前端传感器用于检测培育水质的各物理参数,通过WIFI无线网络将所获得的数据发送至物联网云存储平台,然后通过手机客户端APP读取云存储平台上的数据并显示,供用户浏览查看,手机APP可对异常数据进行报警提示。用户可以通过手机客户端APP实现现场设备的手动远程控制,对超出阈值的参数,系统能够对现场相应设备进行自动控制。该系统中机智云的引入降低了物联网硬件的开发难度及成本,APP界面简洁、操作简单、成本低廉,还预留可扩展接口,为用户提供形象直观的实时数据监测平台。对该系统进行了水温、p H、溶氧和氨氮的采集和传输测试、也对现场设备进行了远程控制测试。测试结果显示该系统可以达到水产苗种培育水质参数监控要求。     

边缘算力在智能水产养殖方面研究与应用

为了减少水产养殖污染,保证养殖生态系统的安全,提高生态环境质量,利用物联网技术设计并实现一种水产养殖智能监控系统。该系统通过智能传感器终端实现对养殖区域水质的溶氧、pH、水温、光照度、环境温度、环境湿度等参数的实时采集、远程显示和自动控制,实现远程智能养殖。同时,系统利用树莓派作为边缘算力设备,从感知层、传输层、边缘计算层、应用层四个主要方面对系统进行说明,通过智能算法实现实时精细化管理资源的目标,使数据可视、可信,进一步探究水产养殖方面进行智能化协同化的可行性。研究表明,该系统在实物模型上运行稳定、感知准确、控制及时和扩展性强等优点,可在水产养殖中进行推广和应用。     

水产养殖环境参数自动监控系统研究

水产养殖环境参数监控系统是通过传感与信息技术,将养殖池的水与周围环境某些与水产品生产关系密切的环境参数进行实时监测和控制的系统。水产品养殖产量及安全生产与养殖条件密切相关。在现代化养殖场中,对养殖水体进行水温、溶氧、酸碱度、透明度、氨氮值、及大气压、气温等参数进行自动监测,准确地为科学管理提供技术参数,对提高集约化养殖程度,实现养殖生产自动化是十分必要的。水中溶解氧饱和度的高低,与鱼类安全生产关系密切,而气压高低又将影响水中溶解氧气数量。当水环境遭受污染或富营养化威胁时,往往导致水中离子浓度增加。水池中…     

基于分布式无线网络的水质监控系统设计

为提高对水产养殖水质监控的实时性和测量精度,设计了一种基于无线传感器网络的水产养殖水质参数监控系统。该系统由水质参数采集终端、分布式传感器网络、传输控制中心基站、远程在线监控系统组成。参数采集终端采集水质参数并传输到中心基站,再通过GPRS发送给远程在线监控中心,根据用户向监控中心输入的参数实现水温、pH、溶氧(DO)的调节。参数测量过程中引入数字滤波算法提高测量精度,使用经过改进粒子群优化算法(PSO)整定的PID控制器实现水质参数的调节。结果显示:测量精度达到要求,温度、pH和DO的测量误差分别为2.1%、1.3%和3.6%,系统对温度、pH和溶氧调节的最大误差分别为1.9%、2.6%和3.1%。整个系统工作稳定可靠。     

基于模糊控制的水产养殖环境智能监控系统设计

为实时掌握水产养殖水质和气象环境信息,针对溶氧控制过程中非线性、惯性大和时滞的问题,以循环水流水槽养殖模式为基础,设计了水产养殖环境监测和控制系统。通过PLC对养殖环境中溶氧、pH、温度、湿度、风速、风向、大气压等参数进行信息采集与传输,上位机实时显示环境信息,用模糊算法处理信息,处理后的结果作为PLC的输出传送到变频器中,变频器控制增氧机调节水中溶氧量。结果显示:该系统可实时传输与显示上述参数信息,提供历史数据和环境异常报警功能。模糊控制在调节溶氧过程中超调小、精度高,溶氧偏差±0.4 mg/L,可减少增氧机启停次数、延长设备寿命。监控系统进行实地应用测试,达到预期效果,可在水产养殖中进行推广和应用。     

基于Zigbee和GPRS的水质监测系统节能设计

针对无线化的水产养殖水质监测系统耗能大、电池寿命短的问题,设计了基于Zigbee和GPRS的节能型水质监测系统。通过采用低功耗器件,在电源与传感器、信号调理电路之间添加选通芯片ADG1414控制各模块分时分区工作,减少各模块的供电时间来降低硬件能耗;通过设置阈值对采集的数据进行判断,对阈值范围内的数据不发送,减少数据发送量,从而减少系统数据发送能耗。以CC2530为核心构建无线传感网络,将传感器采集到的温度、p H、溶氧等水质参数传输至监测中心,构建实时监测平台,并在此基础上建立数据管理系统,实现对水产养殖水质环境的实时监测。系统测试与实验结果表明,该系统节能效果显著,能有效延长无线水质监测系统电池的工作时间。     

增氧测控装置的设计与研究

增氧测控系统涉及的是水产养殖溶氧测控的技术领域,是为了解决现有增氧测控方面存在的不足而设计的,本系统具有模拟人工进行定时增氧的功能;可利用溶解氧检测电路进行养殖水体溶氧量自动监测与控制;既具有模拟人工进行定时定量增氧的功能,又可以实现24小时全自动控制增氧系统进行增氧工作;对增氧系统电动机的工作情况进行实时监控及显示,在发生过流、缺相时将自动停止增氧系统的工作,并发出声光报警。     

PLC在鱼卵孵化系统中的应用

随着科技社会的进步,PLC控制系统在循环水养殖系统中应用的越来越广泛,PLC控制系统可以时时监测循环水养殖系统中各项影响水质因子的变化,如溶氧、p H、温度等关键参数。通过对循环水孵化冷水鱼鱼卵系统的介绍,详细描述了设计原理、控制理念、软硬件设计结构,实现了系统的逻辑控制、安全控制、故障报警显示,以及通过远程电脑如何控制PLC系统。     

刺参养殖池塘主要生态因子周年变化特征

研究了刺参养殖池塘主要生态因子周年变化规律及养殖关键期重要生态因子的时空变化特点,以期明确参池基础生态学特征,为刺参养殖生产和管理提供科学支持。通过相应的国家标准和规范方法对养殖池塘水温、盐度、p H、溶氧量、透明度、氨氮浓度和化学需氧量等参数进行了全年监测。结果表明:刺参养殖池塘年平均水温为13.69±9.84℃,波动范围为-1.80~26.63℃,水温与初级生产力呈显著正相关性(P0.05)。融冰期水温呈由表层至底层逐渐升高的趋势;盐度年平均值为30.95±2.96,冬季较高,夏季较低。融冰期盐度随水深的增加而升高;年平均p H为7.94±0.17,高温期存在昼夜变化现象;氨氮浓度年平均值为47.42±34.87μg/L,高温期存在明显的垂直和昼夜变化现象;透明度、溶氧量和化学需氧量的年平均值分别为1.03±0.48 m、8.40±1.34 mg/L和17.46±1.75 mg/L。所调查池塘刺参养殖环境条件总体较好,这为高产养殖奠定了基础。     

Achieving sustainable aquaculture: Historical and current perspectives and future needs and challenges

Important operational changes that have gradually been assimilated and new approaches that are developing as part of the movement toward sustainable intensive aquaculture production systems are presented via historical, current, and future perspectives. Improved environmental and economic sustainability based on increased efficiency of production continues to be realized. As a result, aquaculture continues to reduce its carbon footprint through reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Reduced use of freshwater and land resources per unit of production, improved feed management practices as well as increased knowledge of nutrient requirements, effective feed ingredients and additives, domestication of species, and new farming practices are now being applied or evaluated. Successful expansion into culture of marine species, both off and on shore, offers the potential of substantial increases in sustainable intensive aquaculture production combined with integrative efforts to increase efficiency will principally contribute to satisfying the increasing global demand for protein and food security needs.     

Fish assemblage associations and thresholds with existing and projected oil and gas development

Energy development threatens fish and wildlife resources worldwide. This study used constrained ordinations to show fish assemblage structure associated with oil and gas well densities in the Colorado River Basin, Wyoming, but well densities explained only 6.4% of assemblage structure when compared to other factors. Threshold Indicator Taxonomic ANalysis showed significant negative threshold responses by some species to small levels of development (<0.15 wells km^?2), whereas positive thresholds were less distinct. Some native and imperilled species could be disproportionately affected if future oil and gas development proceeds in a manner that will impact aquatic resources. Although existing development has not substantially influenced regional fish assemblage structure, it appears to affect a subset of species. Understanding assemblage‐level responses to development can help land managers determine appropriate development levels, prioritise areas for monitoring associated with future development and identify where land protection measures may be needed to offset potential risks.     

Gar biology and culture: status and prospects

Many lepisosteid populations in North America have declined and many are now threatened as a consequence of habitat loss and alteration and commercial and sport overfishing. Over the last two decades, morphological, histological and molecular studies allowed distinguishing between different phases of development and the nutritional condition of larvae. Ontogeny of the digestive enzymes of gar larvae indicated the possibility to feed them artificial feeds since early developmental stages. An in vitro digestibility system to test different feed ingredients has been used. Important characteristics of artificial diets were identified through different feeding experiments. Endocrinological studies showed the feasibility of altering larval development and the digestive capacity of larvae. Cloning of gar growth hormone opened new avenues to enhance growth in the gars. Plasmatic vitellogenin was isolated and purified, to develop a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, which allowed the straightforward separation of males from females to establish appropriate proportions for reproduction and also was used to evaluate hormonal protocols to induce gonad recrudescence and spawning. This review analyzes the biology, ecology and physiology of different gar species as a basis for their domestication, mass production of larvae for repopulation experiments and for the culture of commercial‐size gar.     

Esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in dogs and cats. Technics and indications

A report is presented of esophagoscopy and gastroscopy in cats and dogs using flexible endoscopes. Following consideration of the basic equipment, an account is given of patient preparation and anesthesia, topography, investigation technique and normal findings. Diagnostic potential, indications and risks involved are discussed.     

加快城乡统筹，推进我国农垦体制创新与经济发展的研究与思考

“十一五”以来,我国农垦加快体制机制改革、结构调整和经济增长方式的转变的步伐,参与市场竞争,努力提升企业和产品竞争力,经济社会事业发展较快,对国家的贡献提升,职工收入、生活质量明显提高和改善,示范引领作用不断增强。本文针对农垦体制机制创新进展滞缓,战略定位与发展方向不明,经济增长方式转变和结构调整缺乏资本、人才、技术的支撑,没有处理好改革、发展、稳定、民生的关系,投资匮乏,发展后劲不足,人才短缺和劳动力素质低下的现状,提出在未来农垦体制机制创新中要特别关注改革方向、目标设定与评估,改革要在现行法律法规的框架内运作,改革时机的选择,处理好改革发展稳定与民生的关系,调整好内部利益分配关系,自觉融入区域经济,与地方协同发展等问题。为了促进农垦的发展,建议国家加大对农垦体制机制创新、现代农业建设、国有农场土地资源的保护、社会保障体系的完善等财政和政策的支持力度。     

添加植酸酶日粮不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血液生化指标和骨骼性能的影响

本试验利用饲养试验方法,研究玉米-豆粕型日粮中添加植酸酶时不同磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪血清指标和骨骼性能的影响。试验选用162头20kg左右的杜长大三元杂交猪进行2×3(磷水平×钙磷比)因子饲养试验,试验分2个阶段进行,前期为生长期体重在20-60kg,后期为肥育期体重为为60-100kg。结果表明:添加植酸酶日粮磷水平对血清磷含量和碱性磷酸酶的活性影响显著(P<0.05);钙磷比对血清钙和血清磷含量的影响显著(P<0.05);添加植酸酶日粮磷水平和钙磷比对生长肥育猪骨骼性能的影响不显著(P>0.05)。在添加植酸酶条件下,降低日粮磷水平不影响猪的正常生长发育。     

奶牛酮病发病机理研究进展

结合国内外目前研究状况较为详细的综述了奶牛酮病的病因与发病机理,并分析了奶牛酮病发生的生化机制。旨在对临床实践中很好的认识诊断和群体监控奶牛酮病提供较为系统的理论依据,保证奶牛群的高产和稳产,从而创造良好的经济效益。     

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响_

温度与盐度对老年低额蚤和蚤状蚤生长及生殖的影响王丹丽，李明云，杨天勇，胡章（宁波大学，３１５０１０）关键词老年低额　，蚤状　，温度，盐度，生长，生殖ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＴＥＭＰＥＲＡＴＵＲＥＡＮＤＳＡＬＩＮＩＴＹＯＮＧＲＯＷＴＨＡＮＤＲＥＰＲＯＤＵＣＴ...     

川渝地区鸡皮刺螨的流行与综合防治

鸡皮刺螨是鸡的一种体外寄生的节肢动物,流行十分广泛,对养殖业发展有严重影响。为了解鸡皮刺螨的发病情况,对川渝两地的126个鸡场进行流行病学调查,感染率高达71%。同时,介绍了鸡皮刺螨的生活史、危害及防治措施,是防制鸡皮刺螨不可多得的资料。     

Composition and diversity of fish and fish catches in closures and open-access fisheries of Kenya

Abstract  Catch composition, relative abundance and diversity of fish catches in open access and three old fisheries closures were compared and contrasted with previous ecological studies. There was less variation in catch community composition among the fishing grounds than the closures, suggesting that fishing has homogenised catch composition. The trap survey found that some parrotfish [ Leptoscarus vaigiensis (Quoy &Gaimard), Calotomus carolinus (Valenciennes) and Scarus ghobban Forsskål] were relatively more common and that some important predators of macro-invertebrates [ Balistapus undulatus (Mungo Park) and Cheilinus chlorourus (Bloch)] were less common in the fishing grounds than closures. Unexpectedly, and in contrast to visual census results, cumulative number of species in catch surveys was higher in open access than closures sites. This may result from fishers covering more area and habitat or a reduction in the catch of competitively subordinate and rare species by aggressive, early-caught fish that can dominate bait. Comparisons of ecological visual census surveys and fisheries-dependent methods indicated that small differences in catch composition can reflect larger ecological differences and that baiting methods can underestimate biodiversity. Ecological impacts of fishing and large-scale changes in marine ecosystems must be considerable given the many fisheries-dependent assessments report modest changes.