两种复海鞘油脂中的脂肪酸成分分析

不饱和脂肪酸尤其是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸是对人类健康具有重要意义的一类营养成分。对海鞘(Aplidium constellatum)和大洋纵列海鞘(Symplegma oceania)两种复海鞘的油脂类成分进行相对含量分析,发现海鞘(A.constellatum)油脂中含有EPA、DHA两种ω-3 PUFAs,含量分别为19.5%和12.7%,大洋纵列海鞘油脂中EPA、DHA的含量分别为18.2%和7.73%。结果表明,两种海鞘油脂均具有较好的开发前景。     

从鲢鱼中提取高不饱和脂肪酸的研究

ω-3高不饱和脂肪酸在营养学和医学上具有重要的药用价值,特别是二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoic acd,EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(Docosahexaenoic acid,DHA).在我国主要淡水鱼中,鲢鱼体内脂肪含量较高,特别在内脏中,脂肪含量高达20%,是提供油脂的良好来源,并且鱼油中高不饱和脂肪酸如EPA、DHA含量也较高.因此在鲢鱼油中提取EPA和DHA具有很高的开发应用价值.     

东海三个海鞘优势种的油脂成分分析

不饱和脂肪酸尤其是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸是对人类健康具有重要意义的一类成分。海鞘是一类典型的海洋污损生物,对东海3个海鞘优势种皱瘤海鞘、乳突皮海鞘和长纹海鞘的油脂类成分进行相对含量分析比较,发现乳突皮海鞘油脂中含有EPA一种ω-3 PUFA,含量为5.20%;长纹海鞘油脂中含有EPA一种ω-3PUFA和二十碳四烯酸一种ω-6 PUFA,含量分别为12.7%和3.17%;皱瘤海鞘油脂中含有EPA、DHA两种ω-3 PUFAs,含量分别为10.9%和5.74%,以及亚油酸和二十碳四烯酸两种ω-6 PUFAs,含量分别为11.6%和5.94%。与磷虾油文献数据相比较,皱瘤海鞘油脂总体质量与磷虾油相近,显示了ω-3/ω-6 PUFAs较为均衡的特点。表明皱瘤海鞘的多不饱和脂肪酸具有较好的开发利用前景。     

鱿鱼缠卵腺糖蛋白MGS降血脂及非特异性免疫功能研究

为研究鱿鱼缠卵腺糖蛋白MGS的降血脂及免疫活性，本文先根据体外测定胰脂肪酶活力抑制率的结果初步判定MGS的降血脂效果，而后通过建立高血脂模型小鼠进一步研究MGS的降血脂活性，同时采用动物实验研究MGS的免疫活性。结果表明， MGS具有抑制胰脂肪酶活性的作用；能够显著降低小鼠的TC和LDL-C的含量，显著增加HDL-C的含量( P<0．05)，不能显著降低TG的含量，在降低血脂的同时，也可在一定程度上控制高脂小鼠体重的增加；实验组小鼠的廓清指数和吞噬指数与对照组的在统计学上无显著性差异(P>0．05)。     

内蒙古达赉湖蒙古油肌肉营养成分分析

对蒙古油(Hemiculter bleekeri warpachowskyi)的生化成分进行了分析。结果表明:蒙古油肌肉水分含量为78.12%。在肌肉干物质中,蛋白质含量为80.47%,脂肪含量为11.35%,总糖含量为0.39%,灰分含量为6.28%。蒙古油氨基酸(AA)总量占肌肉干重的76.40%,其中必需氨基酸(EAA)占32.75%,非必需氨基酸(NEAA)占33.10%,鲜味氨基酸(FTAA)占31.28%。蒙古油肌肉中鉴定出23种脂肪酸,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA〗)4种,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)19种。饱和和不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为22.30%和70.26%。EPA+DHA的含量为10.32%。脂类组成中甘油二酯(DG)为0.76%,甘油三酯(TG)为62.95%,游离脂肪酸(FFA)为11.70%,极性脂(PL)为22.34%,胆固醇(CHO)为2.25%。     

产蛋鸡饲料配制探讨

<正>1能量饲料的营养特点及合理使用产蛋鸡常用能量饲料有玉米、麦麸、油脂等,玉米的可利用能值高(CF低,NFE高,EE高):脂肪含量3%～4%,高油玉米8%,脂肪酸中亚油酸含量高     

海洋棘皮动物脂质的研究进展

棘皮动物因其油脂中含有许多独特的功能和活性物质,而成为开发保健食品和海洋药物的重要资源之一。目前海洋油脂研究主要集中在鱼油上,而对海洋棘皮动物油脂的研究很少。脂肪酸是海洋棘皮动物中重要的生物活性物质,具有降血脂、抗癌、抗炎等功能活性。因此,本文根据国内外的研究进展对海洋棘皮动物脂质的提取、分离纯化、生物活性等方面进行了概述,以期为海洋棘皮动物的综合利用奠定基础,进而为更好地开发新型海洋食品、药品提供科学依据。     

α-硫辛酸对摄食高脂饲料的大口黑鲈生长性能和肝脏脂质代谢的影响

实验旨在探究高脂饲料中添加α-硫辛酸(α-LA)对大口黑鲈生长性能和肝脏脂质代谢的影响，配制3组等氮实验饲料，分别为粗脂肪14%的基础饲料组(D1)，粗脂肪14%添加α-LA组(D2)，粗脂肪16%添加α-LA组(D3)，投喂大口黑鲈幼鱼[初体质量(5.01±0.02) g]，养殖实验持续8周。结果显示，D3组与D1组之间的鱼体增重率和特定生长率差异不显著，显著高于D2组；D3组的蛋白质效率和蛋白沉积率显著高于D1和D2组；D2和D3组血清甘油三酯、谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性比D1组显著降低，各组间总胆固醇含量差异不显著。D2和D3组的肝脏空泡化面积和脂肪含量显著低于D1组；D2和D3组肝脏的脂肪甘油三酯脂肪酶和肉碱棕榈酰转移酶Ⅰ活性显著提高，脂肪酸合成酶和乙酰辅酶A羧化酶的活性显著降低；肝脏代谢组学结果显示，D3组不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成代谢通路相比D1组显著上调。D3组肌肉十五烷酸、十七烷酸和二十一碳酸含量显著升高，D2和D3组花生四烯酸(ARA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的含量显著升高。研究表明，高脂饲料中添加α-LA，通过不饱和脂肪酸的生物合成代谢通路增强...     

氧化乐果对斑马鱼的毒性作用及生物富集性研究

为研究斑马鱼(Danio rerio)作为有机磷农药指示生物的可能性,以斑马鱼为实验对象,采用半静态法,研究浓度为0、2.5、5.0、7.5、10.0 mg/L的氧化乐果对斑马鱼体内蛋白质含量及乙酰胆碱酯酶(Ach E)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响及其对0、2、4、6、8、10 mg/L氧化乐果7 d的富集系数(即BCF7 d),探究氧化乐果对斑马鱼的毒性作用及其生物富集性。结果显示,氧化乐果对斑马鱼的96 h半数致死浓度(LC50)为31.57 mg/L,在1~100mg/L之间,属于高毒药物;蛋白质含量总体表现为先升高、再下降的趋势;Ach E活性受到抑制,总体表现为下降趋势;POD活性表现为诱导-抑制效应;BCF7 d随浓度的增加而减小,为1.54~5.80,且BCF7 d随Ach E活性的降低而降低,毒性作用越大,斑马鱼对氧化乐果的富集作用越弱。研究表明,蛋白质含量和乙酰胆碱酯酶活性与氧化乐果浓度有显著的剂量-效应关系,斑马鱼可以作为有机磷农药污染的指示生物。     

中华绒螯蟹幼蟹蜕皮周期中肝胰腺和肌肉脂类的动态变化

以越冬后即将进入蜕皮的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹为实验对象,采用生化分析方法,研究其蜕皮周期肝胰腺及肌肉脂类的动态变化。本实验将其幼蟹蜕皮周期分为蜕皮前期(D期)、蜕皮期(E期)、蜕皮后期(AB期)和蜕皮间期(C1期和C2期)。结果发现,(1)蜕皮各期肝胰腺总脂含量变化显著,呈现为"高-低-高"的趋势,其中D期最高,AB期最低,C1、C2期开始回升;而肌肉总脂含量变化趋势与肝胰腺相反,为先上升后再下降趋势,在D期最低,AB期含量最高。(2)肝胰腺脂类中以甘油三酰(TG)为主,其次是磷脂(PL);而肌肉脂类主要是PL,其次是TG和胆固醇(CHO)。肝胰腺中TG含量为先下降后上升趋势,其中C1期含量最低,肝胰腺中的PL含量变化趋势与TC相反,AB期含量最高;肌肉中TG含量在E期最高,而此期的PL含量最低。(3)肝胰腺和肌肉的主要脂肪酸为C16∶0、C18∶1n9、C18∶1n7、C18∶2n6(LOA)、C20∶5n3(EPA)和C22∶6n3(DHA)(相对含量4%)。蜕皮周期内,肝胰腺中的饱和脂肪酸(SFA)、单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)和高度不饱和脂肪酸(HUFA)均表现为下降趋势,其中D期肝胰腺中的DHA和EPA含量最高;肌肉中的SFA和MUFA呈现为先上升后下降趋势,而肌肉中的PUFA和HUFA表现为先下降后上升趋势。研究表明,中华绒螯蟹幼蟹蜕皮周期中,肝胰腺和肌肉中的脂类成分发生了显著变化,肝胰腺中脂类可能是其蜕皮期间的主要能量来源物质之一。     

Antioxidant effect of dietary tocopherol and ascorbic acid on growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae

The nutritional effect of vitamin E in dietsfor Litopenaeus vannamei postlarve (PL19)was investigated. Four formulated diets withdifferent combinations of α-tocopherylacetate (α-TA), ascorbic acid (AA) andhighly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) weretested, using four replicates. No significant differences in survival wereobserved among treatments after 34 days offeeding. However, shrimp fed with a dietcontaining 2% fish oil (low n-3 HUFA content),200 mg.kg^?1 α-TA and100 mg.kg^?1 AA (diet H/E/C) showedsignificantly better growth than those fed adiet supplemented with 5% fish oil (high n-3HUFA content), 200 mg.kg^?1 α-TA and100 mg.kg^?1 AA (diet H+/E/C). Shrimp fedwith a diet containing 5% fish oil,900 mg.kg^?1 α-TA and100 mg.kg^?1 AA (diet H+/E+/C) showed a significantly higher tissue level of n-6 PUFAthan postlarvae fed diet H+/E/C. No definiteconclusion could be drawn about a possibleinteraction between α-TA and AA, since acomparison of the diet containing 5% fish oil,200 mg.kg^?1 α-TA and700 mg.kg^?1 AA (H+/E+/C+) and the dietH+/E/C did not show any significant differencesin any of the measured parameters. Theantioxidative status of the shrimp tissue(measured by means of the thiobarbituric acid(TBA) assay and expressed as nM malonaldehyde(MA) per gramme dry weight) was equal for alltreatments. Nevertheless, there was a slightlylower MA value with the diet H+/E/C+,indicating that AA may be an effectiveantioxidant in the aqueous phase and at thewater/lipid interface of the tissue. The tissuelevels of α-T and AA were highlydependent on the amounts in diets and nocorrelation between α-T and AAincorporation could be observed.     

尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌基因缺失株I>cpsE和I>neuA的构建及其生物学特性

为探究尼罗罗非鱼无乳链球菌(GBS)荚膜多糖合成基因cpsE和neuA对菌株生物学特性的影响,本研究利用同源重组的方法,构建了GBS的cpsE与neuA的单基因缺失突变株.具体方法为:用Infusion-PCR的方法分别构建带有氯霉素抗性基因的cpsE与neuA基因敲除重组质粒pSET4s-cpsE和pSET4s-neuA.将构建好的质粒电转化入GBS感受态细胞中,通过改变培养温度实现双交换和质粒丢失,最后经氯霉素抗性筛选获得疑似敲除株.通过菌落PCR、RT-PCR及DNA测序等方法对疑似敲除株进行验证.结果显示GBS的两个突变株△cpsE和△neuA被成功构建.在此基础上,通过生物学功能分析比较基因缺失突变株△cpsE、△neuA与野生株在菌株生长速率、荚膜多糖厚度、唾液酸含量和毒力方面的差异.结果发现缺失突变株△cpsE和△neuA的生长速度与野生株无显著差异,但荚膜多糖厚度、唾液酸含量和菌株毒力均显著低于野生株.进一步研究显示,cpsE是鱼源GBS荚膜多糖合成的关键基因,neuA基因则是荚膜多糖唾液酸化的关键基因,它们的缺失导致了GBS荚膜唾液酸含量的降低,且显著降低了菌株的毒力.     

维生素E及脂肪源对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响

在大菱鲆饲料中分别添加鲤鱼鱼油及花生油作脂肪源,每种脂肪中添加两个水平的维生素E（8mg／kg和300mg／kg维生素E醋酸酯）,饲养大菱鲆84d,探讨其对大菱鲆非特异性免疫的影响。结果发现,（1）以鲤鱼鱼油为脂肪源的添加高剂量的维生素E能提高大菱鲆血清补体活性,而以花生油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E不影响大菱鲆血清补体活性;（2）以鲤鱼鱼油和花生油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E不影响大菱鲆中性粒细胞的吞噬率及白细胞总数;（3）以鲤鱼鱼油为脂肪源的饲料添加高剂量的维生素E能提高大菱鲆的溶茵酶活性,但随着时间推移其影响减弱;（4）饲喂n-3HUFA含量高的饲料,对大菱鲆腹水病的抵抗能力高于n-3HUFA含量低的饲料。     

Effect of dietary lipid source and vitamin E on growth,non‐specific immune response and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila challenge of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis

Six purified diets were formulated to contain three lipid sources, fish oil (FO), linseed oil (LO) and soybean oil (SO), at 6% diet lipid crossing two levels of vitamin E (100 and 300 mg α‐tocopheryl acetate/kg diet) for each lipid source (FO100, FO300, LO100, LO300, SO100, SO300). The juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis, respectively, fed on these diets with four replicates for 6 weeks. The crab weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) were significantly affected by dietary lipid sources. No difference was found between the crabs fed two levels of vitamin E, but the WG and SGR were numerically higher in crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E than those fed the other level of vitamin E. The lipid source and vitamin E level could affect fatty acid composition in the hepatopancreas. The contents of saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and n‐3HUFA were significantly higher in the crab‐fed fish oil. The highest contents of n‐6PUFA and n‐3PUFA were found in the crab‐fed soybean oil and linseed oil respectively. The contents of SAFA, n‐3HUFA and n‐3PUFA were higher in the 300 mg/kg vitamin E treatment. A lower malondialdehyde (MDA) content and higher phenoloxidase (PO) activity were observed in the crab fed 300 mg/kg vitamin E. The results of this study indicate that the Chinese mitten crab fed the diet with 6% fish oil and 300 mg/kg vitamin E showed better growth, antioxidant capacity and resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila.     

Effects of enriched Artemia by fish and soybean oils supplemented with vitamin E on growth performance,lipid peroxidation,lipase activity and fatty acid composition of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) larvae

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of enriched Artemia by fish and soybean oils supplemented with vitamin E on growth performance, lipid peroxidation, lipase activity and fatty acid composition of Persian sturgeon (Acipenser persicus) larvae. For this purpose, five experimental diets including non‐enriched Artemia (control diet), Artemia enriched with soybean oil supplemented with 15% and 30% vitamin E (S15 and S30 diets) and fish oil supplemented with 15% and 30% vitamin E (F15 and F30 diets) were used. The larvae were fed to apparent satiation four times per day for 22 days. The results indicated that fish fed enriched Artemia had no significant differences compared with those fed non‐enriched Artemia in terms of growth and survival, but increase in vitamin E levels from 15 to 30% improved growth performance of larvae. Vitamin E content in fish fed S15 and S30 diets was significantly higher. Fish fed non‐enriched Artemia had significantly higher thiobarbituric acid and lower lipase activity. The highest HUFA and n‐3/n‐6 ratio were observed in fish fed F15 and F30 diets. Our results demonstrated that fish oil can completely replace with soybean oil in larval diets. Therefore, using S30 diet is recommended for feeding of Persian sturgeon larvae.     

丁香油对蟹黄鲜虾酱贮藏品质的影响

将丁香油添加到蟹黄鲜虾酱中，25℃恒温贮藏180 d，通过对蟹黄鲜虾酱贮藏过程中丙二醛含量、总巯基含量、脂肪酸组成及含量、呈味物质含量进行定期检测，并结合滋味物质的味道强度值和味道当量在贮藏过程中的变化，探索丁香油对蟹黄鲜虾酱贮藏过程品质的影响。结果显示，丁香油能抑制丙二醛的生成、总巯基的降低和不饱和脂肪酸的分解，添加丁香油的蟹黄鲜虾酱呈味核苷酸、鲜味氨基酸、甜味氨基酸、游离氨基酸含量和味精当量值显著高于不添加丁香油的蟹黄鲜虾酱。研究表明，在贮藏过程中，丁香油对蟹黄鲜虾酱不仅具有抗脂肪和蛋白质氧化的作用，还能够提高其贮藏稳定性和风味。     

Antioxidant effect of dietary tocopherol and ascorbic acid on growth and survival of Litopenaeus vannamei postlarvae

The nutritional effect of vitamin E in dietsfor Litopenaeus vannamei postlarve (PL19)was investigated. Four formulated diets withdifferent combinations of -tocopherylacetate (-TA), ascorbic acid (AA) andhighly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) weretested, using four replicates.No significant differences in survival wereobserved among treatments after 34 days offeeding. However, shrimp fed with a dietcontaining 2% fish oil (low n-3 HUFA content),200 mg.kg^–1 -TA and100 mg.kg^–1 AA (diet H/E/C) showedsignificantly better growth than those fed adiet supplemented with 5% fish oil (high n-3HUFA content), 200 mg.kg^–1 -TA and100 mg.kg^–1 AA (diet H+/E/C). Shrimp fedwith a diet containing 5% fish oil,900 mg.kg^–1 -TA and100 mg.kg^–1 AA (diet H+/E+/C) showed a significantly higher tissue level of n-6 PUFAthan postlarvae fed diet H+/E/C. No definiteconclusion could be drawn about a possibleinteraction between -TA and AA, since acomparison of the diet containing 5% fish oil,200 mg.kg^–1 -TA and700 mg.kg^–1 AA (H+/E+/C+) and the dietH+/E/C did not show any significant differencesin any of the measured parameters. Theantioxidative status of the shrimp tissue(measured by means of the thiobarbituric acid(TBA) assay and expressed as nM malonaldehyde(MA) per gramme dry weight) was equal for alltreatments. Nevertheless, there was a slightlylower MA value with the diet H+/E/C+,indicating that AA may be an effectiveantioxidant in the aqueous phase and at thewater/lipid interface of the tissue. The tissuelevels of -T and AA were highlydependent on the amounts in diets and nocorrelation between -T and AAincorporation could be observed.     

不同养殖水色对红螯螯虾稚虾存活、生长和体色的影响

以经过曝气的透明自来水为养殖水体作为实验对照组,通过添加人工色素调控养殖水色(黄色、蓝色、绿色),探究了养殖水色对红螯螯虾(Cherax quadricarinatus)稚虾存活、生长和体色的影响.结果显示,对照组、黄色和蓝色实验组的成活率均约50％,绿色实验组的较低(33.33％,P<0.05).绿色实验组的增重率、...     

饲料中添加不同脂肪源、VC和VE对大菱鲆生长和非特异性免疫力的影响

研究了不同脂肪源、VC和VE以及上述3种复合营养性添加剂对大菱鲆非特异性免疫力、生长和存活率的影响。结果表明,以鳀鱼鱼油为脂肪源,添加高剂量的VE能提高大菱鲆血清补体活性,并且提高大菱鲆的溶菌酶活性,但不影响大菱鲆血液的中性粒细胞吞噬率及白细胞总数;饲料中VC含量增加到250mg/kg,大菱鲆血液中的白细胞总数明显增加,而进一步提高饲料中的VC含量时,其白细胞总数没有显著变化;血清溶菌酶活性在VC含量为250mg/kg时最高。饲料中VC含量对白细胞的吞噬活性没有影响。在75d的养殖时间内,摄食复合营养性免疫增强剂的大菱鲆,其体重增重率(平均为95·3%)和成活率(99·4%)均明显高于未摄食营养型免疫增强剂的对照组体重增重率(68·0%)和成活率(93·7%)。