3种细菌对小球藻生长和脱氮除磷效率的影响

鉴于水资源日益紧缺且水污染问题日渐加剧的现状,藻菌共生系统作为一种节能环保的污水处理方式,有助于提高污水处理效率。通过人工模拟城市污水,选取3种污水处理中常用细菌地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)和沼泽红假单胞菌(Rhodopseudomonas palustris)与小球藻构建藻菌共生系统,探究了不同细菌对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa FACHB-5)生长以及污水脱氮除磷效率的影响。结果显示,在3种藻菌共生系统中,地衣芽孢杆菌为小球藻促生长菌,而枯草芽孢杆菌对小球藻生长有抑制作用,沼泽红假单胞菌对小球藻生长无显著影响(P>0.05),且沼泽红假单胞菌的生长受到小球藻的显著抑制(P<0.05)。在3个共生系统中,地衣芽孢杆菌-小球藻共生系统中小球藻生物量最高,第2天水体的总氮和总磷去除率分别达到79.84%和83.48%,显著高于小球藻单独培养试验组(P<0.05)。研究表明,3种藻菌共生系统中,细菌与微藻间的关系具有特异性,应选择适宜的促生菌与微藻共培养,合适的藻菌共生系统可提高水体总氮和总磷的去除率。     

EM菌培养基的优化及菌株数量的检测

通过正交试验确定最适合EM菌生长的碳源、氮源和温度。结果表明:最适合菌株生长的碳源为葡萄糖,适合EM菌生长的氮源为蛋白胨,温度对菌株生长的影响较大,在35℃时,菌株的生长状况最好。将EM菌接入到优化后的培养基中培养3d后,通过稀释平板计数法确定芽孢杆菌的数量为3.4×105,酵母菌的数量为9.7×109,乳酸菌的数量为6.4×109,菌株总的数量达到1.6×1010CFU/mL。     

枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40水质净化作用的研究

在筛选得到适宜枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40生长的最佳液体培养基基础上,探讨枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对2种模拟废水及养殖废水的水质净化作用。生长曲线测定结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40在不同培养基中的生长速度不同,由快到慢依次为普通淡水培养基细菌基础培养基2216E培养基普通海水培养基;氨氮降解筛选培养基试验表明,枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对氨氮的降解效果显著,在试验的第4d时氨氮去除率达到最高值(57.58%);8.64×105cfu/mL、8.64×10~6 cfu/mL、8.64×10~7 cfu/mL 3种密度的枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对模拟废水的净化试验结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40均可显著降低模拟废水中的化学需氧量和pH值,在第24h,试验组化学需氧量去除率均超69%,而且pH均降至6.7~6.9(对照组为8.0);8.64×106 cfu/mL枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对高含量氨氮和化学需氧量模拟废水的净化效果试验表明,该菌株在第7d时对化学需氧量的去除率达到90.37%。8.64×10~6cfu/mL枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40对养殖废水的净化效果试验表明,该菌株在第12h时对亚硝酸盐的去除率达到94.12%,在72h时对化学需氧量的去除率达到72.13%。试验结果显示,枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40可显著降低水体中的亚硝酸盐、氨氮和化学需氧量,具有较好水质净化效果。本试验为枯草芽孢杆菌HAINUP40在罗非鱼生产中作为潜在的水质改良剂提供了数据资料和科学依据。     

地衣芽孢杆菌A1在斑点叉尾鮰肠道的定植

为研究地衣芽孢杆菌A1(Bacillus Licheniformis, Bli)在斑点叉尾鮰(Ictalurus punctatus)肠道的定植规律,通过每周更换100%的循环水量以减少水体中的芽孢杆菌对实验的干扰,通过Co~(60)辐照灭菌杀灭饲料中的芽孢杆菌以消除其对实验的干扰。采用52℃高温选择性培养肠道Bli,研究外源Bli在肠道内的消长规律。使用嗜热脂肪地芽孢杆菌(Geobacillus stearothermo philus)的芽孢作为惰性对照,通过洗涤肠壁去除非黏附菌,研究Bli对肠粘膜的黏附。使用灭菌处理的肠内容物体外培养Bli,研究其在肠道的增殖潜能。结果显示,每周100%换水量使水体Bli含量1 cfu/mL。辐照灭菌使饲料Bli含量由1.4×10~4 cfu/g降至检出限以下。停止外源Bli摄入后,在持续投喂无菌饲料的情况下, Bli在斑点叉尾鮰肠内容物中的含量可维持3.3×10~2 cfu/g左右至少42天;在禁食情况下, 14天后肠内容物中便无Bli检出。Bli对肠粘膜的黏附能力弱于惰性对照,但Bli可以在肠内容物中生长至2.0×10~7 cfu/g。以上结果提示:在持续喂食情况下,地衣芽孢杆菌可以在斑点叉尾鮰肠道内长期定植,而禁食情况不能定植。其原因是由于地衣芽孢杆菌不能有效黏附于肠粘膜,但可以在肠内容物中增殖。     

几种不同碳源对凡纳滨对虾生物絮团技术育苗效果的影响

为提高凡纳滨对虾种苗生产的生态化水平,分别以蔗糖、葡萄糖、淀粉为添加碳源,添加量为投饵量的50%,同时添加地衣芽孢杆菌,在1 000 L的水体中进行凡纳滨对虾生物絮团技术育苗实验。结果表明添加碳源组絮团含量明显高于对照组(不添加碳源和芽孢杆菌),且蔗糖组絮团的形成比淀粉组和葡萄糖组早;蔗糖组和葡萄糖组的氨氮、亚硝酸盐含量均显著低于对照组和淀粉组,其亚硝酸盐峰值浓度分别比对照组降低25.4%和31.4%,且未换水即自行下降;添加碳源各组絮团的粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量均显著高于对照组,粗蛋白含量最高的蔗糖组达到32.6%。仔虾幼体P14时,葡萄糖组和蔗糖组的仔虾体长分别比对照组增长22.8%和19.2%(P0.01),差异极显著。表明在凡纳滨对虾生物絮团技术育苗中,蔗糖和葡萄糖作为添加碳源是合适的。     

藻-菌单一及共生系统对海水养殖尾水的净化作用

为探索高效可行的海水养殖尾水处理技术,在净化尾水污染物的同时达到微藻生物量积累,本文对比了普通小球藻(Chlorellavulgaris)和芽孢杆菌(Bacillusspp.)在游离和固定形态下,单一和共生系统的细胞生长及其对尾水中氨氮(NH_4~+-N),正磷酸盐(PO_4~(3–)-P),总磷(TP),化学需氧量(COD_(Mn))的去除效果。实验结果表明:游离状态下,藻–菌共生系统促进小球藻细胞生长及尾水中PO_4~(3–)-P和COD_(Mn)的去除。固定态藻–菌共生系统对NH4~+-N, PO43–-P和TP的处理效果优于单一固定态小球藻和单一固定态芽孢杆菌。对比实验设计的所有处理(游离或固定态下的单一藻、单一菌、藻–菌共生),藻–菌共固定系统的处理效果相对最优,对NH_4~+-N, PO_4~(3–)-P, TP和COD_(Mn)的去除率分别达到96.57%, 98.62%, 89.89%和39.09%,出水NH_4~+-N, PO_4~(3–)-P分别达到中国《渔业水质标准》和《海水养殖水排放要求》二级标准, COD_(Mn)达到《污水综合排放标准》二级标准。     

4种微生物制剂对凡纳滨对虾育苗水质及仔虾存活的影响

采用平板法测定标注为地衣芽孢杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、粪肠球菌和植物乳杆菌制剂的活菌密度,通过16S rRNA基因测序分析对其进行菌种鉴定。在盛水250 L的玻璃钢桶中投放凡纳滨对虾无特定病原的无节3期幼体5×10~4尾,各组由溞状Ⅰ初期至仔虾Ⅰ期,连续10 d,每日分别投菌制剂1次,地衣芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌组每次投菌5×10~8 cfu/L,粪肠球菌和植物乳杆菌组每次投菌1×10~8 cfu/L,同时投放饵料,对照组始终不投菌制剂,定期测定水质并分析仔虾存活情况。试验结果显示,4种制剂均由密度高的单一菌种构成;地衣芽孢杆菌组水体氨氮、无机磷和化学需氧量均显著高于对照组,而在育苗早期粪肠球菌和植物乳杆菌组亚硝态氮含量显著降低(P0.05);除地衣芽孢杆菌组仔虾Ⅲ期存活率显著低于枯草芽孢杆菌组外,各组存活率间差异不显著(P0.05),但枯草芽孢杆菌组仔虾存活率和活力均表现最佳,而地衣芽孢杆菌组表现最差。可见,无明显胁迫条件下,连续投放微生物制剂对凡纳滨对虾育苗水质及仔虾存活率总体上无显著提高作用,但两种芽孢杆菌制剂的作用效果存在明显差异。     

溶藻菌A2对4种微藻的溶藻效果分析

将溶藻菌菌株A2以初始浓度107CFU·m L-1接入到锥状斯氏藻(Scrippsiella trochoidea)、条纹小环藻(Cyclotella striata)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)和四尾栅藻(Scenedesmus quadricauda)的纯培养与混合培养藻液中,研究A2对不同微藻的溶藻专一性,并通过16S r DNA序列分析对A2菌株进行菌株鉴定。结果表明,经16S r DNA鉴定,菌株A2属于海杆菌属(Marinobacter sp.);在微藻纯培养与混合培养环境下,A2皆可有效溶解甲藻类的锥状斯氏藻,对硅藻类的条纹小环藻具有一定的溶解效果,对绿藻类的四尾栅藻生长无影响,可以促进绿藻类蛋白核小球藻的生长。在多种微藻共存环境下,A2菌组锥状斯氏藻死亡率可高达98.29%和95.37%,蛋白核小球藻的浓度较对照组提高237.6%。结果表明,菌株A2具有良好的溶藻专一性,可作为研发养殖池塘甲藻调控剂的备选菌株。     

枯草芽孢杆菌与腐植酸钠合剂净水效果的研究

养殖水体中高含量氨氮和亚硝酸盐对水产动物有害。试验通过不同配比腐植酸钠与枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtili)混合剂处理模拟养殖污水,结果表明养殖水体投入10 mg/L腐植酸钠与1.2×10~3 cfu/mL枯草芽孢杆菌混合剂对水体中氨氮和亚硝酸盐的处理效果较好。     

对虾养殖水环境无公害高效调控系列技术（下）

4有益菌调控技术 4．1芽孢杆菌调控技术 在养殖水环境中使用的芽孢杆菌主要为枯草芽孢杆菌和地衣芽孢杆菌，在养殖池塘中能够快速降解养殖代谢产物，减少有机物在池底的累积，促进物质循环利用，促进优良浮游微藻繁殖，延缓池底老化，同时抑制有害菌繁殖，促进有益菌形成优势，改善水体质量。     

Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean

The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.     

Growth performance,digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass,Lateolabrax japonicus fed with fructooligosaccharide

In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.     

Involvement of gonadal steroids in final oocyte maturation of white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops): in vivo and in vitro studies

Plasma estradiol-17 (E₂), testosterone (T), 17,20-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP) and 17,20,21-tri-hydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (20-S) levels were measured by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in white perch (Morone americana) and white bass (M. chrysops) that were induced to undergo final oocyte maturation (FOM) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Plasma DHP levels increased in females of both species in association with oocyte germinal vesicle migration (GVM) and germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) and decreased thereafter. Plasma 20-S levels also increased with oocyte GVM in white bass, but were several-fold lower than DHP levels. Circulating E₂ and T levels were greatest during GVM and GVBD in both species and decreased to low levels during oocyte hydration and ovulation. Follicles from white perch and white bass which received a priming injection of hCG in vivo, produced both DHP and 20-S in vitro after exposure to hCG and their oocytes underwent GVBD. Ovarian incubates from unprimed fish of either species produced only E₂ and T and their oocytes did not complete GVBD. Oocytes from unprimed bass, but not perch, matured when follicles were exposed to hCG in vitro. Both trilostane and cycloheximide blocked in vitro production of DHP and 20-S and oocyte GVBD by white perch follices. DHP and 20-S were equipotent inducers of FOM in the GVBD bioassay. None of several other structurally-related steroids tested were effective within a physiological range of concentrations. These results indicate a role for DHP and 20-S in the control of FOM in white perch and white bass.     

Cardiac,ventilatory and metabolic responses of two ecologically dissimilar species of fish to waterborne cyanide

Changes in heart rate, ventilatory activity and oxygen consumption were determined in trout (Salmo gairdneri) and brown bullhead catfish (Ictalurus nebulosus) during exposure to a steadily increasing concentration of waterborne cyanide selected to produce death in 8–9 hours for each species. The lethal cyanide concentration for the bullheads was an order of magnitude higher than for trout. Trout developed an immediate and gradually increasing bradycardia throughout the exposure period. Cyanide produced tachycardia in the bullhead followed by a gradual onset of bradycardia as the concentration of cyanide was raised. Pericardial injection of atropine (a muscarinic cholinergic antagonist) indicated that bradycardia in the trout was due initially to increased vagal tone but later due to the direct effect of cyanide on the heart. Hyperventilation in the trout persisted throughout the exposure period, although the rate and amplitude fluctuated and was variable between individual fish. During the last hour of exposure (highest cyanide concentration), ventilation was characterized by rapid, shallow breaths followed by a sudden respiratory arrest. The bullheads exhibited hyperventilation during the first 3 hours of exposure followed by a gradual, linear drop in ventilation rate and amplitude until death occurred. Cardiac and ventilatory responses in both species were attributed to stimulation of central and peripheral chemoreceptors by cyanide. Evidence is presented which suggests the initial response in the bullheads was due, at least in part, to gustatory stimulation by the cyanide. Oxygen consumption of the trout remained above pre-exposure levels for the majority of the test period. Oxygen consumption in the bullhead paralleled the changes in heart and ventilatory rates. Whole-body lactate levels of fingerlings of both species during cyanide exposure were measured to estimate the extent of anaerobiosis. Whole-body lactate levels were much greater in the bullheads than the trout, indicating a higher capacity for anaerobiosis, possibly due to a greater fuel supply. Overall, the trout responded to cyanide in a manner similar to that produced by environmental hypoxia whereas the bullheads experienced a gustatory stimulus which masked the hypoxia-like response.     

An overview of stress physiology of fish transport: changes in water quality as a function of transport duration

This study brings an integrated analysis about the relationship between water deterioration and its physiological consequences in live fish transport. The analysis was focused on the transport water and its deterioration, and physiological challenges imposed on the fish. Usual commercial handling procedures employed to mitigate fish stress during transport were discussed. Future topics of research for the establishment of safer fish transport protocols were proposed. Transport was classified into short (≤8 h) or long transport (>8 h). The main issue in short transports should be the prevention of water pH reduction, while in long transports it is the increase in ammonia. Plasma cortisol is the most employed marker for stress and is acutely elevated upon short episodes of transport, but remains elevated even in long‐transport events. Plasma glucose is perhaps a better marker for handling stress. Plasma lactate, pH, osmolality CO₂ and ions should be more often evaluated. Plasma Na⁺ and Cl^‐ are very useful markers of acidosis, due to their respective exchange for H⁺ and , for acid–base regulation. The establishment of species‐specific transport protocols should be preceded by such combined analyses of water and physiological parameters.     

Are hatchery‐reared abalone naïve of predators? Comparing the behaviours of wild and hatchery‐reared northern abalone,Haliotis kamtschatkana (Jonas, 1845)

Abalone populations have declined worldwide, generating interest in enhancement using hatchery‐reared individuals. In many cases, such restoration efforts have met with limited success due to high predator‐induced mortality rates. Furthermore, the mortality rates of outplanted hatchery abalone are often considerably higher than for wild individuals. This study uses northern abalone (Haliotis kamtschatkana) as a case study to determine whether hatchery‐reared abalone behave differently than their wild counterparts. In the field, outplanted hatchery‐reared abalone were significantly less responsive than wild abalone, in terms of number of abalone responding and intensity of response, to nearby movement and to physical contact with an inert probe. Also, when encountering a cue to which all abalone responded (a seastar predator), hatchery‐reared individuals remained subdued. Anti‐predator behavioural deficits in hatchery‐reared abalone were more pronounced in 4‐year‐old individuals than in 1‐year‐old individuals, suggesting an influence of either age or amount of time spent in the hatchery environment. These behavioural differences are expected to increase the vulnerability of hatchery‐reared abalone to predators, and are likely a major cause of their elevated predator‐induced mortality when outplanted.     

Effects of cadmium on the kinetics of calcium uptake in developing tilapia larvae, Oreochromis mossambicus

The toxic effects of Cd²⁺ on Ca²⁺ influx kinetics in developing tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) larvae were evaluated. Addition of 20 µg l^-1 of Cd²⁺ to the environment of 0 and 3 day-old larvae competitively inhibited the Ca²⁺ uptake within 4h resulting in a great increase in K_m values for Ca²⁺ influx (19.3 and 17.4 fold, respectively) as compared with their respective controls. Consequently, the actual Ca²⁺ influx of larvae in solutions of 0.2 mM Ca²⁺ are suppressed by 32–45%. Also, 3 day-old larvae were more sensitive to internally accumulated Cd²⁺ than 0 day-old larvae. Although the Ca²⁺ influx in 0 and 3 day-old larvae may be restored to the levels of their respective controls with 24h of being transferred to a 20 µg l^-1 Cd²⁺ solution, total body Ca²⁺ content was significantly reduced in 3 day-old larvae. Increased Ca²⁺ uptake efficiency ensures sufficient Ca²⁺ for normal growth. However, rapid increase in Ca²⁺ influx after hatching also leads to higher Cd²⁺ uptake. Exposure to Cd²⁺ will lead to a drop in body Ca²⁺ content resulting in retardation of larval growth. Therefore, we conclude that if Ca²⁺ uptake is interfered with at this critical stage of development, larvae will not be able to maintain normal levels of body Ca²⁺ and will show signs of Cd²⁺ poisoning.     

Migratory dynamics of stream-spawning longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus)

Abstract– Literature evidence suggests that lake-dwelling longnose gar (Lepisosteus osseus) enter tributary streams to spawn, Until the present study, the dynamics of this breeding migration had never been investigated quantitatively. During the summers of 1991 and 1992, longnose gar were captured as they entered Weaubleau Creek, Missouri, a tributary of Harry S. Truman Reservoir. The in-stream spawning migration began in early April and ended in late May, and was positively correlated with stream flow and water level, and negatively correlated with water temperature. In-stream residence times ranged from 15 to 94 days, with males exhibiting longer residence times than females. Once in-stream, longnose gar travelled as far as 10 km upstream and occupied certain pools at greater relative frequencies. Although the reason for this preferential utilization is not completely understood, it may relate to pool depth and riffle proximity. Longnose gar disperse from the spawning stream great distances, with gar captured in Weaubleau Creek being recaptured up to 48 km away. This information should provide fisheries biologists the means to consider the reproductive ecology of this species in their conservation and management decisions.     

Nutritional regulation of hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation and polyunsaturated fatty acid composition in zebrafish (Danio rerio) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

The desaturation and elongation of [1-¹⁴C]18:3n-3 was investigated in hepatocytes of the tropical warm freshwater species, zebrafish (Danio rerio) and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pathway was assayed before and after the fish were fed two experimental diets, a control diet containing fish oil (FO) and a diet containing vegetable oil (VO; a blend of olive, linseed and high oleic acid sunflower oils) for 10 weeks. The VO diet was formulated to provide 1% each of 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3, and so satisfy the possible EFA requirements of zebrafish and tilapia. At the end of the dietary trial, the lipid and fatty acid composition was determined in whole zebrafish, and liver, white muscle and brain of tilapia. Both zebrafish and tilapia expressed a hepatocyte fatty acid desaturation/elongation pattern consistent with them being freshwater and planktonivorous fish. The data also showed that hepatic fatty acid desaturation/elongation was nutritionally regulated with the activities being higher in fish fed the VO diet compared to fish fed the FO diet. In zebrafish, the main effect of the VO diet was increased fatty acid Δ6 desaturase activity resulting in the production of significantly more 18:4n-3 compared to fish fed the FO diet. In tilapia, all activities in the pathway were greater in fish fed the VO diet resulting in increased amounts of all fatty acids in the pathway, but primarily eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3). However, the fatty acid compositional data indicated that despite increased activity, desaturation of 18:3n-3 was insufficient to maintain tissue proportions of EPA and DHA in fish fed the VO diet at the same level as in fish fed the FO diet. Practically, these results indicate that manipulation of tilapia diets in commercial culture in response to the declining global fish oil market would have important consequences for fish fatty acid composition and the health of consumers. Scientifically, zebrafish and tilapia, both the subject of active genome mapping projects, could be useful models for studies of lipid and fatty acid metabolism at a molecular biological and genetic level. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Production of diatom–bacteria biofilm isolated from Seriola lalandi cultures for aquaculture application

Controlled incorporation of selected microalgae and bacteria in aquaculture systems can be beneficial because they can act as microbiological control. That is why the characteristics of biofilm generated naturally in Seriola lalandi culture cages were analysed, their potential benefit to the growth of larvae was studied, and their controlled use for improving the larval viability and as a vector to improve incorporation of previously studied probiotic bacteria was tested. According to biodiversity results, these biofilms are composed of a diatom–bacteria mix showing a decrease in biodiversity in laboratory culture conditions being dominated by Navicula phyllepta and bacteria of the family Rhodobacteraceae. This can be produced on mesh substrates incorporated in bioreactors with rapid growth rate and adhesiveness. Preliminary results from the addition of substrates with this specific biofilm in larvae culture systems showed that it is consumed by the larvae without negative effects, while positive effects on the viability of larvae in combination with probiotics were observed. Considering preliminary results, the addition of these specific substrates with diatom–bacteria biofilms could be a good improvement for aquaculture systems and together with the use of probiotics can contribute to maintaining a stable and controlled system improving the viability of the larval fish culture in its early stages.