罗非鱼油的制备及其脂肪酸组成分析

本文以罗非鱼下脚料为实验材料，对其鱼油的提取与精炼工艺参数、理化特性及脂肪酸组成进行了系统研究。结果显示：罗非鱼油精炼工艺条件为80％的磷酸脱胶，添加量为油量的1％、30％的氢氧化钠脱酸，添加量为油量的2％、活性白土脱色，添加量为油量的20％、真空脱臭，时间为30min。精炼后的罗非鱼油为清亮、淡黄色液体，各项理化指标符合鱼油标准。脂肪酸分析表明，罗非鱼油含有C12-C22笠脂肪酸29种，其中饱和脂肪酸10种，单不饱和脂肪酸7种，多不饱和脂肪多烯酸12种，不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸分别占脂肪酸总量57．58％和42．42％。单不饱和脂肪酸主要是18：1(油酸)和16：1，分别占脂肪酸总量27．66％和7．62％，多不饱和脂肪酸主要是18：2(亚油酸)和18：3(n-3)(亚麻酸)，分别占脂肪酸总量10．18％和3．04％，EPA(20：5)和DHA(22：6)含量很低，分别占脂肪酸总量0．68％和1．03％：饷和脂肪酸丰要为16：0．18：0和14：0．分别占脂肪酸总量的26．75％，5．23％和3．00％。     

丁鱥肌肉脂肪酸组成的分析

采用气相色谱仪对丁鱥肌肉脂肪酸的组成进行了分析，结果显示，该鱼肌肉中可检测到16种脂肪酸，且以C16、C18、C22三个系列脂肪酸为主；饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的26．29％，不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的73．71％，其中单不饱和脂肪酸占53．45％，多不饱和脂肪酸占20．26％。     

内蒙古达赉湖蒙古油鳖肌肉营养成分分析

对蒙古油鳖（Hemiculter bleekeri warpachowskyi）的生化成分进行了分析。结果表明：蒙古油鳖肌肉水分含量为78．12％。在肌肉干物质中，蛋白质含量为80．47％，脂肪含量为11．35％，总糖含量为0．39％，灰分含量为6．28％。蒙古油鳘氨基酸（AA）总量占肌肉干重的76．40％，其中必需氨基酸（EAA）占32．75％，非必需氨基酸（NEAA）占33．10％，鲜味氨基酸（FTAA）占31．28％。蒙古油餐肌肉中鉴定出23种脂肪酸，其中饱和脂肪酸（SFAⅠ）4种，不饱和脂肪酸（UFA）19种。饱和和不饱和脂肪酸含量分别为22．30％和70．26％。EPA＋DHA的含量为10．32％。脂类组成中甘油二酯（DG）为0．76％，甘油三酯（TG）为62．95％，游离脂肪酸（FFA）为11．70％，极性脂（PL）为22．34％，胆固醇（CHO）为2．25％。     

济利罗非鱼必需脂肪酸的需要量

用几种含脂类的饵料以及w6、w3脂肪酸含量不同的饵料测定济利罗非鱼的必需脂肪酸(EFA)的需要量。在以12：O为基础脂类成份的饵料中添加18：2w6、20：4w6、18：3w3及20：5w3脂肪酸使得济利罗非鱼的体重增加，而且，18：2w6和20l4w6的生长效果比18：3w3和20：5w3好。实验数据表明，济利罗非鱼对w6脂肪酸的需要甚于w3脂肪酸。济利罗非鱼对18：2w6或20：4w6的需要量大约是饲料量的1．0％。     

饲料磷脂水平对巴丁鱼体组织脂肪酸组成的影响

本研究旨在探讨饲料磷脂水平对巴丁鱼体脂肪酸组成的影响。用5组饲料(磷脂添加水平分别为0%、1%、2%、3%、4%)对巴丁鱼进行56d的饲养试验。试验结果显示,各组肝脏、肌肉、腹脂的C18:3n3含量随饲料磷脂水平的升高而升高,C18:1n9含量随饲料磷脂水平升高而降低;4%磷脂组肌肉、肝脏组织的高不饱和脂肪酸的含量最高,而对照组的最低。各组肝脏、肌肉、腹脂的脂肪酸大类含量排序均为:饱和脂肪酸总量单不饱和脂肪酸总量多不饱和脂肪酸总量高不饱和脂肪酸总量,且都以C16:0、C18:1n9、C18:2n6为主要的饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多不饱和脂肪酸。研究表明,巴丁鱼肝脏、肌肉、腹脂的脂肪酸组成在一定程度上受到饲料脂肪酸组成的影响;饲料磷脂水平为4%时,肌肉、肝脏组织转化合成高不饱和脂肪酸的能力最强。     

闽南_台湾浅滩渔场六种主要中上层鱼类的脂肪酸研究

研究了蓝圆Ｓｈｅｎ、金色小沙丁鱼、颌圆Ｓｈｅｎ、鲐鱼、竹Ｊｉａ鱼、羽鳃鲐肌油中的脂肪酸组成及含量变化。结果表明：鱼油中都含有Ｃ１２－Ｃ２２系列脂肪酸。饱和脂肪酸（ＳＦＡ）占总脂肪酸（ＴＦＡ）的３５．２４％￣３８．６０％，单不饱和脂肪酸（ＭＵＦＡ）占２３．５９％￣３０．０７％，多不饱和脂肪酸（ＰＵＦＡ）占３３．０６％￣４０．３３％，ＥＰＡ占２．３５％￣３．６２％，ＤＨＡ占１７．９５％￣２４．４９％。     

丁(鱼岁)肌肉脂肪酸组成的分析

采用气相色谱仪对丁(鱼岁)肌肉脂肪酸的组成进行了分析,结果显示,该鱼肌肉中可检测到16种脂 肪酸,且以 C16、 C18、 C22三个系列脂肪酸为主;饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总量的26． 29%,不饱和脂肪酸占脂 肪酸总量的73． 71%,其中单不饱和脂肪酸占53． 45%,多不饱和脂肪酸占20． 26%。     

斑节对虾的日粮脂类含量和脂肪酸组成对脂类消化率的影响

通过测定系列配合日粮中脂类及其脂肪酸消化率，估测斑节对虾的最佳脂肪酸和脂类需要量。当日粮脂类含量为45、75和105g／kg时，其总脂消化率相似，而日粮脂类含量为135g／kg时其总脂消化率显降低(P≤0．05)。总脂消化率不受脂肪酸组成影响，多不饱和脂肪酸水平为17g／kg和总脂含量大大超过455／kg的日粮除外。长链高不饱和脂肪酸如二十碳五烯酸(20：5n-3)和二十二碳六烯酸(22：6n-3)表现出最高消化率。具有不饱和键的脂肪酸，包括单不饱和脂肪酸如油酸(18：ln-9)消化率较高。长链饱和脂肪酸消化率最低，且随着脂肪酸链长度的增加，其消化率降低。该研究结果清楚表明：日粮中脂类含量影响自身消化率，其总脂的脂肪酸组成影响总脂和各自脂肪酸消化率。     

糙齿海豚营养组成分析

主要就中国水域糙齿海豚肌肉组织的营养组成情况进行分析。分析部位包括背肌、腹肌和尾肌3个部分。分析结果表明,海豚肌肉组织粗营养成分中腹肌脂肪含量最高,背肌粗蛋白含量最高。肌肉中氨基酸组成具有极高的一致性,含量最高的氨基酸均为谷氨酸,最低的是胱氨酸。海豚肌肉组织脂肪酸组成含有动物及鱼油中典型的脂肪酸如棕榈酸(16:0)、棕榈油酸(16:1)、硬脂酸(18:0)、油酸(18:1)、EPA(20:5ω-3)及DHA(22:6ω-3)。饱和脂肪酸(SFA)的总量与单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)的总量相近且大于多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)的总量。不饱和脂肪酸中ω-3/ω-6的比值较低(0.12～1.36),与其它海洋有机生物相比(通常高于4,有的高达50),该值明显偏低。海豚肌肉组织中富含钙(Ca)、镁(Mg)、铁(Fe)及锌(Zn)、铜(Cu)、锰(Mn)、硒(Se)等微量元素,这些元素在海豚肌肉组织中的分布无明显差别。     

罗非鱼不同组织脂肪酸含量的分析

分别取罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)的肉、脂肪、肝、眼和皮等组织,用氯仿-甲醇(2∶1,v/v)提取,以C17∶0为内标物,利用气相色谱-质谱法(GC/MS)分析了各组织脂肪酸种类及含量。结果显示:罗非鱼各种组织中含有16种脂肪酸,富含多不饱和脂肪酸。脂肪组织中的脂肪酸含量最高,其次是眼睛、肝脏、鱼肉和鱼皮;各组织中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)含量为202~8869 mg/kg,主要为棕榈酸(C16∶0)和硬脂酸(C18∶0);单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)含量为293~11219 mg/kg,主要为棕榈油酸(C16∶1)和油酸(C18∶1);多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)含量为362~8293 mg/kg,主要是亚油酸(C18∶2)、亚麻酸(C18∶3)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA,C22∶6);n-6/n-3为1.20~2.46。     

密云水库鲢鱼、鳙鱼营养成分分析与评价

为全面了解密云水库鲢鱼、鳙鱼的营养特征,以密云水库秋季鲢鱼和鳙鱼为研究对象,对其肌肉的水分、蛋白质、粗脂肪、灰分、矿物质元素含量以及氨基酸、脂肪酸组成进行分析。研究结果表明,密云水库鲢鱼和鳙鱼肌肉蛋白质含量分别为(18.40±0.40)%和(18.60±0.57)%,粗脂肪含量为(0.60±0.10)%和(1.48±0.91)%,富含人体所需的钾、钠、钙、镁、磷等常量元素及铁、锰、锌、硒等微量元素;鲢鱼、鳙鱼肌肉中,18种常见氨基酸均被检出,其中谷氨酸含量高,必需氨基酸分别占氨基酸总量的40.00%和40.16%,必需氨基酸指数分别为99.15和98.76;鲢鱼、鳙鱼肌肉中分别检出脂肪酸12种和19种,相对含量均表现为多不饱和脂肪酸>饱和脂肪酸>单不饱和脂肪酸,而多不饱和脂肪酸中均以二十二碳六烯酸相对含量最高,其次为二十碳五烯酸,两者之和分别达30.64%和23.79%。研究结果表明,密云水库鲢鱼、鳙鱼是良好的蛋白质来源,氨基酸组成合理,富含矿物质和有益脂肪酸,具有很好的营养价值和可食用性。     

西伯利亚鲟、施氏鲟及其杂交种(西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂)肌肉的营养成分比较及评价

通过对西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baeri)、施氏鲟(Acipenser schirenckii)及其杂交种(西伯利亚鲟♀×施氏鲟♂,Acipenser baerii♀×A.sschrenckii♂)的肌肉常规营养成分进行测定,同时进行氨基酸和脂肪酸的测定,从而对3种鲟鱼营养品质进行分析评价.结果显示,除水分含量...     

Seasonal Variations in Fatty Acids of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis

The polyunsaturated fatty acids of the n-3 family associated with fish and fish oils have been shown to have beneficial effects on prevention of heart disease in humans. However, in considering the potential health benefits of fish oil in human health, it is important to realize that the fatty acid composition and total lipid content of fish vary greatly. These variations may be due to species differences or variations within a species due to temperature, diet, developmental stage, sex or seasonal differences. The purpose of the study described here was to determine the effects of season, size class, and sex on the Occurrence of individual fatty acids in striped bass (Morone saxrrtilis). Fish were collected in June, July, August, September, and October. Filets with skin were analyzed for total lipid content. Methyl esters of fatty acids were separated and identified using capillary gas chromatography. Total mean lipid varied from as low as 12% to as high as 30%. There were no significant changes in total crude lipid content due to month collected or sex. However, total lipid content of filets increased significantly (P ≤ 0.05) as size increased. The fatty acids 18:1n–9 and 16:0 made up the majority (62%) of the fatty acids present in any season, size class, or sex. The monounsaturated fatty acids dominated in all fish. There were no significant differences in individual fatty acids due to sex. However, fish size had a significant influence on fatty acid composition. Overall, saturated fatty acids decreased as size increased, while polyunsaturated fatty acids increased or remained constant. There were no significant changes in mean percent saturated or monounsaturated fatty acids with respect to month when controlling for size. However, total percent polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased significantly in October compared to August and September. This overall decrease was due mainly to a decrease in 22:6n–3. Conversely there was a significant increase in 16:11n–9 in October. All other fatty acids remained constant. When data from this study were compared to fatty acid data from the literature, striped bass was not as good a source of 20:5n–3 and 22:61n–3 as sardines, anchovies or mackerel.     

东海三个海鞘优势种的油脂成分分析

不饱和脂肪酸尤其是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸是对人类健康具有重要意义的一类成分。海鞘是一类典型的海洋污损生物,对东海3个海鞘优势种皱瘤海鞘、乳突皮海鞘和长纹海鞘的油脂类成分进行相对含量分析比较,发现乳突皮海鞘油脂中含有EPA一种ω-3 PUFA,含量为5.20%;长纹海鞘油脂中含有EPA一种ω-3PUFA和二十碳四烯酸一种ω-6 PUFA,含量分别为12.7%和3.17%;皱瘤海鞘油脂中含有EPA、DHA两种ω-3 PUFAs,含量分别为10.9%和5.74%,以及亚油酸和二十碳四烯酸两种ω-6 PUFAs,含量分别为11.6%和5.94%。与磷虾油文献数据相比较,皱瘤海鞘油脂总体质量与磷虾油相近,显示了ω-3/ω-6 PUFAs较为均衡的特点。表明皱瘤海鞘的多不饱和脂肪酸具有较好的开发利用前景。     

Use of White Fat as a Replacement for Squid Liver Oil in Practical Diets for Surubim Pseudoplatystoma coruscans

The effect of dietary lipid on culture performance, fatty acid composition of carcass, and the liver polar lipid of surubim fingerlings Pseudoplatystoma coruscans was investigated. Five isonitrogenous (46.5% crude protein) and isolipidic (19% crude lipid) diets were formulated with squid liver oil (SLO) and white fat (pig lard-PL) as lipid sources. Diet 1 was supplemented with 12% SLO, diet 2 with 8% SLO and 4% PL, diet 3 with 6% SLO and 6% PL, diet 4 with 4% SLO and 8% PL, and diet 5 with 12% PL. Fish were fed to apparent satiation over a 64-d feeding trial. No statistically significant difference ( P >0.05) was observed in growth performance of fish. In contrast, fatty acid profile of fish carcass and liver polar lipid fraction was affected ( P 0.05) by dietary fatty acid composition. Palmitic (16:O) and the oleic (18:1n-9) acids were the major saturated and monoene fatty acids respectively found in fish carcass, independent of the lipid source in the diets. The total amount of saturated and monoene fatty acids was significantly higher ( P 0.05) in the carcass of the fish fed diets 4 and 5, than in the other fish. The concentration ( P 0.05) of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids and the n-3/n-6 ratio in fish carcass and in polar lipid fraction of liver increased in direct proportion to the level of squid liver oil in diet. Results of this experiment clearly demonstrated that both squid liver oil and pig lard have a positive nutritive value for surubim and that it is possible to increase the n-3 to n-6 ratio in favor of n-3, without loss in the growth performance, feeding fish with a diet containing a lipid source rich in this fatty acid.     

转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼与非转基因唐鱼肌肉营养成分的分析和比较

对含有外源基因的转红色荧光蛋白基因唐龟(简称:转基因唐鱼)和同胞家系中不含有外源基因唐鱼(简称:非转基因唐鱼)肌肉中的一般营养成分、游离氨基酸和脂肪酸的组成和含量进行分析和比较.结果表明:转基因唐鱼肌肉水分、粗蛋白含量粗灰分含量高于非转基因唐鱼,粗脂肪含量低于非转基因唐鱼,但差异均不显著(P>0.05);转基因唐鱼和非...     

Dietary lipid sources affect the performance of Nile tilapia at optimal and cold,suboptimal temperatures

Five sources of dietary fatty acids (fish, linseed, sunflower, olive and coconut oils) were evaluated in juvenile Nile tilapia in two trials: at optimal (28°C) and suboptimal (22°C) temperatures lasting 9 and 12 weeks, respectively. At 28°C, there was no clear effect of dietary source on fish growth, but at 22°C, the highest daily weight gain occurred in fish fed sunflower, linseed and fish oil. Feed efficiency and apparent net protein utilization increased as the amount of unsaturated fatty acids, especially n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), in the diet increased. Coconut oil, which is rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA), led to the worst growth results, especially at 22°C, with the lowest weight gain, feed intake and feed utilization by tilapia. The body fatty acid profile, in % of total fatty acids, was dependent on diet composition. However, for all treatments, PUFA body content increased with the decrease in temperature, but SFA and monounsaturated fatty acids remained the primary contributors to the body profile. Either fish oil or vegetable oil may be used as sources of dietary fatty acids for Nile tilapia, but at suboptimal temperatures, a dietary source containing more PUFA and less SFA improves performance.     

南极磷虾木瓜蛋白酶酶解产物的营养学评价

分析了经1.5%木瓜蛋白酶55℃酶解3 h后的南极磷虾(Euphausia superba)蛋白酶解产物(上清和沉淀)的营养组成。结果显示:南极磷虾水解度为44.24%;上清冻干物(FDS)中粗蛋白和总糖含量分别为67.13%和13.91%,其必需氨基酸总量(ΣEAA)、鲜味氨基酸总量(ΣDAA)、牛磺酸Tau含量及F值(支链氨基酸/芳香族氨基酸)较酶解前分别提高了8.96%、6.06%、39.10%和16.67%,表明其氨基酸营养价值较酶解前要高。沉淀冻干物(FDP)中粗蛋白和总糖含量分别为44.49%和10.40%,而粗脂肪含量高达33.28%。FDP中总氨基酸含量(ΣAA)、ΣEAA、ΣDAA、Tau含量及F值均下降,但其ΣEAA在ΣAA中的比例高于40%,且8种EAA含量评分均高于FAO/WHO评分模式要求。脂肪酸分析结果表明,FDP中含有饱和脂肪酸(SFA)8种(44.81%),单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)6种(27.55%),多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)7种(27.64%),二十碳五烯酸EPA和二十二碳六烯酸DHA含量较丰富。研究认为在本实验条件下通过木瓜蛋白酶酶解南极磷虾得到的FDS和FDP具有较高的利用价值,可开发为人类重要的蛋白来源。     

Lipid and Tocopherol Composition of Two Varieties of Tilapia

Tilapia nilotica (black/blue skin coloration) and a hybrid of tilapia (red skin coloration( were bred and raised under the same environmental conditions and feeding regimen. After one growing season, the variety of fish designated as “Blue” tilapia (BT) were slightly larger than the variety of fish designated as “Red” tilapia (RT). Muscle tissue of BT was also fatter than RT due to a greater deposition of triacylglycerolds. Total lipid, triacyglycerol and phospholipid fractions from muscle tissue of RT were characterized as having significantly larger quantities of polyunsaturated fatty acids than BT. RT muscle tissue contained 27.04 and 4.55 ìg/g dry weight of alpha-and gammatocopherol, respectively. Based on the fatty acid and tocopherol content of the muscle tissues, RT would be expected to be the least stable to lipid oxidation.