条纹石鮨摄食强度与代谢及能量收支间的关系

设日摄食率为０．４％、１．５％、４．０％三种水平,分别测定条纹石鱼旨Ｍｏｒｏｎｅｓａｘａｔｉｌｉｓ幼鱼的代谢及能量的收支情况。处于饱食（日摄食率４．０％）及维持状态（日摄食率１．５％）下,该鱼代谢率增加的峰值分别于摄食后３ｈ及７ｈ内出现,为静止时代谢水平的２．１０倍和２．４６倍,ＳＤＡ（特殊动力作用）持续时间均为２１ｈ,ＳＤＡ总耗能量分别占摄入能的１３％和３５．８％。条纹石鱼旨在饱食时的转化效率Ｋ（湿重）为２０．８５％。三种摄食水平下条纹石鱼旨的能量收支方程分别为：饱食状态（日摄食率４．０％）时,１００Ｃ＝８．４Ｆ＋７．８Ｕ＋１３．０ＳＤＡ＋３６．９（Ｒｓ＋Ｒａ）＋３３．９Ｇ;维持状态（日摄食率１．５％）时,１００Ｃ＝７．８Ｆ＋４．１Ｕ＋３５．８ＳＤＡ＋５２．３（Ｒｓ＋Ｒａ）,其中Ｇ＝０;减重状态（日摄食率０．４％）时,（Ｆ＋Ｕ＋Ｒ）／（Ｃ＋Ｐ１）＝６７．３％,其中Ｃ＋Ｐ１＝１４．４Ｃ＋８５．６Ｐ１,Ｆ＋Ｕ＋Ｒ＝１．８Ｆ＋８．１Ｕ＋５７．４Ｒ。     

STUDIESONTHEOPTIMALREQUIREMENTSOFPANTOTHENICACID．BIOTIN．FOLICACIDANDB＿（12）INTHESHRIMPPENAEUSCHINENSI

ＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＯＰＴＩＭＡＬＲＥＱＵＩＲＥＭＥＮＴＳＯＦＰＡＮＴＯＴＨＥＮＩＣＡＣＩＤ．ＢＩＯＴＩＮ．ＦＯＬＩＣＡＣＩＤＡＮＤＢ＿（１２）ＩＮＴＨＥＳＨＲＩＭＰＰＥＮＡＥＵＳＣＨＩＮＥＮＳＩＳＬｉｕＴｉｅｂｉｎ，ＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｍｅｎｇ，Ｌ...     

Comparative Studies on the Stability of Various Forms of vitamin C

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＡＴＩＶＥＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＴＨＥＳＴＡＢＩＬＩＴＹＯＦＶＡＲＩＯＵＳＦＯＲＭＳＯＦＶＩＴＡＭＩＮＣＬｅｉＱｉｎｇｘｉｎ，ＬｉＡｉｊｉｅ，ＸｕＷｅｉ，ＲｅｎＺｅｌｉｎ（ＯｃｅａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆ　Ｑｉｎｇｄａｏ，２６６００３）ＣＯ...     

COMPARISON OF LIPIDS AND NITROGENOUS EXTRACTIVES OF DANUBLAN WELS AND CHINESE CATFISH

ＣＯＭＰＡＲＩＳＯＮＯＦＬＩＰＩＤＳＡＮＤＮＩＴＲＯＧＥＮＯＵＳＥＸＴＲＡＣＴＩＶＥＳＯＦＤＡＮＵＢＬＡＮＷＥＬＳＡＮＤＣＨＩＮＥＳＥＣＡＴＦＩＳＨＸｕｅＣｈａｎｇｈｕｏ（ＯｃｅａｎＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙｏｆＱｉｎｇｄａｏ，２６６００３）ＷａｎｇＪｉａ...     

1997年东海北部鲐Shen鱼和虾类资源动态

本文根据１９９７年鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼和虾类营养监测资料,分析了东海北部鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼和虾类资源动态的特点。１９９７年浙江省鲐Ｓｈｅｎ鱼产量１２．０４万元,虾类产量６２．５万吨,分别比上年增长１６．３％和１７．０％,１９９７年冬春季,沿海气候海况条件良好,水温偏高,沿岸冲淡水势力偏弱,外海高盐水势力强盛,有利于鱼卵,稚鱼和虾类的生长发育,资源发生量增多,是１９９７年渔业生产形势好的主要原因之一,文章最后提出     

低酶水解法提取无苦味鳀鱼水解蛋白

低酶水解法提取无苦味鳀鱼水解蛋白王长云，薛长湖，陈修白（青岛海洋大学水产学院，２６６００３）关键词鳀鱼，水解蛋白，无苦味，低酶水解法ＰＲＥＰＡＲＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＩＳＨＮＯＮ－ＢＩＴＴＥＲＨＹＤＲＯＬＹＳＡＴＥＦＲＯＭＡＮＣＨＯＶＹ（ＥＮＧＲＡＵＬＩＳ...     

淡水鱼类急性中毒死亡的判断

淡水鱼类急性中毒死亡的判断ＤＩＡＧＮＯＳＩＳＦＯＲＦＲＥＳＨＷＡＴＥＲＦＩＳＨＫＩＬＬＳＣＡＵＳＥＤＢＹＡＣＵＴＥＰＯＩＳＯＮＩＮＧ曹立业李应仁（中国水产科学研究院，北京１０００３９）ＣａｏＬｉｙｅＬｉＹｉｎｇｒｅｎ（ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆ...     

盐度对黑鲷卵巢发育的影响

盐度对黑鲷卵巢发育的影响施兆鸿（东海水产研究所，上海２０００９０）关键词黑鲷，卵巢发育，盐度ＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＳＡＬＩＮＩＴＹＯＮＯＶＡＲＩＡＮＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＳＰＡＲＵＳＭＡＣＲＯＣＥＰＨＡＬＵＳ￥ＳｉｎＺｈａｏｈｏｎｇ（ＥａｓｔＣｈｉｎ...     

用判别函数进行鱼类种群鉴别的计算机程序实现方法

用判别函数进行鱼类种群鉴别的计算机程序实现方法陈卫忠，李长松（东海水产研究所，上海２０００９０）关键词判别函数，鱼类种群，鉴别，计算机程序ＡＣＯＭＰＵＴＥＲＩＺＥＤＡＰＰＲＯＡＣＨＴＯＩＤＥＮＴＩＦＩＣＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＦＩＳＨＰＯＰＵＬＡＴＩＯＮＢＡＳ...     

大型培养中栅藻密度的几种临界值研究与应用

大型氵蚤培养中栅藻密度的几种临界值研究与应用ＳＴＵＤＹＡＮＤＡＰＰＬＩＣＡＮＴＩＯＮＡＢＯＵＴＳＥＶＥＲＡＬＣＲＩＴＩＣＡＬＶＡＬＵＥＳＯＦＤＥＮＳＩＴＹＯＦＳＣＥＮＥＤＥＳＭＵＳＳＰ．ＩＮＴＨＥＤＡＰＨＮＩＡＭＡＧＮＡＣＵＬＴＵＲＥ黄诚陈建秀（南京...     

Effects of dissolved carbon dioxide on energy metabolism and stress responses in European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax)

Elevated carbon dioxide concentrations reduce feed intake and growth in several fish species and induce stress responses. In this study, the effects of moderately elevated CO₂ levels on performance, energy partitioning, swimming activity and stress response in European seabass were assessed. European seabass (140.0 g) were reared under two levels of CO₂ (1.6 and 7.0 mg L^?1) and two feeding levels (FLs) (maintenance and satiation) for 60 days, and fish swimming speed was recorded. At the end of the experiment, fish were subjected to an acute stress test. Blood cortisol, glucose and lactate were analysed. Energy and nitrogen balances were quantified based on measurements of body composition and digestibility coefficients. Moderately elevated chronic CO₂ level did neither affect energy requirements for maintenance nor the utilization of digestible energy for growth. However, swimming activity data suggests that FL dependent alterations in energy partitioning took place. Blood cortisol values after the acute stress were affected by additional CO₂ exposure and this effect was also dependent on FL. The elevated CO₂ exposure of 7.0 mg L^?1 appears to act as a chronic stressor as adaptive responses took place, however, this CO₂ exposure seems to be still within the allostatic load of the fish.     

新疆渭干河流域鱼类资源现状

2019年5月、8月和11月,在上、中、下游共设5个采样点,采用单层刺网(网目1、2、3 cm,网长20、30、40 m)和地笼网(开口40 cm×40 cm,长8 m)调查新疆天山南麓中段塔里木河流域九大水系之一的渭干河(N 41°06′～42°42′,E 80°40′～84°10′)的鱼类资源状况.调查共采集鱼类1...     

Phenotypical and genotypical characterization of Shewanella putrefaciens strains isolated from diseased freshwater fish

Between 2007 and 2012, a variety of disease outbreaks most often characterized by skin disorders were observed among different species of freshwater fish in Poland. In most cases, the clinical signs included focally necrotized gills, necrotic skin lesions or ulcers. Internally, haemorrhages, oedematous kidney and abnormal spleen enlargement were generally noted. The disorders were accompanied by increased mortality. Most of the problems concerned cultured common carp Cyprinus carpio L. and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Fish have been examined from a number of these farms, and additionally, the wild and ornamental fish with similar clinical signs of diseases were also tested. Bacteria were isolated consistently from lesions and internal organs. They had characteristic orange-pigmented colonies which grew in pure culture or constituted 55–95% of total bacterial flora. One hundred and eighteen isolates were collected and biochemically identified as Shewanella putrefaciens group, and this was confirmed by sequencing. Challenge tests confirmed the pathogenicity of these bacteria. This is the first report characterizing and describing S. putrefaciens as a pathogen of different species of freshwater fish in Europe.     

Fish Processing By-Products as a Potential Source of Gelatin: A Review

ABSTRACT

The current practice of fish processing generates large amounts of by-products, which can account for up to three-quarters of the total fish weight. Despite the presence of several valuable components in the fish processing discards, the latter are usually dumped into landfills or at sea, having potentially harmful environmental effects or end up as low commercial value products (e.g., white fish meal). Still, fish processing by-products can be considered as an alternative raw material for the preparation of high-protein ingredients, especially for the production of food grade gelatin due to the presence of large amounts of collagen in fish skins, scales, and bones. Although fish gelatin is an alternative to the commercially available mammalian gelatins, its production on a large commercial scale has been hampered, mainly, due to the inferior quality characteristics compared to its mammalian counterparts. This review article summarizes and highlights the potential utilization of by-products generated during fish processing for gelatin extraction. Furthermore, several technical challenges and directions of ongoing research are discussed.     

环境丰容技术在鱼类增养殖中的应用研究进展

近年来,在野生渔业资源持续衰退、水产 养殖规模不断扩大、人们对鱼类福利关注度不断提升等的背景下,环境丰容作为一种全新的技术手段在水产领域受到广泛关注,被认为在野化放流鱼类行为、增加养殖鱼类产量、提升圈养鱼类福利等诸多方面均具有较大的应用潜力。环境丰容是指在增养殖生产中,采用适当方式向圈养或自然水体引入新的环境刺激,提高其异质性和复杂性,从而实现提升鱼类产量、提高鱼类福利、控制鱼类行为、改善鱼类生理目标的环境优化方式。总体来看,国际上围绕环境丰容技术的相关研究结果层出不穷,理论体系不断完善,但国内水产领域的相关研究尚处于起步阶段。本文在简要介绍环境丰容概念和分类基础上,聚焦目前最受关注的物理丰容方式,评述了物理丰容对鱼类打斗行为、生理应激、代谢生长等重要性状和放流后的适应性行为、个体适合度等增殖性状的影响,重点分析了引发研究结果差异的可能原因及其潜在神经可塑性机理,最后探讨了本领域以往研究的不足及今后的研究方向,旨在为我国开展该方面研究提供借鉴,为增养殖苗种高效健康培育与放流鱼类野化训练提供参考。     

Bacteriocins and their applications for the treatment of bacterial diseases in aquaculture: a review

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sectors in the world. The increase in the world population requires faster growth in aquaculture for better food availability and to overcome malnutrition. But this worldwide growth of aquaculture is overwhelmed by catastrophic fish diseases and spoilage during cultivation and preservation problems caused by pathogenic bacteria. Various remedies are available for food preservation and also from the bacterial diseases in the fish production. Due to the emergence of antibiotic resistance and adverse effects, an alternative to antibiotic is the need of the hour. The proteins such as bacteriocins, i.e. ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and possess antagonistic against closely related and other bacteria. These proteins are produced by most lineages of bacteria which are playing key roles in recognition and possess a cognate immunity system for self‐protection as well as host protection from infections. These proteins are potent immunomodulators with broad spectrum inhibition properties which are further used as novel therapeutic agents. In this review, we have tried to summarize the bacteriocins on the basis of their classifications, structural and functional attributes, mode of actions, bacteriocins isolated from fish and gut microbiota and presence of beneficiary bacteria in the fish gut. Further, this study highlighted where further research is a prerequisite to increase our basic understanding and search for novel bacteriocins to elucidate the proteins/peptides having antimicrobial properties for disease control in aquaculture as an alternative to antibiotics.     

Spatial dynamics of juvenile anchovy in the Bay of Biscay

In autumn 2009, the implementation of two successive acoustic surveys targeting juvenile anchovy (Engraulis encrasicolus) in the Bay of Biscay allowed us to monitor the changes in the spatial distribution and aggregation patterns of juveniles of this species during 45 days under fairly stable meteorological conditions. Juvenile anchovy changed its biological condition and behavior in a different manner in two distinct areas. In the Spanish sector, the juveniles migrated 20 nautical miles (n.mi.) towards the coast, but they remained on the shelf and near the surface during the whole surveyed period. As the advance towards the shelf break progressed, their area of distribution decreased, their density increased and the juveniles spread in fewer but heavier shoals. In the French sector, the juveniles also migrated from slope waters towards the coast at a similar velocity, but they crossed the shelf break into the continental shelf, where they increased their mean depth significantly until gradually adopting the typical nyctemeral migrations of adult anchovy. The mean length of the juveniles that adopted the nyctemeral migrations was significantly higher than that of the juveniles remaining at the surface, suggesting that body size is relevant to accomplish this change. Besides, the stronger temperature gradients between the shelf and oceanic waters in the Spanish sector, favored by a narrow shelf, may have acted as a barrier influencing the distinct observed spatial patterns in the two areas.     

Processes of collating a European fisheries database to meet the objectives of the European Union Water Framework Directive

Abstract  FIsh Database of European Streams, a common database for the FAME project, was merged using existing data on electric fishing and environmental data. FIsh Database of European Stream is a relational database with eight tables. Metrics based on classification of fish species into guilds were calculated, and provided in separate tables. FIsh Database of European Stream contained information about 150 freshwater fish species, from 12 countries, 17 ecoregions, 40 main river regions, 2651 rivers and 8228 sites. Examples of data coverage and use are given. Relationships between environmental variables were illustrated using principal component analysis, which resulted in three environmental components – latitude, size and altitude. Environmental component scores were correlated with fish metrics used in the European Fish Index. Results exemplify how fish guilds reflect gradients in environmental variation. Benefits and problems concerning standardisation and data availability at the global level are discussed.     

利用鲜杂鱼代替进口鱼粉制作配合饲料养鱼效果的初步试验

本文报道利用当地鲜杂鱼全部代替进口鱼粉制成的配合饲料进行池塘养成鱼的试验。试验结果是投喂野杂鱼饲料平均亩产383．9kg，亩成本为1576．5元，亩产利58．78元，饲料转换率为58．01％,饲料投产比为3．72，比当地进口鱼粉饲料成本降低19％，亩成本降低15．5％。但单产略低于鱼粉饲料组。