3种植物促生长剂对小球藻生长及光合色素的影响

探究不同浓度梯度的新福钠、吲哚丁酸钾和胺鲜酯对小球藻生长性能及代谢的影响.研究结果表明,10mg/L新福钠能够显著促进小球藻生长和光合色素合成,比对照组的细胞密度增加了 16.7％,光合色素合成增加了 15.5％;而20mg/L的新福钠则开始抑制其生长但对光合色素合成无显著影响.20 mg/L吲哚丁酸钾能够显著促进藻细...     

营养元素和pH对若夫小球藻生长和油脂积累的影响

以若夫小球藻（Chlorella zofingiensis）为研究对象,考察了不同的营养方式（自养、混养、异养）,不同的氮源、磷（P）质量浓度和pH对其生长和油脂积累的影响.结果表明,若夫小球藻在混合营养方式下藻体质量浓度及油脂质量分数明显高于自养与异养方式,以蔗糖为碳源的混合营养方式下若夫小球藻总脂质量浓度最高（3.14g·L^-1）,分别是自养和异养的4.6和5.0倍.以尿素为氮源时若夫小球藻总脂质量浓度最高（0.79 g·L^-1）.在一定范围内增加P质量浓度能提高若夫小球藻总脂质量浓度,其最适P质量浓度为7.0 ～ 14.0 mg·L^-1.人为改变培养液的pH对若夫小球藻细胞生长影响较大,若夫小球藻能够在pH4.5 ～9.5范围内生长,超出此范围时细胞很快裂解死亡.     

VB6对盐藻色素形成、细胞生长和蛋白积累的影响

将盐藻接入不同质量浓度的VB6培养液中,检测其对盐藻色素形成、细胞生长与蛋白质积累的影响。试验结果表明,VB6对盐藻的作用效应表现为低质量浓度促进高质量浓度抑制。能够使盐藻β-胡萝卜素、叶绿素a、叶绿素b形成最多、细胞繁殖最快、蛋白质积累量最大的VB6质量浓度为250μg/L。在此质量浓度下,每个细胞中的蛋白质含量相对较低,这可能是由于盐藻细胞快速繁殖所致。     

不同氮浓度对工厂化养殖蛋白核小球藻的影响

<正>本实验研究了不同氮浓度对工厂化养殖蛋白核小球藻的影响。结果表明,蛋白核小球藻的细胞密度跟干重呈明显的线性关系,相关系数达0.9867;在改良的BG11培养基的基础上,当硝酸钠浓度在1.2g/L时,蛋白核小球藻获得最大藻细胞密度、比生长速率和相对生长常数。     

营养元素对小球藻生长及胞内蛋白质和多糖含量的影响

在24～26℃、自然光照的条件下,首先考察小球藻生长与胞内蛋白质和多糖积累的关系,其次利用正交设计实验考察不同浓度的营养元素对小球藻生长及胞内蛋白质和多糖含量的影响。结果表明,小球藻中蛋白质和多糖的合成与积累主要发生在生长过程的平衡期。实验的目标不同,所需要的营养元素浓度及其优化组合不同。利于小球藻生长、胞内蛋白质和多糖积累的营养元素的优化组合分别为:C6H12O6:2g/L;KNO3:0.8g/L;NaH2PO4:0.2 g/L;C6H12O6:10 g/L;KNO3:1.6 g/L;NaH2PO4:0.2 g/L;C6H12O6:6 g/L;KNO3:1.6g/L;NaH2PO4:0.1g/L。与之对应的细胞密度、蛋白质和总糖含量分别为:6.46×107个细胞/L,655.4 mg/g,168.1mg/g。     

G418和氨苄青霉素对海水小球藻生长及光化学活性的影响

采用不同质量浓度的2种抗生素———G418硫酸盐(简称G418,试验浓度为0、40、80、160、240、320μg/mL)和氨苄青霉素(试验浓度为0、200、400、800、1 200、1 600μg/mL)对海水小球藻(Chlorella sp.)进行无菌化处理,研究抗生素种类及其质量浓度对海水小球藻细胞密度、叶绿素含量及光化学活性的影响,以确定对海水小球藻细胞无害并能抑制伴杂菌生长的抗生素种类及使用浓度。结果显示,不同质量浓度的G418均能显著抑制小球藻的生长,破坏其潜在光合活性(F_v/F_0),降低光合系统II(PSⅡ)的最大量子产量(F_v/F_m),阻碍其相对电子传递速率(ETR),降低光化学淬灭(q P),抑制作用随G418质量浓度的增加而增强;而氨苄青霉素对海水小球藻的影响则呈现低质量浓度促进、高质量浓度抑制的特征,具体表现为低质量浓度氨苄青霉素(≤800μg/mL)能够促进海水小球藻的生长,增强其潜在光合活性(F_v/F_0),提高其光合系统Ⅱ的最大光化学量子产量(F_v/F_m),促进其相对电子传递速率(ETR)并且增强光化学淬灭(q P)的能力,高质量浓度氨苄青霉素(1200μg/mL)对海水小球藻的生长、叶绿素含量以及荧光参数等指标则呈现抑制作用。研究结果表明,G418不适用于海水小球藻的无菌培养,可选择添加质量浓度不高于800μg/mL的氨苄青霉素对海水小球藻进行抑菌处理,建议添加的质量浓度为200μg/mL。     

美人蕉种植根区水对藻类生长的影响

通过取用美人蕉(Canna indica)种植根区水置于光照培养箱中对小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和卵形衣藻(Chamydom onas ovalis)进行培养和观察,获得两种藻类的生长数据。结果显示:根区水在6 d对小球藻的化感效应为-0.7331,对卵形衣藻则为-0.4408;小球藻试验组与对照组的细胞数量在2~6 d差异显著(P<0.05),而卵形衣藻的细胞数量在5~6 d出现显著差异(P<0.05)。显微镜观察还发现,试验组卵形衣藻部分细胞颜色变白、细胞器溶解,并出现胶群体,对照组没有发现这种现象。实验说明美人蕉根系能分泌一些化感物质影响藻类生长,化感物质对藻类的影响具有选择性。     

光照对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素含量影响的研究

为探讨光照对纤细裸藻的生长以及光合色素含量的影响,将纤细裸藻分别置于不同光照度(0、1500、3000、4500、6000 lx)、光照周期(16L∶8D、14L∶10D、12L∶12D、10L∶14D、8L∶16D)、光质(绿光495~530 nm、蓝光450~480 nm、红光615~650 nm、白光450~465 nm、黄光580~595 nm)条件下于恒温光照培养箱中静置培养,进行细胞密度以及色素含量的测定。试验结果显示,光照度、光照周期和光质对纤细裸藻生长及光合色素质量浓度有显著影响( P <0.05)。光照度1500、3000、4500 lx对纤细裸藻的生长均有积极作用,其中3000 lx光照度作用最为显著,细胞生长状态良好,光合色素质量浓度也高于1500、4500 lx;光照周期16L∶8D、14L∶10D和12L∶12D对纤细裸藻的生长有促进作用,其中14L∶10D组生长状况和光合色素质量浓度均优于其他处理组,8L∶16D组使纤细裸藻的生长受到抑制,其色素质量浓度也显著低于其他处理组( P <0.05);蓝光与白光组对纤细裸藻生长有显著促进作用( P <0.05),蓝光条件下色素质量浓度达到最高,更利于光合色素的积累。试验结果表明,适宜纤细裸藻生长及光合色素积累的光照条件为:光照度3000 lx,光照周期14L∶10D,蓝光培养。     

热带普通小球藻生长过程中色素质量浓度和颜色值变化及相关性分析

该文基于CIE-L*a*b*颜色分析系统,采用全自动分光测色仪对热带普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长过程中的颜色值变化进行监测,同时测定其细胞密度及色素的质量浓度变化并进行相关分析。结果显示,热带普通小球藻生长过程中细胞密度分为接种期、快速生长期、稳定期和衰亡期4个阶段,绿色素和黄色素质量浓度和颜色参数值黄度值(b*)、色差值(△E)和饱和度(C)均呈增加趋势,而颜色参数值明度值(L*)、红度值(a*)、相角(H°)呈降低趋势;颜色参数值与细胞密度、色素质量浓度具有较强的相关性,线性回归模型拟合度较高,在快速生长期尤为显著,其中b*和△E可作为较佳的指示指标。通过量化热带普通小球藻生长过程中的颜色参数变化,建立非接触性数量及质量动态变化预测模型,可快速准确预测,为提高养殖过程中精细操作及效率提供理论基础。     

营养方式对小球藻生长性能及营养价值的影响

分别对小球藻Chlorellasp.2003ZGH023进行光合自养、混合营养高碳、混合营养低碳和异养低碳培养,探讨不同营养方式对小球藻生长及细胞营养组成的影响。结果表明,在基础培养基中添加有机碳源,可显著提高小球藻的细胞密度和生物量,其中异养低碳组细胞密度可达54.73×106cell/ml,生物量6.86 g(dw)/L,且混合营养和异养小球藻细胞体积变大。在细胞营养组成上,与自养小球藻细胞相比,异养培养的小球藻细胞内蛋白含量显著下降而脂肪含量显著增加。光合自养组、混合营养高碳组、混合营养低碳组和异养组小球藻细胞粗蛋白含量分别是41.88%±0.14%、24.60%±0.07%、21.93%±0.13%和12.91%±0.35%。不同营养方式下小球藻的氨基酸总量变化与其粗蛋白含量的变化趋势相一致,光合自养组>混合营养高碳组>混合营养低碳组>异养组。小球藻总脂肪含量最高的为混合营养高碳组(15.32%±1.58%)和异养低碳组(14.15%±0.93%),显著高于混合营养低碳组(12.35%±0.25%)和光合自养组(10.04%±0.39%)。小球藻的脂肪酸组成会随着营养方式的改变而改变,光合自养组小球藻...     

Electromagnetic Method for Detection of Parasites in Fish

An electromagnetic method that can detect parasites in fish muscle has been developed. The hypothesis tested was that changes in current flow around a parasite could be detected by variations in electromagnetic field strength. The use of electrical properties of fish muscle and associated parasites simplified the detection problem by changing it from complex pattern recognition to simple current detection. This technique has the potential for automated industrial applications requiring high sensitivity, high resolution, easy defect recognition, and fast throughput.     

Effect of a constant magnetic field on water quality and rearing of European sheatfish Silurus glanis L. larvae

The influence of a constant magnetic field with an intensity ranging from 0.4 to 0.6 T (Tesla) was determined on physicochemical parameters of water and on rearing of larvae of the European sheatfish Silurus glanis L. larvae. In the experiment, feeding brood of European sheatfish was reared in two groups. One was kept in tanks supplied with magnetically treated water. The second group was kept in tanks supplied with water without treatment with a magnetic field (control). The fish tanks were supplied with circulating river water. Rearing was conducted for 15 days at an initial stocking density for both groups of 8 fish per litre. The mean fish mass obtained was 0.46 g, and in the control group – 0.78 g (P<0.05). Stocking mortality was 19.1% in the tanks with a constant magnetic field, and 13.5% in the control group. No changes were observed in water phosphate, ammonium, organic compounds or chloride concentrations.     

Influence of geomagnetism on the activity and orientation of the eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), as evident from laboratory experiments

Abstract– Studies were performed with both a mechanical and a photosensory arrangement of the experimental tanks. Silver (migratory) eels were more active than yellow (stationary) eels. Comparison of pooled data on yellow eels tested under natural geomagnetic field conditions with those on eel tested under unnatural ones prcded no evidence of difference in activity. Silver and yellow eels showed stronger activity during the 6 days around new moon compared with the phase around full moon as well as a peak before new moon and a smaller peak before full moon. Under each kind of unnatural field condition, the activity relationships reversed or were cancelled. The directional choice of eels under natural conditions (controls) pointed to magnetic NW and mostly also in the opposite direction. When the magnetic north was changed by 90°, the tested yellow eels followed this change to about the same degree. The additional change of both the inclination (from 68° or 45° or 30°) and total intensity (by a reduction to 31% of the natural field) resulted in a change of the preferences of about 90° relative to magnetic north. Reversal of magnetic north by 180°, which is identical to a change of the inclination from 68° to 112°, also resulted in a change of the preferences by about 90°. Three experiments using compensation of both the horizontal and the vertical geomagnetic field led to circular directional preferences at random in two cases and in one case to about NW of the residual field magnetic north. The navigational abilities of the eel, on the basis of its magnetic sensitivity, are discussed.     

Anosmic Japanese eel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Anguilla japonica</Emphasis> can no longer detect magnetic fields

ABSTRACT:   Magnetosensitivity in anosmic Japanese eel Anguilla japonica was examined by conditioning and electrocardiography. Five eels from a freshwater farm in Kagoshima, Japan, were made anosmic by injection of boiling petroleum jelly (130–140°C) into the nasal cavity, a technique widely used in studies on olfaction and olfaction-related behavior of eels. Another five eels were not injected with boiling petroleum jelly and served as controls. Conditioning consisted of exposure of eels to an imposed magnetic field of 192 473 nT. After complete conditioning of the eels, the imposed magnetic field was reduced from 192 473 nT to 12 663 nT during the tests. The control eels showed a significant conditioned response (i.e. slowing of the heart beat) to the magnetic field after one set of conditioning runs. The anosmic eels did not respond to the magnetic field, presumably due to damage of the olfactory organ from the jelly injection. The results suggest that Japanese eels have a magnetosensitive organ in or around the nares. At 1 month after the anosmia treatment, there was no visible trauma to the olfactory lamellae of anosmic eels.     

Quality of Atlantic Cod Frozen in Cell Alive System,Air-Blast,and Cold Storage Freezers

ABSTRACT

Gutted Atlantic cod, packed in cartons, were frozen immediately after killing in a magnetic field (cell alive system). The results were compared with traditional air-blast freezing or by putting the cartons directly in a cold storage room (without forced convection of air). After frozen storage, external and fillet properties were compared. In spite of differences in freezing rates, only minor differences were found among treatments. The mechanism for the freezing of fish in the magnetic field, under the current conditions, appeared to be similar to that of traditional freezing methods.     

扇贝精子及卵子的受精生物学特性

采用扫描电子显微镜和普通光学显微镜观察方法,结合全光谱扫描分析方法,对栉孔扇贝和虾夷扇贝的精子及卵子的受精生物学特性进行了详细的观察,包括精卵产出后形态学变化、卵水的特性、精子顶体反应、卵子皮层反应以及精子分级分离组分对卵子的作用5个方面.结果表明,这两种扇贝精卵生物学特性没有本质的区别,扇贝精子排入海水中10min以内,外形没有太大的变化,但30min以后约有1/4的精子出现头部膨大变成圆球形的现象,受精能力明显下降;扇贝卵子产入海水中1h以内受精能力没有变化,但2h以后,约1/3的卵子出现卵裂现象,未见极体的排放,且卵裂多停止在2细胞期,少数达到4细胞期,基本属于均等卵裂,并失去受精能力;滴入卵水中的精子极易发生自溶解体,未解体的精子发生凝集,10min之后卵水中基本检测不到完整的精子,卵水和钙离子载体A23187均能诱导精子发生顶体反应;精子分级分离组分分别为精浆、精子头部和精子尾部,这三部分除了少数精子头部能够附着在卵子表面外,其他都不具备激活卵子的作用.对扇贝精子和卵子的生物学特性的研究将为解释不同种扇贝的精卵相互识别并受精的现象提供基础资料.     

基于FUNWAVE-TVD模型的离岸养殖围网内外波浪场数值模拟研究

本研究利用完全非线性Boussinesq数值模型FUNWAVE-TVD耦合多孔介质模型,建立了模拟围网波浪场的数值模型。将计算结果和实验数据进行对比分析,验证了该模型计算规则波在穿过网箱后传播过程的准确性。进一步研究了波高和周期等因素对围网内外波浪场特性的影响,探讨了围网波浪场特性与这些水动力因素的内在联系。结果显示,离岸养殖围网的存在使波浪场背浪侧出现衰减,波高衰减率受波浪周期影响较大,最大波高衰减达到93.3%。同时,较低频规则波的波高衰减区域呈辐射状趋势扩散,并随着波浪进一步传播,最大波高衰减位置开始向两侧扩散,围网背浪侧的波高衰减程度减小,波高有恢复趋势,而高频波浪的波高衰减区域则较为集中。本研究可为实际海域桩网围护的位置和构造提供分析依据。     

环境变化对湿地植物根系的影响研究

湿地生态系统具有独特的水文特征和潜育化土壤环境,湿地植物在生长过程中往往表现出独特的环境适应机制。根系作为植物重要的功能器官,是湿地植物群落与周围环境实现物质循环与能量流动的关键纽带,在发挥植物的生态功能及维持生态平衡中具有重要作用。因此,近年来植物根系生理生态研究越来越受到关注。从湿地植物根系在植物生长及湿地生态系统中的作用出发,综合论述环境因子对湿地植物根系的影响及作用机制,着重评述近年来水分条件、土壤盐分、土壤养分、有毒有害物质以及其他因子对湿地植物根系生理生态特征的影响等方面的研究进展和亟待解决的问题,指出湿地植物根系研究将是湿地生态学的重要研究方向。     

嗜水气单胞菌源黄鳝出血病的组织病理学研究

应用组织学方法研究了分离自患出血病黄鳝(Monopterus albus)体内的嗜水气单胞菌(Aermonas hydrophila)人工感染健康黄鳝后引起的组织病理学变化。结果显示:健康黄鳝感染嗜水气单胞菌后发病呈急性过程,感染后15~33 h为发病死亡高峰期。黄鳝人工感染后出现的临床症状与自然发病病例相似,主要表现:体表出现出血斑、肛门红肿、腹腔充血以及各实质性器官出血、充血。人工感染黄鳝的肝脏、脾脏和肾脏的病理变化明显:肝脏出现广泛的充血、出血,肝细胞出现空泡变性、坏死;肾脏肾小管上皮的肿胀、结构的消失,肾小球出血、变性坏死;脾脏充血、出血;肠粘膜上皮脱落,基底膜排列紊乱,大量出血。结果表明,嗜水气单胞菌感染黄鳝后的病理变化主要表现为肝脏、肾脏等实质性器官充血、出血,及广泛的组织细胞变性和坏死。     

Modelling changes in the length–frequency distributions of fish larvae using field estimates of predator abundance and size distributions

The goal of this study is to determine if an individual-based size-dependent model can realistically simulate changes in the length–frequency distributions of several species of fish larvae collected in Conception Bay in 1993 and 1994, using field estimations of growth and predator abundance. We first model the length–frequency distribution of field samples with the best possible estimates of mean growth rate. Then, we add predation mortality given the characteristics of the predator community observed during our surveys, which was composed of macrozooplankton and adult capelin. The larval fish community is generally not affected by predation by macrozooplankton, as the average instantaneous mortality rate predicted by the model was 0.004 day^–1. Fish larvae appear to be more vulnerable to predation by the population of adult capelin. We estimate that an abundance of adult capelin ranging between 0.2 and 1.0 individuals per 1000 m^–3 may have a substantial impact on the larval fish community. The predictions of an individual-based model are directly related to the accuracy of estimates of the mean growth rates of the larval fish cohorts. We find that it is difficult to differentiate size-selective removal of individuals from random selection by analysing changes of the length–frequency distributions of the larval fish community.