建鲤的几种疾病及防治

建鲤的几种疾病及防治钱续（甘肃省榆中县渔业工作站７３０１００）在两年的建鲤引种试验中，观察到建鲤气泡病、小三毛金藻中毒病、烂鳍病、椭圆碘泡虫病及车轮虫病和舌杯虫病。现将观察和治疗情况分迷于后，以供参考。一、气泡病从池边观察，病鱼体色较黑，头朝下，尾朝...     

目检鱼病的方法

肉眼检查（目检），是目前生产上用于诊断鱼病的主要方法之一，重点检查体表、鳃、内脏三部分，方法如下： 一、体表： 将病鱼置于盘中依次从头部、嘴、眼、鳃盖、鳞片、鳍等顺序仔细观察。 （一）检查有无大型病原体。如水霉、嗜子宫线虫、锚头蚤、鱼鲺、钩介幼虫等。 （二）根据症状辨别病原。如车轮虫、鱼波豆虫、斜管虫、三代虫等寄生，一般会引起鱼体分泌大量粘液，有时微带污泥，或是头、嘴及鳍条末端腐烂，但鳍条基部一般无充血现象。 双穴吸虫病，则表现出眼睛混浊，有白内障。细菌性赤皮病，则鳞片脱落、皮肤充血。疖疮病则在病变…     

对虾匹里虫超微结构观察

匹里虫（Pleisotopbora sp）属原生动物门，微孢亚门，微孢子目，单丝亚目，微粒子科。寄生在对虾上的微孢子虫，已报道的有4种，奈氏微粒子虫（Ameson nelsoni）、对虾匹里虫（Pleisotophora penaei）、桃红对虾八孢虫（Agmasoma duorara）、对虾八孢虫（Agmasoma penaei）。微孢子虫病已在我国山东、广东和广西发现，在广东和广西是一种较为常见和危害较大的病，     

锚头鳋病的诊治

锚头鳋病又称针虫病、铁锚虫病,病原体为多态锚头鳋、鲤锚头鳋、鲩锚头鳋等,感染鲫、鲤、鲢、草等鱼类。若寄生在口腔中,则鱼嘴一直开着,称“开口病”;若寄生在鳞片和肌肉中,造成鱼体的出血和发炎;老虫阶段寄生部位的鳞片往往有“缺口”,     

锚头蚤种类及防治

锚头蚤病又称针虫病、铁锚虫病、蓑衣虫病，是由甲壳动物桡足类锚头蚤侵入鱼体而引起的体外疾病。一般雌虫寄生鱼体，雄虫基本不寄生。病鱼大量寄生锚头蚤时会焦躁不安，食欲不振。每年4～10月为该病流行季节。急性感染时每尾鱼种可侵入数十条，短期内会大量死鱼；慢性感染时，鱼体消瘦，慢慢死亡。     

斑点叉尾鮰主要疾病与防治（下）

3.寄生虫性疾病 （1）小瓜虫病（Ichthyophthiriasis） 病原：小瓜虫病是由多子小瓜虫引起的，是斑点叉尾鮰一种危害较大的原虫性寄生虫病。由于病鱼体表粘液增多，游动异常，常见鱼体与固体物摩擦，继而在体表、鳍条和鳃上出现大量小白点，故小瓜虫病又称白点病（White spot disease）。     

广东水产养殖病害测报情况及预报

12月病害发生情况 根据我省各测报点本月上报的水产养殖病害监测数据，12月份的病害主要有鱼类水霉病、烂鳃病、细菌性败血症、肠炎病、溃疡病、指环虫病、小瓜虫病、车轮虫病、锚头鳋病、斜管虫、对虾白斑病和红腿病等。     

巧治鲤鱼小瓜虫病

小瓜虫属（Ichthyophtihirius）隶属于纤色虫纲（ciliata），全毛目（Holotricha）、凹口科（Ophryoglenidae），其寄生虫于鱼体会引起小瓜虫病。目前，关于此病的防治方法较多，但能快速有效治愈的方法却不多。本文是作者多年防治小瓜虫病的实践经验总结，仅供大家参考。     

广东4～5水产养殖病害预测

3-4月病害发生情况 3～4月份,广东省水产养殖发生的主要病害有：鱼类出血病、烂鳃病、细菌性败血症、肠炎病、溃疡病、诺卡氏菌病、水霉病、锚头鳋病、斜管虫病、指环虫病、车轮虫病,瞥疖疮病和红底板病．海水鱼本尼登虫病,对虾不明病因病等。     

广东水产养殖病害测报情况及预报（2010年8月）

8月病害发生情况 根据我省各测报点本月水产养殖病害监测数据分析，8月份监测到的主要病害有鱼类出血病、烂鳃病、赤皮病、肠炎病、细菌性败血症、罗非鱼链球菌病、车轮虫病、指环虫病、锚头鳋病、海水鱼刺激隐核虫病和本尼登虫、鳖红底板病和白底板病、对虾白斑病、红体病、桃拉病和固着类纤毛虫病等。     

莱州湾春季鱼类群落关键种的长期变化

关键种对生态系统结构和功能发挥了重要作用,其变化可以引起群落结构振荡和演替,导致生态系统功能紊乱乃至崩溃,因此,了解生态关键种的长期变化有助于解析整个生态系统演替过程。本研究基于莱州湾1959年、1982年、1993年、2003年和2015年春季(5月)底拖网渔业资源调查数据,构建了莱州湾春季鱼类群落食物网拓扑结构,分析了其关键种的长期变化。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类食物网包含物种21~46个,摄食关系范围70~296个,食物网拓扑结构密度范围为0.155~0.300,种间关联度0.140~0.182,符合自然条件下群落种间摄食关系。1959~2015年莱州湾鱼类群落关键种如下:1959年为六丝矛尾虾虎鱼(Amblychaeturichthys hexanema)、花鲈(Lateolabrax japonicus)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius)和黄(Lophius litulon),1982年为鳀(Engraulis japonicus)、黄和小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis),1993年为带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、鳀和蓝点马鲛,2003年为细纹狮子鱼(Liparis tanakae)、鳀和黄,2015年为细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼;关键种由经济价值较高的花鲈、小黄鱼和蓝点马鲛等演变为细纹狮子鱼、鳀和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼等经济价值较低的种类;同时,关键种的栖息环境也由中上层与底层生境(蓝点马鲛、花鲈、鳀等)演变为底层单一生境(细纹狮子鱼、大泷六线鱼和六丝矛尾虾虎鱼);关键种的这种更替导致食物网拓扑结构向简单化发展,在某种程度上也增加了鱼类群落结构脆弱性。     

武汉南湖的浮游植物

调查了武汉南湖浮游植物的群落结构,在5个采样站鉴定出浮游植物67种,隶属于7门24科43属,其中绿藻门种类最多(28种),金藻门最少(1种)。浮游植物平均密度为2.489×106ind./L,秋季最高为2.979×106ind./L,夏季最低为1.949×106ind./L;平均生物量为7.94 mg/L,其中隐藻生物量最高,为2.33 mg/L,甲藻和金藻最低,分别为0.06 mg/L和0.01 mg/L;浮游植物的密度和生物量在5个采样站之间无显著性差异,其M argalef多样性指数较低,在1~2之间。     

豢养斑海豹生长规律研究

为研究斑海豹生长规律,达到科学饲养的目的,对大连圣亚旅游控股股份有限公司豢养斑海豹进行体检,获取动物性别、年龄、体质量和体长等信息;通过SPSS 13．0软件对动物的生长曲线、体长-体质量关系和雌雄间生长差异进行分析。试验共获得30头豢养斑海豹的体检数据,雌性11头,雄性19头。统计分析发现：logistic、Gompertz和von Bertalanffy三种模型回归的斑海豹最大体长、体质量依次为167、170、171 cm和153、175、191 kg ;体质量-体长关系为（r2＝0．908）;研究还发现体长-年龄、体质量-体长间的相关关系模型能够较准确的反映斑海豹的生长规律,而体质量年龄模型准确度较差。控制年龄的协方差分析未发现雌雄斑海豹生长规律间的差异（体长：P ＞0．05;体质量：P ＞0．05）。     

Innovation in small-scale aquaculture in Chile

In light of the current depletion of extractive marine resources and the sustainability issues that have arisen in the aquaculture industry, the small-scale aquaculture sector has emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative for generating income. To integrate the small-scale aquaculture sector into the food value chain, understanding the decision-making process to innovate becomes essential. This paper explores the factors underlying both innovation choices and intensity among small-scale aquaculture producers by utilizing exclusive census data from the small-scale aquaculture sector in Chile. The results indicate that education, secure property rights, internet access, participation in organizations, commercialization methods, government instruments, understanding of credit, and social learning promote innovation decisions. We also find that largest producers innovate in more areas, suggesting a role of size for both technological and non-technological innovations.     

Examining changes in participation in recreational fisheries in England and Wales

Abstract Inland fisheries in England and Wales have high economic and social values. Managing participation to maximise fishery performance is key to maintaining this status. The capital value of fishing rights for migratory salmonid fisheries is €165 million. Coarse fisheries contribute €1030 million to the economy. The central tenet to increasing participation in recreational salmonid fisheries is that an increase in stock size will result in more anglers accessing the fishery. This was examined for salmon on the rivers Usk and Lune where exploitation restrictions increased the number of salmon available to anglers. On the River Lune, the number of salmon available post‐intervention increased by 66%. There was no significant increase in catch while the number of anglers decreased by 16.3%. On the River Usk, the closure of the net fishery potentially resulted in an additional ～1200 salmon being available. Following closure, there was no significant change in rod catch or in the number of anglers. Increased participation is dependent less upon stock manipulation for coarse fisheries and more upon facilitating the activity. In recent years, urban fishery development programmes have provided improved access to local fishing opportunity. Also, new anglers have been targeted through campaigns such as Get Hooked on Fishing and the Scout Angler Badge.     

Genetic variation in tilapia populations in man-made reservoirs in Sri Lanka

An electrophoretic analysis of six populations of Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters) and four populations of O. niloticus (L.) from several rivers and a fish hatchery in Sri Lanka was conducted to determine the degree of mixing within and between stocks. Genetic characterization of the O. mossambicus stocks showed that some degree of mixing with O. niloticus occurred in all but two of the populations examined, while in the case of the O. niloticus, all the populations had some degree of mixing of O. mossambicus alleles. Genetic identity calculated using Nei's coefficient gave values ranging from 0.9484 to 0.9895 for O. niloticus populations and 1.0 to 0.9940 for O. mossambicus populations, while interspecies comparisons ranged from 0.7531 to 0.9002. The implications of these results for fisheries management and aquaculture are discussed.     

Declines in chinook salmon catches in the Strait of Georgia in relation to shifts in the marine environment

Chinook, Oncurhynchus tshawytscha, catches in the Strait of Georgia increased in the 1970s and reached maximum levels from 1976 to 1978. Catches then declined until they stabilized through regulation at levels approximately one-quarter of the 1976 to 1978 levels. The timing of the decline in catch was synchronous with an increase in the mean temperature of the Strait of Georgia, a decline in annual Fraser River flows, and an abrupt decrease in the marine survival of hatchery-reared chinook released into the Strait of Georgia. Surprisingly, the number of young chinook salmon (smolts) more than doubled over the period of declining catches compared with the number produced during the period of high catches. The increase in smolt abundance was a consequence of the production from hatcheries that was approximately equal to wild production. We conclude that there was a change in the carrying capacity for chinook salmon in the Strait of Georgia in the late 1970s that contributed to the declines in abundance and that rebuilding stocks to the high abundance of the late 1970s is unlikely until the carrying capacity for chinook salmon changes either naturally or through manipulation. Although we did not separate density-dependent and density-independent effects on marine survival, the current total number of chinook smolts produced appears larger than required for the current marine carrying capacity.     

我国海产贝类附着变态的化学诱导研究进展

近二十年来,海产贝类幼体附着和变态的化学诱导研究取得了十分显著的进展,发现了许多天然和人工诱导物质。据统计,部分金属离子(K 、Ca2 、Cr6 、)、肾上腺素(EPI)、L-多巴(L-DOPA)、多巴胺(DA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)及某些氨基酸与脂肪酸等都已用于约20种贝类附着变态的研究中,成果显著。现在对海产贝类的研究已深入到分子生物学水平,并已成功地用于生产中。     

鱼类补偿生长的研究进展

本文综述了鱼类补偿生长的概念、影响因素及其生理机制,以通过其理论探讨建立科学的饲养模式,为水产养殖生产提供新的投喂途径。     

枝角类生态毒理学研究进展

对枝角类生态毒理学研究作了概述,主要包括枝角类生态毒理学研究常用种类、生态毒理学研究的领域、毒性试验常用方法,分析了目前枝角类生态毒理研究存在优点和不足,指出其生态毒理学研究需要加强的方面。